System.Console 类
本文提供了此 API 参考文档的补充说明。
控制台是一个操作系统窗口，用户可通过计算机键盘输入文本以及从计算机终端读取文本输出来与操作系统或基于文本的控制台应用程序进行交互。 例如，在 Windows 操作系统中，控制台称为命令提示符窗口并接受 MS-DOS 命令。 该 Console 类为从控制台读取字符以及向其写入字符的应用程序提供基本支持。
控制台 I/O 流
当控制台应用程序启动时，操作系统会自动将三个 I/O 流与控制台相关联：标准输入流、标准输出流和标准错误输出流。 应用程序可以从标准输入流读取用户输入;将普通数据写入标准输出流;并将错误数据写入标准错误输出流。 这些流作为值 Console.In呈现给应用程序， Console.Out以及 Console.Error 属性。
默认情况下，属性的值In是表示System.IO.TextReader键盘的对象，属性的值OutError是System.IO.TextWriter表示控制台窗口的对象。 但是，可以将这些属性设置为不表示控制台窗口或键盘的流;例如，可以将这些属性设置为表示文件的流。 若要重定向标准输入、标准输出或标准错误流，请分别调用Console.SetIn或Console.SetOutConsole.SetError方法。 使用这些流的 I/O 操作会同步，这意味着多个线程可以读取或写入流。 这意味着，如果对象表示控制台流，则通常异步的方法（例如 TextReader.ReadLineAsync）同步执行。
注意
不要使用 Console 类在无人参与的应用程序（如服务器应用程序）中显示输出。 对方法的调用（例如 Console.Write ，在 Console.WriteLine GUI 应用程序中不起作用）。
Console 当基础流定向到控制台时正常工作的类成员在将流重定向到文件时，可能会引发异常。 如果重定向标准流，请对应用程序进行编程以捕获 System.IO.IOException 异常。 还可以使用IsOutputRedirected和IsInputRedirectedIsErrorRedirected属性来确定在执行引发System.IO.IOException异常的操作之前是否重定向标准流。
有时，显式调用由 In属性 Out和 Error 属性表示的流对象的成员会很有用。 例如，默认情况下，该方法 Console.ReadLine 从标准输入流读取输入。 同样，该方法 Console.WriteLine 将数据写入标准输出流，数据后跟默认行终止字符串，可在以下位置 Environment.NewLine找到。 但是，该 Console 类不提供相应的方法将数据写入标准错误输出流，也不提供用于更改写入该流的数据的行终止字符串的属性。
可以通过将 or Error 属性的属性Out设置为TextWriter.NewLine另一行终止字符串来解决此问题。 例如，以下 C# 语句将标准错误输出流的行终止字符串设置为两个回车符序列和换行序列：
Console.Error.NewLine = "\r\n\r\n";
然后，可以显式调用 WriteLine 错误输出流对象的方法，如以下 C# 语句所示：
Console.Error.WriteLine();
屏幕缓冲区和控制台窗口
主机的两个密切相关的功能是屏幕缓冲区和控制台窗口。 文本实际上是从主机拥有的流中读取或写入的，但似乎是从控制台拥有的区域中读取或写入的，称为屏幕缓冲区。 屏幕缓冲区是控制台的属性，组织为行和列的矩形网格，其中每个网格交集或字符单元格可以包含一个字符。 每个字符都有自己的前景色，每个字符单元格都有自己的背景色。
屏幕缓冲区通过称为控制台窗口的矩形区域进行查看。 控制台窗口是控制台的另一个属性;它不是控制台本身，它是操作系统窗口。 控制台窗口按行和列排列，小于或等于屏幕缓冲区的大小，并且可以移动以查看基础屏幕缓冲区的不同区域。 如果屏幕缓冲区大于控制台窗口，控制台会自动显示滚动条，以便控制台窗口可以重新定位到屏幕缓冲区区域。
光标指示当前读取或写入文本的屏幕缓冲区位置。 光标可以隐藏或可见，并且可以更改其高度。 如果光标可见，则会自动移动控制台窗口位置，以便光标始终处于视图中。
屏幕缓冲区中字符单元格坐标的原点为左上角，光标和控制台窗口的位置相对于该原点进行测量。 使用从零开始的索引指定位置;即，将最顶层的行指定为第 0 行，并将最左侧的列指定为第 0 列。 行索引和列索引的最大值为 Int16.MaxValue。
控制台的 Unicode 支持
通常，控制台使用当前控制台代码页读取输入并写入输出，默认情况下系统区域设置定义该页。 代码页只能处理可用 Unicode 字符的子集，因此，如果尝试显示未由特定代码页映射的字符，控制台将无法显示所有字符或准确表示它们。 以下示例阐释了此问题。 它尝试将西里尔文字母表的字符从 U+0410 到 U+044F 显示到控制台。 如果在使用控制台代码页 437 的系统上运行该示例，则每个字符都将替换为问号（？），因为西里尔文字符不映射到代码页 437 中的字符。
using System;
public class Example3
{
public static void Main()
{
// Create a Char array for the modern Cyrillic alphabet,
// from U+0410 to U+044F.
int nChars = 0x044F - 0x0410 + 1;
char[] chars = new char[nChars];
ushort codePoint = 0x0410;
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < chars.Length; ctr++)
{
chars[ctr] = (char)codePoint;
codePoint++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Current code page: {0}\n",
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage);
// Display the characters.
foreach (var ch in chars)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", ch);
if (Console.CursorLeft >= 70)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Current code page: 437
//
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
' Create a Char array for the modern Cyrillic alphabet,
' from U+0410 to U+044F.
Dim nChars As Integer = &h44F - &h0410
Dim chars(nChars) As Char
Dim codePoint As UInt16 = &h0410
For ctr As Integer = 0 To chars.Length - 1
chars(ctr) = ChrW(codePoint)
codePoint += CType(1, UShort)
Next
Console.WriteLine("Current code page: {0}",
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage)
Console.WriteLine()
' Display the characters.
For Each ch In chars
Console.Write("{0} ", ch)
If Console.CursorLeft >= 70 Then Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' Current code page: 437
'
' ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
' ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
' ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
open System
// Create a char List for the modern Cyrillic alphabet,
// from U+0410 to U+044F.
let chars =
[ for codePoint in 0x0410 .. 0x044F do
Convert.ToChar codePoint ]
printfn "Current code page: %i\n" Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage
// Display the characters.
for ch in chars do
printf "%c " ch
if Console.CursorLeft >= 70 then Console.WriteLine()
// The example displays the following output:
// Current code page: 437
//
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
除了支持代码页之外， Console 该类还支持使用类进行 UTF8Encoding UTF-8 编码。 从 .NET Framework 4.5 开始，该 Console 类还支持使用类进行 UnicodeEncoding UTF-16 编码。 向控制台显示 Unicode 字符。 将 OutputEncoding 属性设置为或 UTF8EncodingUnicodeEncoding。
对 Unicode 字符的支持要求编码器识别特定的 Unicode 字符，并且还需要具有呈现该字符所需的字形的字体。 若要成功向主机显示 Unicode 字符，主机字体必须设置为非光栅或 TrueType 字体，例如 Consolas 或 Lucida Console。 以下示例演示如何以编程方式将字体从光栅字体更改为 Lucida 控制台。
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
public class Example2
{
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(
IntPtr consoleOutput,
bool maximumWindow,
ref CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX lpConsoleCurrentFontEx);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(
IntPtr consoleOutput,
bool maximumWindow,
CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX consoleCurrentFontEx);
private const int STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11;
private const int TMPF_TRUETYPE = 4;
private const int LF_FACESIZE = 32;
private static IntPtr INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = new IntPtr(-1);
public static unsafe void Main()
{
string fontName = "Lucida Console";
IntPtr hnd = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if (hnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX info = new CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX();
info.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(info);
bool tt = false;
// First determine whether there's already a TrueType font.
if (GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, ref info))
{
tt = (info.FontFamily & TMPF_TRUETYPE) == TMPF_TRUETYPE;
if (tt)
{
Console.WriteLine("The console already is using a TrueType font.");
return;
}
// Set console font to Lucida Console.
CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX newInfo = new CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX();
newInfo.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(newInfo);
newInfo.FontFamily = TMPF_TRUETYPE;
IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(newInfo.FaceName);
Marshal.Copy(fontName.ToCharArray(), 0, ptr, fontName.Length);
// Get some settings from current font.
newInfo.dwFontSize = new COORD(info.dwFontSize.X, info.dwFontSize.Y);
newInfo.FontWeight = info.FontWeight;
SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, newInfo);
}
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct COORD
{
internal short X;
internal short Y;
internal COORD(short x, short y)
{
X = x;
Y = y;
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal unsafe struct CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX
{
internal uint cbSize;
internal uint nFont;
internal COORD dwFontSize;
internal int FontFamily;
internal int FontWeight;
internal fixed char FaceName[LF_FACESIZE];
}
}
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Public Module Example5
' <DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)>
Private Declare Function GetStdHandle Lib "Kernel32" (
nStdHandle As Integer) As IntPtr
' [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
Private Declare Function GetCurrentConsoleFontEx Lib "Kernel32" (
consoleOutput As IntPtr,
maximumWindow As Boolean,
ByRef lpConsoleCurrentFontEx As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX) As Boolean
' [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
Private Declare Function SetCurrentConsoleFontEx Lib "Kernel32" (
consoleOutput As IntPtr,
maximumWindow As Boolean,
consoleCurrentFontEx As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX) As Boolean
Private Const STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE As Integer = -11
Private Const TMPF_TRUETYPE As Integer = 4
Private Const LF_FACESIZE As Integer = 32
Private INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE As IntPtr = New IntPtr(-1)
Public Sub Main()
Dim fontName As String = "Lucida Console"
Dim hnd As IntPtr = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
If hnd <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE Then
Dim info As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX = New CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
info.cbSize = CUInt(Marshal.SizeOf(info))
Dim tt As Boolean = False
' First determine whether there's already a TrueType font.
If GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, False, info) Then
tt = (info.FontFamily And TMPF_TRUETYPE) = TMPF_TRUETYPE
If tt Then
Console.WriteLine("The console already is using a TrueType font.")
Return
End If
' Set console font to Lucida Console.
Dim newInfo As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX = New CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
newInfo.cbSize = CUInt(Marshal.SizeOf(newInfo))
newInfo.FontFamily = TMPF_TRUETYPE
newInfo.FaceName = fontName
' Get some settings from current font.
newInfo.dwFontSize = New COORD(info.dwFontSize.X, info.dwFontSize.Y)
newInfo.FontWeight = info.FontWeight
SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, False, newInfo)
End If
End If
End Sub
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> Friend Structure COORD
Friend X As Short
Friend Y As Short
Friend Sub New(x As Short, y As Short)
Me.X = x
Me.Y = y
End Sub
End Structure
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet:=CharSet.Unicode)> Friend Structure CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX
Friend cbSize As UInteger
Friend nFont As UInteger
Friend dwFontSize As COORD
Friend FontFamily As Integer
Friend FontWeight As Integer
<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst:=32)> Friend FaceName As String
End Structure
End Module
module Example
open System
open System.Runtime.InteropServices
[<Literal>]
let STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
[<Literal>]
let TMPF_TRUETYPE = 4
[<Literal>]
let LF_FACESIZE = 32
let INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = IntPtr(-1)
[<Struct>]
[<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)>]
type COORD =
val mutable X: int16
val mutable Y: int16
internal new(x: int16, y: int16) =
{ X = x
Y = y }
[<Struct>]
[<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)>]
type CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX =
val mutable cbSize: uint32
val mutable nFont: uint32
val mutable dwFontSize: COORD
val mutable FontFamily: int
val mutable FontWeight: int
[<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)>]
val mutable FaceName: string
[<DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)>]
extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle)
[<DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)>]
extern bool GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(IntPtr consoleOutput, bool maximumWindow, CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX lpConsoleCurrentFontEx)
[<DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)>]
extern bool SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(IntPtr consoleOutput, bool maximumWindow, CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX consoleCurrentFontEx)
[<EntryPoint>]
let main argv =
let fontName = "Lucida Console"
let hnd = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
if hnd <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
let mutable info = CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
info.cbSize <- uint32 (Marshal.SizeOf(info))
// First determine whether there's already a TrueType font.
if (GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, info)) then
if (((info.FontFamily) &&& TMPF_TRUETYPE) = TMPF_TRUETYPE) then
Console.WriteLine("The console already is using a TrueType font.")
else
// Set console font to Lucida Console.
let mutable newInfo = CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
newInfo.cbSize <- uint32 (Marshal.SizeOf(newInfo))
newInfo.FontFamily <- TMPF_TRUETYPE
newInfo.FaceName <- fontName
// Get some settings from current font.
newInfo.dwFontSize <- COORD(info.dwFontSize.X, info.dwFontSize.Y)
newInfo.FontWeight <- info.FontWeight
SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, newInfo) |> ignore
Console.WriteLine("The console is now using a TrueType font.")
// Return zero for success
0
但是，TrueType 字体只能显示字形子集。 例如，Lucida Console 字体仅显示大约 64,000 个字符中的 64,000 个字符，从 U+0021 到 U+FB02。 若要查看特定字体支持哪些字符，请在控制面板中打开字体小程序，选择“查找字符”选项，然后选择要在“字符映射”窗口的“字体”列表中检查其字符集的字体。
Windows 使用字体链接来显示特定字体中不可用的字形。 有关显示其他字符集的字体链接的信息，请参阅 全球化分步说明：字体。 链接字体在注册表的 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink 子项中定义。 与此子项关联的每个条目对应于基字体的名称，其值是一个字符串数组，用于定义字体文件和链接到基字体的字体。 数组的每个成员定义一个链接的字体，并采用字体文件名、font-name 格式。 以下示例演示了如何以编程方式定义名为 SimSun 的链接字体，该字体在名为 simsun.ttc 的字体文件中显示简化汉字。
using Microsoft.Win32;
using System;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
string valueName = "Lucida Console";
string newFont = "simsun.ttc,SimSun";
string[] fonts = null;
RegistryValueKind kind = 0;
bool toAdd;
RegistryKey key = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(
@"Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink",
true);
if (key == null) {
Console.WriteLine("Font linking is not enabled.");
}
else {
// Determine if the font is a base font.
string[] names = key.GetValueNames();
if (Array.Exists(names, s => s.Equals(valueName,
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))) {
// Get the value's type.
kind = key.GetValueKind(valueName);
// Type should be RegistryValueKind.MultiString, but we can't be sure.
switch (kind) {
case RegistryValueKind.String:
fonts = new string[] { (string) key.GetValue(valueName) };
break;
case RegistryValueKind.MultiString:
fonts = (string[]) key.GetValue(valueName);
break;
case RegistryValueKind.None:
// Do nothing.
fonts = new string[] { };
break;
}
// Determine whether SimSun is a linked font.
if (Array.FindIndex(fonts, s =>s.IndexOf("SimSun",
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >=0) >= 0) {
Console.WriteLine("Font is already linked.");
toAdd = false;
}
else {
// Font is not a linked font.
toAdd = true;
}
}
else {
// Font is not a base font.
toAdd = true;
fonts = new string[] { };
}
if (toAdd) {
Array.Resize(ref fonts, fonts.Length + 1);
fonts[fonts.GetUpperBound(0)] = newFont;
// Change REG_SZ to REG_MULTI_SZ.
if (kind == RegistryValueKind.String)
key.DeleteValue(valueName, false);
key.SetValue(valueName, fonts, RegistryValueKind.MultiString);
Console.WriteLine("SimSun added to the list of linked fonts.");
}
}
if (key != null) key.Close();
}
}
Imports Microsoft.Win32
Module Example2
Public Sub Main()
Dim valueName As String = "Lucida Console"
Dim newFont As String = "simsun.ttc,SimSun"
Dim fonts() As String = Nothing
Dim kind As RegistryValueKind
Dim toAdd As Boolean
Dim key As RegistryKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(
"Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink",
True)
If key Is Nothing Then
Console.WriteLine("Font linking is not enabled.")
Else
' Determine if the font is a base font.
Dim names() As String = key.GetValueNames()
If Array.Exists(names, Function(s) s.Equals(valueName,
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) Then
' Get the value's type.
kind = key.GetValueKind(valueName)
' Type should be RegistryValueKind.MultiString, but we can't be sure.
Select Case kind
Case RegistryValueKind.String
fonts = {CStr(key.GetValue(valueName))}
Case RegistryValueKind.MultiString
fonts = CType(key.GetValue(valueName), String())
Case RegistryValueKind.None
' Do nothing.
fonts = {}
End Select
' Determine whether SimSun is a linked font.
If Array.FindIndex(fonts, Function(s) s.IndexOf("SimSun",
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0) >= 0 Then
Console.WriteLine("Font is already linked.")
toAdd = False
Else
' Font is not a linked font.
toAdd = True
End If
Else
' Font is not a base font.
toAdd = True
fonts = {}
End If
If toAdd Then
Array.Resize(fonts, fonts.Length + 1)
fonts(fonts.GetUpperBound(0)) = newFont
' Change REG_SZ to REG_MULTI_SZ.
If kind = RegistryValueKind.String Then
key.DeleteValue(valueName, False)
End If
key.SetValue(valueName, fonts, RegistryValueKind.MultiString)
Console.WriteLine("SimSun added to the list of linked fonts.")
End If
End If
If key IsNot Nothing Then key.Close()
End Sub
End Module
open System
open Microsoft.Win32
let valueName = "Lucida Console"
let newFont = "simsun.ttc,SimSun"
let key =
Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink", true)
if isNull key then
printfn "Font linking is not enabled."
else
// Determine if the font is a base font.
let names = key.GetValueNames()
let (fonts, kind, toAdd) =
if names |> Array.exists (fun s -> s.Equals(valueName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) then
// Get the value's type.
let kind = key.GetValueKind(valueName)
// Type should be RegistryValueKind.MultiString, but we can't be sure.
let fonts =
match kind with
| RegistryValueKind.String -> [| key.GetValue(valueName) :?> string |]
| RegistryValueKind.MultiString -> (key.GetValue(valueName) :?> string array)
| _ -> [||]
// Determine whether SimSun is a linked font.
let toAdd =
not (fonts |> Array.exists (fun s -> s.IndexOf("SimSun", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0))
(fonts, kind, toAdd)
else
// Font is not a base font.
([||], RegistryValueKind.Unknown, true)
if toAdd then
// Font is not a linked font.
let newFonts = Array.append fonts [| newFont |]
// Change REG_SZ to REG_MULTI_SZ.
if kind = RegistryValueKind.String then key.DeleteValue(valueName, false)
key.SetValue(valueName, newFonts, RegistryValueKind.MultiString)
printfn "SimSun added to the list of linked fonts."
else
printfn "Font is already linked."
if not (isNull key) then key.Close()
对控制台的 Unicode 支持具有以下限制：
不支持 UTF-32 编码。 唯一支持的 Unicode 编码是 UTF-8 和 UTF-16，分别由 UTF8Encoding 和 UnicodeEncoding 类表示。
不支持双向输出。
不支持在基本多语言平面之外显示字符（即代理项对），即使它们在链接的字体文件中定义也是如此。
不支持在复杂脚本中显示字符。
组合字符序列（即由基字符和一个或多个组合字符组成的字符）显示为单独的字符。 若要解决此限制，可以在将输出发送到控制台之前调用 String.Normalize 方法来规范化要显示的字符串。 在下面的示例中，包含组合字符序列 U+0061 U+0308 的字符串在规范化输出字符串之前显示为两个字符，并在调用方法后 String.Normalize 显示为单个字符。
using System; using System.IO; public class Example1 { public static void Main() { char[] chars = { '\u0061', '\u0308' }; string combining = new String(chars); Console.WriteLine(combining); combining = combining.Normalize(); Console.WriteLine(combining); } } // The example displays the following output: // a" // äModule Example3 Public Sub Main() Dim chars() As Char = {ChrW(&H61), ChrW(&H308)} Dim combining As String = New String(chars) Console.WriteLine(combining) combining = combining.Normalize() Console.WriteLine(combining) End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' a" ' äopen System let chars = [| '\u0061'; '\u0308' |] let combining = String chars Console.WriteLine combining let combining2 = combining.Normalize() Console.WriteLine combining2 // The example displays the following output: // a" // ä仅当字符的 Unicode 标准包含与特定组合字符序列相对应的预组合窗体时，规范化才可行。
如果字体为专用使用区域中的代码点提供字形，则会显示该字形。 但是，由于专用使用区域中的字符特定于应用程序，因此这不是预期的字形。
以下示例向控制台显示一系列 Unicode 字符。 该示例接受三个命令行参数：要显示的范围的开头、要显示的范围的末尾，以及是使用当前控制台编码（false）还是 UTF-16 编码（true）。 它假定主机使用的是 TrueType 字体。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text;
public static class DisplayChars
{
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
uint rangeStart = 0;
uint rangeEnd = 0;
bool setOutputEncodingToUnicode = true;
// Get the current encoding so we can restore it.
Encoding originalOutputEncoding = Console.OutputEncoding;
try
{
switch(args.Length)
{
case 2:
rangeStart = uint.Parse(args[0], NumberStyles.HexNumber);
rangeEnd = uint.Parse(args[1], NumberStyles.HexNumber);
setOutputEncodingToUnicode = true;
break;
case 3:
if (! uint.TryParse(args[0], NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out rangeStart))
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args[0]));
if (!uint.TryParse(args[1], NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out rangeEnd))
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args[1]));
bool.TryParse(args[2], out setOutputEncodingToUnicode);
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Usage: {0} <{1}> <{2}> [{3}]",
Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[0],
"startingCodePointInHex",
"endingCodePointInHex",
"<setOutputEncodingToUnicode?{true|false, default:false}>");
return;
}
if (setOutputEncodingToUnicode) {
// This won't work before .NET Framework 4.5.
try {
// Set encoding using endianness of this system.
// We're interested in displaying individual Char objects, so
// we don't want a Unicode BOM or exceptions to be thrown on
// invalid Char values.
Console.OutputEncoding = new UnicodeEncoding(! BitConverter.IsLittleEndian, false);
Console.WriteLine("\nOutput encoding set to UTF-16");
}
catch (IOException) {
Console.OutputEncoding = new UTF8Encoding();
Console.WriteLine("Output encoding set to UTF-8");
}
}
else {
Console.WriteLine("The console encoding is {0} (code page {1})",
Console.OutputEncoding.EncodingName,
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage);
}
DisplayRange(rangeStart, rangeEnd);
}
catch (ArgumentException ex) {
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally {
// Restore console environment.
Console.OutputEncoding = originalOutputEncoding;
}
}
public static void DisplayRange(uint start, uint end)
{
const uint upperRange = 0x10FFFF;
const uint surrogateStart = 0xD800;
const uint surrogateEnd = 0xDFFF;
if (end <= start) {
uint t = start;
start = end;
end = t;
}
// Check whether the start or end range is outside of last plane.
if (start > upperRange)
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{1:X5})",
start, upperRange));
if (end > upperRange)
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{0:X5})",
end, upperRange));
// Since we're using 21-bit code points, we can't use U+D800 to U+DFFF.
if ((start < surrogateStart & end > surrogateStart) || (start >= surrogateStart & start <= surrogateEnd ))
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5}-0x{1:X5} includes the surrogate pair range 0x{2:X5}-0x{3:X5}",
start, end, surrogateStart, surrogateEnd));
uint last = RoundUpToMultipleOf(0x10, end);
uint first = RoundDownToMultipleOf(0x10, start);
uint rows = (last - first) / 0x10;
for (uint r = 0; r < rows; ++r) {
// Display the row header.
Console.Write("{0:x5} ", first + 0x10 * r);
for (uint c = 0; c < 0x10; ++c) {
uint cur = (first + 0x10 * r + c);
if (cur < start) {
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
}
else if (end < cur) {
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
}
else {
// the cast to int is safe, since we know that val <= upperRange.
String chars = Char.ConvertFromUtf32( (int) cur);
// Display a space for code points that are not valid characters.
if (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) ==
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned)
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
// Display a space for code points in the private use area.
else if (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) ==
UnicodeCategory.PrivateUse)
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
// Is surrogate pair a valid character?
// Note that the console will interpret the high and low surrogate
// as separate (and unrecognizable) characters.
else if (chars.Length > 1 && CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars, 0) ==
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned)
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
else
Console.Write($" {chars} ");
}
switch (c) {
case 3: case 11:
Console.Write("-");
break;
case 7:
Console.Write("--");
break;
}
}
Console.WriteLine();
if (0 < r && r % 0x10 == 0)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private static uint RoundUpToMultipleOf(uint b, uint u)
{
return RoundDownToMultipleOf(b, u) + b;
}
private static uint RoundDownToMultipleOf(uint b, uint u)
{
return u - (u % b);
}
}
// If the example is run with the command line
// DisplayChars 0400 04FF true
// the example displays the Cyrillic character set as follows:
// Output encoding set to UTF-16
// 00400 Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ - Є Ѕ І Ї -- Ј Љ Њ Ћ - Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ
// 00410 А Б В Г - Д Е Ж З -- И Й К Л - М Н О П
// 00420 Р С Т У - Ф Х Ц Ч -- Ш Щ Ъ Ы - Ь Э Ю Я
// 00430 а б в г - д е ж з -- и й к л - м н о п
// 00440 р с т у - ф х ц ч -- ш щ ъ ы - ь э ю я
// 00450 ѐ ё ђ ѓ - є ѕ і ї -- ј љ њ ћ - ќ ѝ ў џ
// 00460 Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ - Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ -- Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ - Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ
// 00470 Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ - Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ -- Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ - Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ
// 00480 Ҁ ҁ ҂ ҃ - ҄ ҅ ҆ ҇ -- ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ - Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ
// 00490 Ґ ґ Ғ ғ - Ҕ ҕ Җ җ -- Ҙ ҙ Қ қ - Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ
// 004a0 Ҡ ҡ Ң ң - Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ -- Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ - Ҭ ҭ Ү ү
// 004b0 Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ - Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ -- Ҹ ҹ Һ һ - Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ
// 004c0 Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ - ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ -- ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ - ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ
// 004d0 Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ - Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ -- Ә ә Ӛ ӛ - Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ
// 004e0 Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ - Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ -- Ө ө Ӫ ӫ - Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ
// 004f0 Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ - Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ -- Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ - Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Globalization
Imports System.Text
Public Module DisplayChars
Public Sub Main(args() As String)
Dim rangeStart As UInteger = 0
Dim rangeEnd As UInteger = 0
Dim setOutputEncodingToUnicode As Boolean = True
' Get the current encoding so we can restore it.
Dim originalOutputEncoding As Encoding = Console.OutputEncoding
Try
Select Case args.Length
Case 2
rangeStart = UInt32.Parse(args(0), NumberStyles.HexNumber)
rangeEnd = UInt32.Parse(args(1), NumberStyles.HexNumber)
setOutputEncodingToUnicode = True
Case 3
If Not UInt32.TryParse(args(0), NumberStyles.HexNumber, Nothing, rangeStart) Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args(0)))
End If
If Not UInt32.TryParse(args(1), NumberStyles.HexNumber, Nothing, rangeEnd) Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args(1)))
End If
Boolean.TryParse(args(2), setOutputEncodingToUnicode)
Case Else
Console.WriteLine("Usage: {0} <{1}> <{2}> [{3}]",
Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()(0),
"startingCodePointInHex",
"endingCodePointInHex",
"<setOutputEncodingToUnicode?{true|false, default:false}>")
Exit Sub
End Select
If setOutputEncodingToUnicode Then
' This won't work before .NET Framework 4.5.
Try
' Set encoding Imports endianness of this system.
' We're interested in displaying individual Char objects, so
' we don't want a Unicode BOM or exceptions to be thrown on
' invalid Char values.
Console.OutputEncoding = New UnicodeEncoding(Not BitConverter.IsLittleEndian, False)
Console.WriteLine("{0}Output encoding set to UTF-16", vbCrLf)
Catch e As IOException
Console.OutputEncoding = New UTF8Encoding()
Console.WriteLine("Output encoding set to UTF-8")
End Try
Else
Console.WriteLine("The console encoding is {0} (code page {1})",
Console.OutputEncoding.EncodingName,
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage)
End If
DisplayRange(rangeStart, rangeEnd)
Catch ex As ArgumentException
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Finally
' Restore console environment.
Console.OutputEncoding = originalOutputEncoding
End Try
End Sub
Public Sub DisplayRange(rangeStart As UInteger, rangeEnd As UInteger)
Const upperRange As UInteger = &h10FFFF
Const surrogateStart As UInteger = &hD800
Const surrogateEnd As UInteger = &hDFFF
If rangeEnd <= rangeStart Then
Dim t As UInteger = rangeStart
rangeStart = rangeEnd
rangeEnd = t
End If
' Check whether the start or end range is outside of last plane.
If rangeStart > upperRange Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{1:X5})",
rangeStart, upperRange))
End If
If rangeEnd > upperRange Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{0:X5})",
rangeEnd, upperRange))
End If
' Since we're using 21-bit code points, we can't use U+D800 to U+DFFF.
If (rangeStart < surrogateStart And rangeEnd > surrogateStart) OrElse (rangeStart >= surrogateStart And rangeStart <= surrogateEnd )
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5}-0x{1:X5} includes the surrogate pair range 0x{2:X5}-0x{3:X5}",
rangeStart, rangeEnd, surrogateStart, surrogateEnd))
End If
Dim last As UInteger = RoundUpToMultipleOf(&h10, rangeEnd)
Dim first As UInteger = RoundDownToMultipleOf(&h10, rangeStart)
Dim rows As UInteger = (last - first) \ &h10
For r As UInteger = 0 To rows - 1
' Display the row header.
Console.Write("{0:x5} ", first + &h10 * r)
For c As UInteger = 1 To &h10
Dim cur As UInteger = first + &h10 * r + c
If cur < rangeStart Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
Else If rangeEnd < cur Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
Else
' the cast to int is safe, since we know that val <= upperRange.
Dim chars As String = Char.ConvertFromUtf32(CInt(cur))
' Display a space for code points that are not valid characters.
If CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars(0)) =
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
' Display a space for code points in the private use area.
Else If CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars(0)) =
UnicodeCategory.PrivateUse Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
' Is surrogate pair a valid character?
' Note that the console will interpret the high and low surrogate
' as separate (and unrecognizable) characters.
Else If chars.Length > 1 AndAlso CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars, 0) =
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
Else
Console.Write(" {0} ", chars)
End If
End If
Select Case c
Case 3, 11
Console.Write("-")
Case 7
Console.Write("--")
End Select
Next
Console.WriteLine()
If 0 < r AndAlso r Mod &h10 = 0
Console.WriteLine()
End If
Next
End Sub
Private Function RoundUpToMultipleOf(b As UInteger, u As UInteger) As UInteger
Return RoundDownToMultipleOf(b, u) + b
End Function
Private Function RoundDownToMultipleOf(b As UInteger, u As UInteger) As UInteger
Return u - (u Mod b)
End Function
End Module
' If the example is run with the command line
' DisplayChars 0400 04FF true
' the example displays the Cyrillic character set as follows:
' Output encoding set to UTF-16
' 00400 Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ - Є Ѕ І Ї -- Ј Љ Њ Ћ - Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ
' 00410 А Б В Г - Д Е Ж З -- И Й К Л - М Н О П
' 00420 Р С Т У - Ф Х Ц Ч -- Ш Щ Ъ Ы - Ь Э Ю Я
' 00430 а б в г - д е ж з -- и й к л - м н о п
' 00440 р с т у - ф х ц ч -- ш щ ъ ы - ь э ю я
' 00450 ѐ ё ђ ѓ - є ѕ і ї -- ј љ њ ћ - ќ ѝ ў џ
' 00460 Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ - Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ -- Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ - Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ
' 00470 Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ - Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ -- Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ - Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ
' 00480 Ҁ ҁ ҂ ҃ - ҄ ҅ ҆ ҇ -- ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ - Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ
' 00490 Ґ ґ Ғ ғ - Ҕ ҕ Җ җ -- Ҙ ҙ Қ қ - Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ
' 004a0 Ҡ ҡ Ң ң - Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ -- Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ - Ҭ ҭ Ү ү
' 004b0 Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ - Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ -- Ҹ ҹ Һ һ - Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ
' 004c0 Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ - ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ -- ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ - ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ
' 004d0 Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ - Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ -- Ә ә Ӛ ӛ - Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ
' 004e0 Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ - Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ -- Ө ө Ӫ ӫ - Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ
' 004f0 Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ - Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ -- Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ - Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ
module DisplayChars
open System
open System.IO
open System.Globalization
open System.Text
type uint = uint32
let inline roundDownToMultipleOf b u = u - (u % b)
let inline roundUpToMultipleOf b u = roundDownToMultipleOf b u |> (+) b
let displayRange (start: uint) (``end``: uint) =
let upperRange = 0x10FFFFu
let surrogateStart = 0xD800u
let surrogateEnd = 0xDFFFu
let start, ``end`` =
if ``end`` <= start then ``end``, start
else start, ``end``
// Check whether the start or end range is outside of last plane.
if start > upperRange then
invalidArg "start"
(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{1:X5})", start, upperRange))
if ``end`` > upperRange then
invalidArg "end"
(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{0:X5})", ``end``, upperRange))
// Since we're using 21-bit code points, we can't use U+D800 to U+DFFF.
if (start < surrogateStart && ``end`` > surrogateStart) || (start >= surrogateStart && start <= surrogateEnd) then
raise
(ArgumentException
(String.Format
("0x{0:X5}-0x{1:X5} includes the surrogate pair range 0x{2:X5}-0x{3:X5}", start, ``end``,
surrogateStart, surrogateEnd)))
let last = roundUpToMultipleOf 0x10u ``end``
let first = roundDownToMultipleOf 0x10u start
let rows = (last - first) / 0x10u
for r in 0u .. (rows - 1u) do
// Display the row header.
printf "%05x " (first + 0x10u * r)
for c in 0u .. (0x10u - 1u) do
let cur = (first + 0x10u * r + c)
if cur < start || ``end`` < cur then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else
// the cast to int is safe, since we know that val <= upperRange.
let chars = Char.ConvertFromUtf32(int cur)
// Display a space for code points that are not valid characters.
if CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) = UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else
// Display a space for code points in the private use area.
if CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) = UnicodeCategory.PrivateUse then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else if chars.Length > 1
&& CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars, 0) = UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else printf " %s " chars
match c with
| 3u
| 11u -> printf "-"
| 7u -> printf "--"
| _ -> ()
Console.WriteLine()
if (0u < r && r % 0x10u = 0u) then Console.WriteLine()
[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
// Get the current encoding so we can restore it.
let originalOutputEncoding = Console.OutputEncoding
try
try
let parsedArgs =
match args.Length with
| 2 ->
Some
{| setOutputEncodingToUnicode = true
rangeStart = uint.Parse(args[0], NumberStyles.HexNumber)
rangeEnd = uint.Parse(args[1], NumberStyles.HexNumber) |}
| 3 ->
let parseHexNumberOrThrow (value: string) parameterName =
(uint.TryParse(value, NumberStyles.HexNumber, null))
|> function
| (false, _) ->
invalidArg parameterName (String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", value))
| (true, value) -> value
let setOutputEncodingToUnicode =
match bool.TryParse args[2] with
| true, value -> value
| false, _ -> true
Some
{| setOutputEncodingToUnicode = setOutputEncodingToUnicode
rangeStart = parseHexNumberOrThrow args[0] "rangeStart"
rangeEnd = parseHexNumberOrThrow args[1] "rangeEnd" |}
| _ ->
printfn "Usage: %s <%s> <%s> [%s]" (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[0]) "startingCodePointInHex"
"endingCodePointInHex" "<setOutputEncodingToUnicode?{true|false, default:false}>"
None
match parsedArgs with
| None -> ()
| Some parsedArgs ->
if parsedArgs.setOutputEncodingToUnicode then
// This won't work before .NET Framework 4.5.
try
// Set encoding using endianness of this system.
// We're interested in displaying individual Char objects, so
// we don't want a Unicode BOM or exceptions to be thrown on
// invalid Char values.
Console.OutputEncoding <- UnicodeEncoding(not BitConverter.IsLittleEndian, false)
printfn "\nOutput encoding set to UTF-16"
with :? IOException ->
printfn "Output encoding set to UTF-8"
Console.OutputEncoding <- UTF8Encoding()
else
printfn "The console encoding is %s (code page %i)" (Console.OutputEncoding.EncodingName)
(Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage)
displayRange parsedArgs.rangeStart parsedArgs.rangeEnd
with :? ArgumentException as ex -> Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
finally
// Restore console environment.
Console.OutputEncoding <- originalOutputEncoding
0
// If the example is run with the command line
// DisplayChars 0400 04FF true
// the example displays the Cyrillic character set as follows:
// Output encoding set to UTF-16
// 00400 Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ - Є Ѕ І Ї -- Ј Љ Њ Ћ - Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ
// 00410 А Б В Г - Д Е Ж З -- И Й К Л - М Н О П
// 00420 Р С Т У - Ф Х Ц Ч -- Ш Щ Ъ Ы - Ь Э Ю Я
// 00430 а б в г - д е ж з -- и й к л - м н о п
// 00440 р с т у - ф х ц ч -- ш щ ъ ы - ь э ю я
// 00450 ѐ ё ђ ѓ - є ѕ і ї -- ј љ њ ћ - ќ ѝ ў џ
// 00460 Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ - Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ -- Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ - Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ
// 00470 Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ - Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ -- Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ - Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ
// 00480 Ҁ ҁ ҂ ҃ - ҄ ҅ ҆ ҇ -- ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ - Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ
// 00490 Ґ ґ Ғ ғ - Ҕ ҕ Җ җ -- Ҙ ҙ Қ қ - Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ
// 004a0 Ҡ ҡ Ң ң - Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ -- Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ - Ҭ ҭ Ү ү
// 004b0 Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ - Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ -- Ҹ ҹ Һ һ - Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ
// 004c0 Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ - ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ -- ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ - ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ
// 004d0 Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ - Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ -- Ә ә Ӛ ӛ - Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ
// 004e0 Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ - Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ -- Ө ө Ӫ ӫ - Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ
// 004f0 Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ - Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ -- Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ - Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ
常见操作
该 Console 类包含以下用于读取控制台输入和写入控制台输出的方法：
方法的 ReadKey 重载读取单个字符。
该方法 ReadLine 读取整个输入行。
该方法 Write 重载将值类型的实例、字符数组或一组对象转换为格式化或未格式化字符串，然后将该字符串写入控制台。
该 Console 类还包含执行以下操作的方法和属性：
获取或设置屏幕缓冲区的大小。 使用 BufferHeight 和 BufferWidth 属性可以分别获取或设置缓冲区高度和宽度，并且 SetBufferSize 该方法允许在单个方法调用中设置缓冲区大小。
获取或设置控制台窗口的大小。 使用 WindowHeight 和 WindowWidth 属性可以分别获取或设置窗口高度和宽度，并且 SetWindowSize 该方法允许在单个方法调用中设置窗口大小。
获取或设置游标的大小。 该 CursorSize 属性指定字符单元格中游标的高度。
获取或设置控制台窗口相对于屏幕缓冲区的位置。 使用 WindowTop 和 WindowLeft 属性，可以获取或设置显示在控制台窗口中的屏幕缓冲区的顶部行和最左侧的列，并且 SetWindowPosition 该方法允许在单个方法调用中设置这些值。
通过获取或设置和CursorLeft属性来获取或设置CursorTop游标的位置，或者通过调用SetCursorPosition方法设置游标的位置。
通过调用 MoveBufferArea 或 Clear 方法在屏幕缓冲区中移动或清除数据。
通过使用 ForegroundColor 和 BackgroundColor 属性获取或设置前景和背景色，或者通过调用 ResetColor 该方法将背景和前景重置为其默认颜色。
通过调用 Beep 方法，通过控制台扬声器播放蜂鸣声。
.NET Core 说明
在桌面上的 .NET Framework 中，Console类使用返回的GetConsoleCPGetConsoleOutputCP编码，这通常是代码页编码。 例如，在区域性为英语（美国）的系统上，代码页 437 是默认使用的编码。 但是，.NET Core 可能只提供这些编码的有限子集。 在这种情况下， Encoding.UTF8 用作控制台的默认编码。
如果你的应用依赖于特定的代码页编码，你仍然可以在调用任何Console方法之前执行以下操作来使其可用：
将 EncodingProvider 对象传递给 Encoding.RegisterProvider 方法，使编码提供程序支持的其他编码可用。
然后，只要在调用任何Console输出方法之前注册了编码提供程序，该Console类将自动使用默认系统编码，而不是 UTF8。
示例
以下示例演示如何从标准输入和输出流读取数据以及将数据写入数据。 请注意，可以使用和SetOut方法重定向SetIn这些流。
using System;
public class Example4
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Hello ");
Console.WriteLine("World!");
Console.Write("Enter your name: ");
string name = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Good day, ");
Console.Write(name);
Console.WriteLine("!");
}
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// Hello World!
// Enter your name: James
// Good day, James!
Public Class Example4
Public Shared Sub Main()
Console.Write("Hello ")
Console.WriteLine("World!")
Console.Write("Enter your name: ")
Dim name As String = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Good day, ")
Console.Write(name)
Console.WriteLine("!")
End Sub
End Class
' The example displays output similar to the following:
' Hello World!
' Enter your name: James
' Good day, James!
module Example
open System
[<EntryPoint>]
let main argv =
Console.Write("Hello ")
Console.WriteLine("World!")
Console.Write("Enter your name: ")
let name = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Good day, ")
Console.Write(name)
Console.WriteLine("!")
0
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// Hello World!
// Enter your name: James
// Good day, James!
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