System.Span<T> 结构

本文提供了此 API 参考文档的补充说明。

类型 Span<T> 是在 堆栈上而不是托管堆上分配的 ref 结构 。 Ref 结构类型具有许多限制,以确保无法将其提升到托管堆,包括无法装箱、不能分配给类型Objectdynamic变量或任何接口类型,它们不能是引用类型的字段,并且不能跨await边界yield使用。 此外,调用两个方法, Equals(Object)GetHashCode引发一个 NotSupportedException

重要

因为它是仅堆栈类型, Span<T> 因此不适用于许多需要存储对堆上的缓冲区的引用的方案。 例如,执行异步方法调用的例程也是如此。 对于此类方案,可以使用互补 System.Memory<T>System.ReadOnlyMemory<T> 类型。

对于表示不可变或只读结构的跨度,请使用 System.ReadOnlySpan<T>

内存

Span<T> 个表示任意内存的连续区域。 Span<T>实例通常用于保存数组或数组的一部分的元素。 但是,与数组不同, Span<T> 实例可以指向堆栈上托管的内存、本机内存或内存。 以下示例从数组创建一个 Span<Byte>

// Create a span over an array.
var array = new byte[100];
var arraySpan = new Span<byte>(array);

byte data = 0;
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < arraySpan.Length; ctr++)
    arraySpan[ctr] = data++;

int arraySum = 0;
foreach (var value in array)
    arraySum += value;

Console.WriteLine($"The sum is {arraySum}");
// Output:  The sum is 4950
// Create a span over an array.
let array = Array.zeroCreate<byte> 100
let arraySpan = Span<byte> array

let mutable data = 0uy
for i = 0 to arraySpan.Length - 1 do
    arraySpan[i] <- data
    data <- data + 1uy

let mutable arraySum = 0
for value in array do
    arraySum <- arraySum + int value

printfn $"The sum is {arraySum}"
// Output:  The sum is 4950

以下示例从 100 字节的本机内存创建:Span<Byte>

// Create a span from native memory.
var native = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(100);
Span<byte> nativeSpan;
unsafe
{
    nativeSpan = new Span<byte>(native.ToPointer(), 100);
}
byte data = 0;
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < nativeSpan.Length; ctr++)
    nativeSpan[ctr] = data++;

int nativeSum = 0;
foreach (var value in nativeSpan)
    nativeSum += value;

Console.WriteLine($"The sum is {nativeSum}");
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(native);
// Output:  The sum is 4950
// Create a span from native memory.
let native = Marshal.AllocHGlobal 100
let nativeSpan = Span<byte>(native.ToPointer(), 100)

let mutable data = 0uy
for i = 0 to nativeSpan.Length - 1 do
    nativeSpan[i] <- data
    data <- data + 1uy

let mutable nativeSum = 0
for value in nativeSpan do
    nativeSum <- nativeSum + int value

printfn $"The sum is {nativeSum}"
Marshal.FreeHGlobal native
// Output:  The sum is 4950

以下示例使用 C# stackalloc 关键字 (keyword)在堆栈上分配 100 字节内存:

// Create a span on the stack.
byte data = 0;
Span<byte> stackSpan = stackalloc byte[100];
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < stackSpan.Length; ctr++)
    stackSpan[ctr] = data++;

int stackSum = 0;
foreach (var value in stackSpan)
    stackSum += value;

Console.WriteLine($"The sum is {stackSum}");
// Output:  The sum is 4950
    // Create a span on the stack.
    let mutable data = 0uy
    let stackSpan = 
        let p = NativeInterop.NativePtr.stackalloc<byte> 100 |> NativeInterop.NativePtr.toVoidPtr
        Span<byte>(p, 100)

    for i = 0 to stackSpan.Length - 1 do
        stackSpan[i] <- data
        data <- data + 1uy

    let mutable stackSum = 0
    for value in stackSpan do
        stackSum <- stackSum + int value

    printfn $"The sum is {stackSum}"
// Output:  The sum is 4950

由于Span<T>是任意内存块的抽象,因此,无论它封装的内存类型如何,具有Span<T>参数的类型和方法的方法Span<T>都会对任何Span<T>对象进行操作。 例如,初始化范围并计算其元素之和的每个单独部分都可以更改为单个初始化和计算方法,如以下示例所示:

public static void WorkWithSpans()
{
    // Create a span over an array.
    var array = new byte[100];
    var arraySpan = new Span<byte>(array);

    InitializeSpan(arraySpan);
    Console.WriteLine($"The sum is {ComputeSum(arraySpan):N0}");

    // Create an array from native memory.
    var native = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(100);
    Span<byte> nativeSpan;
    unsafe
    {
        nativeSpan = new Span<byte>(native.ToPointer(), 100);
    }

    InitializeSpan(nativeSpan);
    Console.WriteLine($"The sum is {ComputeSum(nativeSpan):N0}");

    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(native);

    // Create a span on the stack.
    Span<byte> stackSpan = stackalloc byte[100];

    InitializeSpan(stackSpan);
    Console.WriteLine($"The sum is {ComputeSum(stackSpan):N0}");
}

public static void InitializeSpan(Span<byte> span)
{
    byte value = 0;
    for (int ctr = 0; ctr < span.Length; ctr++)
        span[ctr] = value++;
}

public static int ComputeSum(Span<byte> span)
{
    int sum = 0;
    foreach (var value in span)
        sum += value;

    return sum;
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    The sum is 4,950
//    The sum is 4,950
//    The sum is 4,950
open System
open System.Runtime.InteropServices
open FSharp.NativeInterop

// Package FSharp.NativeInterop.NativePtr.stackalloc for reuse.
let inline stackalloc<'a when 'a: unmanaged> length : Span<'a> =
    let voidPointer = NativePtr.stackalloc<'a> length |> NativePtr.toVoidPtr
    Span<'a>(voidPointer, length)

let initializeSpan (span: Span<byte>) =
    let mutable value = 0uy
    for i = 0 to span.Length - 1 do
        span[i] <- value
        value <- value + 1uy

let computeSum (span: Span<byte>) =
    let mutable sum = 0
    for value in span do
        sum <- sum + int value
    sum

let workWithSpans () =
    // Create a span over an array.
    let array = Array.zeroCreate<byte> 100
    let arraySpan = Span<byte> array

    initializeSpan arraySpan
    printfn $"The sum is {computeSum arraySpan:N0}"

    // Create an array from native memory.
    let native = Marshal.AllocHGlobal 100
    let nativeSpan = Span<byte>(native.ToPointer(), 100)

    initializeSpan nativeSpan
    printfn $"The sum is {computeSum nativeSpan:N0}"

    Marshal.FreeHGlobal native

    // Create a span on the stack.
    let stackSpan = stackalloc 100

    initializeSpan stackSpan
    printfn $"The sum is {computeSum stackSpan:N0}"

// The example displays the following output:
//    The sum is 4,950
//    The sum is 4,950
//    The sum is 4,950

数组

当它包装数组时,Span<T>可以包装整个数组,就像“内存”部分中的示例一样。 因为它支持切片, Span<T> 因此也可以指向数组中的任何连续范围。

以下示例创建 10 个元素整数数组的中间 5 个元素的切片。 请注意,代码将切片中每个整数的值加倍。 如输出所示,范围所做的更改将反映在数组的值中。

using System;

var array = new int[] { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 };
var slice = new Span<int>(array, 2, 5);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < slice.Length; ctr++)
    slice[ctr] *= 2;

// Examine the original array values.
foreach (var value in array)
    Console.Write($"{value}  ");
Console.WriteLine();

// The example displays the following output:
//      2  4  12  16  20  24  28  16  18  20
module Program

open System

[<EntryPoint>]
let main _ =
    let array = [| 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20 |]
    let slice = Span<int>(array, 2, 5)
    for i = 0 to slice.Length - 1 do
        slice[i] <- slice[i] * 2

    // Examine the original array values.
    for value in array do
        printf $"{value}  "
    printfn ""
    0
// The example displays the following output:
//      2  4  12  16  20  24  28  16  18  20

切片

Span<T> 包括方法的 Slice 两个重载,这些重载构成从指定索引开始的当前范围中的切片。 这样,便可以将一 Span<T> 组逻辑区块中的数据视为一组逻辑区块,这些区块可由数据处理管道的一部分根据需要进行处理,且性能影响最小。 例如,由于新式服务器协议通常是基于文本的,因此对字符串和子字符串的操作尤其重要。 在类中 String ,提取子字符串 Substring的主要方法是。 对于依赖于大量字符串操作的数据管道,其使用会带来一些性能损失,因为它:

  1. 创建一个新字符串来保存子字符串。
  2. 将原始字符串中的字符子集复制到新字符串。

可以使用任一Span<T>ReadOnlySpan<T>操作来消除此分配和复制操作,如以下示例所示:

using System;

class Program2
{
    static void Run()
    {
        string contentLength = "Content-Length: 132";
        var length = GetContentLength(contentLength.ToCharArray());
        Console.WriteLine($"Content length: {length}");
    }

    private static int GetContentLength(ReadOnlySpan<char> span)
    {
        var slice = span.Slice(16);
        return int.Parse(slice);
    }
}
// Output:
//      Content length: 132
module Program2

open System

let getContentLength (span: ReadOnlySpan<char>) =
    let slice = span.Slice 16
    Int32.Parse slice

let contentLength = "Content-Length: 132"
let length = getContentLength (contentLength.ToCharArray())
printfn $"Content length: {length}"
// Output:
//      Content length: 132