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如何：诊断有问题的打印作业

  • 项目

网络管理员经常接收到有关打印作业无法打印或打印速度慢的用户投诉。 Microsoft .NET Framework 的 API 中公开的丰富打印作业属性集提供对打印作业执行快速远程诊断的方法。

示例

以下是创建此类实用程序的主要步骤。

  1. 标识用户投诉的打印作业。 用户通常无法准确完成此操作。 他们可能不知道打印服务器或打印机的名称。 他们描述打印机的位置可能与设置其 Location 属性时所用的术语不同。 这样的话，一个好办法是生成用户当前所提交作业的列表。 如果存在多个作业，则可通过用户和打印系统管理员之间的通信来查明出现问题的作业。 子步骤如下。

    1. 获取所有打印服务器的列表。

    2. 循环访问服务器以查询其打印队列。

    3. 在每一轮服务器循环访问过程中，循环访问所有服务器的队列，以查询其作业

    4. 在每一轮服务器循环访问过程中，循环访问其作业，并收集与投诉用户已提交的作业相关的标识信息。

  2. 当已识别有问题的打印作业时，检查相关属性以查明可能的问题。 例如，作业是否处于错误状态，或服务于队列的打印机是否在打印该作业之前处于脱机状态？

以下代码是一系列代码示例。 第一个代码示例包含针对打印队列的循环访问操作。 （以上步骤 1c。）变量 myPrintQueues 是当前打印服务器的 PrintQueueCollection对象。

代码示例首先使用 PrintQueue.Refresh 刷新当前打印队列对象。 这可确保该对象的属性能够准确表示它所表示的物理打印机的状态。 然后，该应用程序通过使用 GetPrintJobInfoCollection 获取打印队列中当前打印作业的集合。

接下来应用程序在 PrintSystemJobInfo 集合内循环，并将每个 Submitter 属性与抱怨用户的别名进行比较。 如果属性和别名相匹配，则应用程序会将有关该作业的标识信息添加到将呈现的字符串。 （userName 和 jobList 变量在应用程序早期进行初始化。）

for each (PrintQueue^ pq in myPrintQueues)
{
   pq->Refresh();
   PrintJobInfoCollection^ jobs = pq->GetPrintJobInfoCollection();
   for each (PrintSystemJobInfo^ job in jobs)
   {
      // Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
      // present information about each job the user has submitted.
      if (job->Submitter == userName)
      {
         atLeastOne = true;
         jobList = jobList + "\nServer:" + line;
         jobList = jobList + "\n\tQueue:" + pq->Name;
         jobList = jobList + "\n\tLocation:" + pq->Location;
         jobList = jobList + "\n\t\tJob: " + job->JobName + " ID: " + job->JobIdentifier;
      }
   }
}

foreach (PrintQueue pq in myPrintQueues)
{
    pq.Refresh();
    PrintJobInfoCollection jobs = pq.GetPrintJobInfoCollection();
    foreach (PrintSystemJobInfo job in jobs)
    {
        // Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
        // present information about each job the user has submitted.
        if (job.Submitter == userName)
        {
            atLeastOne = true;
            jobList = jobList + "\nServer:" + line;
            jobList = jobList + "\n\tQueue:" + pq.Name;
            jobList = jobList + "\n\tLocation:" + pq.Location;
            jobList = jobList + "\n\t\tJob: " + job.JobName + " ID: " + job.JobIdentifier;
        }
    }// end for each print job
}// end for each print queue

For Each pq As PrintQueue In myPrintQueues
    pq.Refresh()
    Dim jobs As PrintJobInfoCollection = pq.GetPrintJobInfoCollection()
    For Each job As PrintSystemJobInfo In jobs
        ' Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
        ' present information about each job the user has submitted.
        If job.Submitter = userName Then
            atLeastOne = True
            jobList = jobList & vbLf & "Server:" & line
            jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & "Queue:" & pq.Name
            jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & "Location:" & pq.Location
            jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & vbTab & "Job: " & job.JobName & " ID: " & job.JobIdentifier
        End If
    Next job ' end for each print job

Next pq ' end for each print queue

下一代码示例在步骤 2 提取应用程序。 （请参阅上文。）已标识有问题的作业，应用程序会提示提供用于标识该作业的信息。 它从此信息中创建 PrintServer、PrintQueue 和 PrintSystemJobInfo 对象。

此时，应用程序包含一个分支结构，该结构对应于检查打印作业状态的两种方法：

此示例将演示这两种方法，以便预先提示用户要使用哪种方法，且如果用户想要使用 JobStatus 属性的标记，则将收到回复“y”。 请参阅以下有关这两种方法的详细信息。 最后，该应用程序使用一种名为 ReportQueueAndJobAvailability 的方法来报告是否可以在一天的此时打印该作业。 确定此时是否可以打印一项打印作业中就此方法进行了讨论。

// When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console::Write("\nEnter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\\\): " + "\n(press Return for the current computer \\\\{0}): ", Environment::MachineName);
String^ pServer = Console::ReadLine();
if (pServer == "")
{
   pServer = "\\\\" + Environment::MachineName;
}
Console::Write("\nEnter the print queue hosting the job: ");
String^ pQueue = Console::ReadLine();
Console::Write("\nEnter the job ID: ");
Int16 jobID = Convert::ToInt16(Console::ReadLine());

// Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
PrintServer^ hostingServer = gcnew PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministrateServer);
PrintQueue^ hostingQueue = gcnew PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministratePrinter);
PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob = hostingQueue->GetJob(jobID);

if (useAttributesResponse == "Y")
{
   TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob);
   // TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
} else
{
   TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob);
}

TroubleSpotter::ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob);

// When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console.Write("\nEnter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\\\): " +
"\n(press Return for the current computer \\\\{0}): ", Environment.MachineName);
String pServer = Console.ReadLine();
if (pServer == "")
{
    pServer = "\\\\" +Environment.MachineName;
}
Console.Write("\nEnter the print queue hosting the job: ");
String pQueue = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("\nEnter the job ID: ");
Int16 jobID = Convert.ToInt16(Console.ReadLine());

// Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
PrintServer hostingServer = new PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer);
PrintQueue hostingQueue = new PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministratePrinter);
PrintSystemJobInfo theJob = hostingQueue.GetJob(jobID);

if (useAttributesResponse == "Y")
{
    TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob);
    // TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
}
else
{
    TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob);
}

TroubleSpotter.ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob);

' When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\): " & vbLf & "(press Return for the current computer \\{0}): ", Environment.MachineName)
Dim pServer As String = Console.ReadLine()
If pServer = "" Then
    pServer = "\\" & Environment.MachineName
End If
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the print queue hosting the job: ")
Dim pQueue As String = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the job ID: ")
Dim jobID As Int16 = Convert.ToInt16(Console.ReadLine())

' Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
Dim hostingServer As New PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer)
Dim hostingQueue As New PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministratePrinter)
Dim theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo = hostingQueue.GetJob(jobID)

If useAttributesResponse = "Y" Then
    TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob)
    ' TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
Else
    TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob)
End If

TroubleSpotter.ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob)

若要使用 JobStatus 属性的标记检查打印作业状态，请检查每个相关标记以查看是否已设置。 检查是否在一组位标志中设置了一个位的标准方法是执行一个逻辑 AND 运算，其中将该组标志作为一个操作数，将标志本身作为另一操作数。 由于该标志本身仅设置一个位，因此逻辑 AND 的结果至多为设置了该相同位。 若要查明事实是否如此，只需将逻辑 AND 的结果与标志本身进行比较。 有关详细信息，请参阅 PrintJobStatus、& 运算符（C# 参考）和 FlagsAttribute。

对于已设置了其位的每个属性，代码会将此报告给控制台屏幕，有时还会建议如何响应。 （下面讨论了作业或队列暂停时所调用的 HandlePausedJob 方法。）

// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
static void SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob) 
{
   if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Blocked) == PrintJobStatus::Blocked)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
   }
   if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Completed) == PrintJobStatus::Completed)
      || 
      ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Printed) == PrintJobStatus::Printed))
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
   }
   if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Deleted) == PrintJobStatus::Deleted)
      || 
      ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Deleting) == PrintJobStatus::Deleting))
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
   }
   if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Error) == PrintJobStatus::Error)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job has errored.");
   }
   if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Offline) == PrintJobStatus::Offline)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
   }
   if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::PaperOut) == PrintJobStatus::PaperOut)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
   }
   if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Paused) == PrintJobStatus::Paused)
      || 
      ((theJob->HostingPrintQueue->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Paused) == PrintQueueStatus::Paused))
   {
      HandlePausedJob(theJob);
      //HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
   }

   if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Printing) == PrintJobStatus::Printing)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
   }
   if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Spooling) == PrintJobStatus::Spooling)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
   }
   if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::UserIntervention) == PrintJobStatus::UserIntervention)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
   }
};

// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
    if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Blocked) == PrintJobStatus.Blocked)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
    }
    if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Completed) == PrintJobStatus.Completed)
        ||
        ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Printed) == PrintJobStatus.Printed))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
    }
    if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Deleted) == PrintJobStatus.Deleted)
        ||
        ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Deleting) == PrintJobStatus.Deleting))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
    }
    if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Error) == PrintJobStatus.Error)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.");
    }
    if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Offline) == PrintJobStatus.Offline)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
    }
    if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.PaperOut) == PrintJobStatus.PaperOut)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
    }

    if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Paused) == PrintJobStatus.Paused)
        ||
        ((theJob.HostingPrintQueue.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Paused) == PrintQueueStatus.Paused))
    {
        HandlePausedJob(theJob);
        //HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
    }

    if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Printing) == PrintJobStatus.Printing)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
    }
    if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Spooling) == PrintJobStatus.Spooling)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
    }
    if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention) == PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
    }
}//end SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes

' Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
    If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Blocked) = PrintJobStatus.Blocked Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.")
    End If
    If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Completed) = PrintJobStatus.Completed) OrElse ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Printed) = PrintJobStatus.Printed) Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.")
    End If
    If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Deleted) = PrintJobStatus.Deleted) OrElse ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Deleting) = PrintJobStatus.Deleting) Then
        Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.")
    End If
    If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Error) = PrintJobStatus.Error Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.")
    End If
    If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Offline) = PrintJobStatus.Offline Then
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.")
    End If
    If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.PaperOut) = PrintJobStatus.PaperOut Then
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.")
    End If

    If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Paused) = PrintJobStatus.Paused) OrElse ((theJob.HostingPrintQueue.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Paused) = PrintQueueStatus.Paused) Then
        HandlePausedJob(theJob)
        'HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
    End If

    If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Printing) = PrintJobStatus.Printing Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.")
    End If
    If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Spooling) = PrintJobStatus.Spooling Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.")
    End If
    If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention) = PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention Then
        Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.")
    End If

End Sub

若要使用单独的属性检查打印作业状态，只需读取每个属性，如果属性为 true，则报告给控制台屏幕，并建议一种可能的响应方式。 （下面讨论了作业或队列暂停时所调用的 HandlePausedJob 方法。）

// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob) 
{
   if (theJob->IsBlocked)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
   }
   if (theJob->IsCompleted || theJob->IsPrinted)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
   }
   if (theJob->IsDeleted || theJob->IsDeleting)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
   }
   if (theJob->IsInError)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job has errored.");
   }
   if (theJob->IsOffline)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
   }
   if (theJob->IsPaperOut)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
   }

   if (theJob->IsPaused || theJob->HostingPrintQueue->IsPaused)
   {
      HandlePausedJob(theJob);
      //HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
   }

   if (theJob->IsPrinting)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
   }
   if (theJob->IsSpooling)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
   }
   if (theJob->IsUserInterventionRequired)
   {
      Console::WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
   }
};

// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
    if (theJob.IsBlocked)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
    }
    if (theJob.IsCompleted || theJob.IsPrinted)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
    }
    if (theJob.IsDeleted || theJob.IsDeleting)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
    }
    if (theJob.IsInError)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.");
    }
    if (theJob.IsOffline)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
    }
    if (theJob.IsPaperOut)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
    }

    if (theJob.IsPaused || theJob.HostingPrintQueue.IsPaused)
    {
        HandlePausedJob(theJob);
        //HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
    }

    if (theJob.IsPrinting)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
    }
    if (theJob.IsSpooling)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
    }
    if (theJob.IsUserInterventionRequired)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
    }
}//end SpotTroubleUsingProperties

' Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
    If theJob.IsBlocked Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.")
    End If
    If theJob.IsCompleted OrElse theJob.IsPrinted Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.")
    End If
    If theJob.IsDeleted OrElse theJob.IsDeleting Then
        Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.")
    End If
    If theJob.IsInError Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.")
    End If
    If theJob.IsOffline Then
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.")
    End If
    If theJob.IsPaperOut Then
        Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.")
    End If

    If theJob.IsPaused OrElse theJob.HostingPrintQueue.IsPaused Then
        HandlePausedJob(theJob)
        'HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
    End If

    If theJob.IsPrinting Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.")
    End If
    If theJob.IsSpooling Then
        Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.")
    End If
    If theJob.IsUserInterventionRequired Then
        Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.")
    End If

End Sub

使用 HandlePausedJob 方法，应用程序的用户能够远程恢复暂停的作业。 由于可能存在一个充分的暂停打印队列的理由，因此该方法会首先提示用户是否确实要恢复该作业。 如果答案是“y”，则调用 PrintQueue.Resume 方法。

接下来，系统会提示用户是否确实要继续执行作业，这么做是考虑到这个作业可能是独立于队列中的其他作业被单独暂停的。 （比较 PrintQueue.IsPaused 和 PrintSystemJobInfo.IsPaused）如果答案是“y”，则调用 PrintSystemJobInfo.Resume否则调用 Cancel。

static void HandlePausedJob (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob) 
{
   // If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and 
   // give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
   Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" + "\nhas paused the job or queue." + "\nResume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" + "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume, otherwise press return: ");
   String^ resume = Console::ReadLine();
   if (resume == "Y")
   {
      theJob->HostingPrintQueue->Resume();

      // It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
      Console::WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" + "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ");
      String^ userDecision = Console::ReadLine();
      if (userDecision == "Y")
      {
         theJob->Resume();
      } else
      {
         theJob->Cancel();
      }
   }
};

internal static void HandlePausedJob(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
    // If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and
    // give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
    Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" +
         "\nhas paused the job or queue." +
         "\nResume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" +
         "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume, otherwise press return: ");
    String resume = Console.ReadLine();
    if (resume == "Y")
    {
        theJob.HostingPrintQueue.Resume();

        // It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
        Console.WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" +
            "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ");
        String userDecision = Console.ReadLine();
        if (userDecision == "Y")
        {
            theJob.Resume();
        }
        else
        {
            theJob.Cancel();
        }
    }//end if the queue should be resumed
}//end HandlePausedJob

Friend Shared Sub HandlePausedJob(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
    ' If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and 
    ' give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
    Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" & vbLf & "has paused the job or queue." & vbLf & "Resume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" & vbLf & "Enter ""Y"" to resume, otherwise press return: ")
    Dim [resume] As String = Console.ReadLine()
    If [resume] = "Y" Then
        theJob.HostingPrintQueue.Resume()

        ' It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
        Console.WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" & vbLf & "Enter ""Y"" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ")
        Dim userDecision As String = Console.ReadLine()
        If userDecision = "Y" Then
            theJob.Resume()
        Else
            theJob.Cancel()
        End If
    End If 'end if the queue should be resumed

End Sub

另请参阅