检索大型数据 (ADO.NET)

默认情况下,DataReader 在整个数据行可用时立即以行的形式加载传入数据。 但是,对于二进制大对象 (BLOB) 则需要进行不同的处理,因为它们可能包含数十亿字节的数据,而单个行中无法包含如此多的数据。 Command.ExecuteReader 方法具有一个重载,它将采用 CommandBehavior 参数来修改 DataReader 的默认行为。 您可以将 SequentialAccess 传递到 ExecuteReader 方法来修改 DataReader 的默认行为,使其按照顺序在接收到数据时立即将其加载,而不是加载数据行。 这是加载 BLOB 或其他大数据结构的理想方案。 请注意,该行为可能会因数据源的不同而不同。 例如,从 Microsoft Access 中返回 BLOB 会将整个 BLOB 加载到内存中,而不是按照顺序在接收到数据时立即将其加载。

在将 DataReader 设置为使用 SequentialAccess 时,务必要注意访问所返回字段的顺序。 DataReader 的默认行为是在整个行可用时立即加载该行,这样可以在读取下一行之前按任何顺序访问所返回的字段。 但是,当使用 SequentialAccess 时,必须按顺序访问由 DataReader 返回的字段。 例如,如果查询返回三个列,其中第三列是 BLOB,则必须在访问第三个字段中的 BLOB 数据之前返回第一个和第二个字段的值。 如果在访问第一个或第二个字段之前访问第三个字段,则第一个和第二个字段值将不再可用。 这是因为 SequentialAccess 已修改 DataReader,使其按顺序返回数据,当 DataReader 已经读取超过特定数据时,该数据将不可用。

在访问 BLOB 字段中的数据时,请使用 DataReaderGetBytesGetChars 类型化访问器,它们将用数据来填充数组。 还可以对字符数据使用 GetString;但是 为了节省系统资源,您可能不希望将整个 BLOB 值加载到单个字符串变量中。 您可以指定要返回的特定数据缓冲区大小,以及从返回的数据中读取的第一个字节或字符的起始位置。 GetBytesGetChars 将返回一个 long 值,它表示返回的字节或字符数。 如果将一个空数组传递给 GetBytesGetChars,则返回的长值将是 BLOB 中字节或字符的总数。 您可以选择将数组中的某个索引指定为所读取数据的起始位置。

示例

下面的示例从 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 中的 pubs 示例数据库返回发行者 ID 和徽标。 发行者 ID (pub_id) 是字符字段,而徽标则是图像,属于 BLOB。 由于 logo 字段是位图,因此该示例使用 GetBytes 返回二进制数据。 请注意,由于必须按顺序访问字段,所以将在访问徽标之前访问当前数据行的发行者 ID。

' Assumes that connection is a valid SqlConnection object.
Dim command As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand( _
  "SELECT pub_id, logo FROM pub_info", connection)

' Writes the BLOB to a file (*.bmp).
Dim stream As FileStream                 
' Streams the binary data to the FileStream object.
Dim writer As BinaryWriter               
' The size of the BLOB buffer.
Dim bufferSize As Integer = 100      
' The BLOB byte() buffer to be filled by GetBytes.
Dim outByte(bufferSize - 1) As Byte  
' The bytes returned from GetBytes.
Dim retval As Long                   
' The starting position in the BLOB output.
Dim startIndex As Long = 0           

' The publisher id to use in the file name.
Dim pubID As String = ""            

' Open the connection and read data into the DataReader.
connection.Open()
Dim reader As SqlDataReader = command.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess)

Do While reader.Read()
  ' Get the publisher id, which must occur before getting the logo.
  pubID = reader.GetString(0)

  ' Create a file to hold the output.
  stream = New FileStream( _
    "logo" & pubID & ".bmp", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)
  writer = New BinaryWriter(stream)

  ' Reset the starting byte for a new BLOB.
  startIndex = 0

  ' Read bytes into outByte() and retain the number of bytes returned.
  retval = reader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outByte, 0, bufferSize)

  ' Continue while there are bytes beyond the size of the buffer.
  Do While retval = bufferSize
    writer.Write(outByte)
    writer.Flush()

    ' Reposition start index to end of the last buffer and fill buffer.
    startIndex += bufferSize
    retval = reader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outByte, 0, bufferSize)
  Loop

  ' Write the remaining buffer.
  writer.Write(outByte, 0 , retval - 1)
  writer.Flush()

  ' Close the output file.
  writer.Close()
  stream.Close()
Loop

' Close the reader and the connection.
reader.Close()
connection.Close()
// Assumes that connection is a valid SqlConnection object.
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(
  "SELECT pub_id, logo FROM pub_info", connection);

// Writes the BLOB to a file (*.bmp).
FileStream stream;                          
// Streams the BLOB to the FileStream object.
BinaryWriter writer;                        

// Size of the BLOB buffer.
int bufferSize = 100;                   
// The BLOB byte[] buffer to be filled by GetBytes.
byte[] outByte = new byte[bufferSize];  
// The bytes returned from GetBytes.
long retval;                            
// The starting position in the BLOB output.
long startIndex = 0;                    

// The publisher id to use in the file name.
string pubID = "";                     

// Open the connection and read data into the DataReader.
connection.Open();
SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess);

while (reader.Read())
{
  // Get the publisher id, which must occur before getting the logo.
  pubID = reader.GetString(0);  

  // Create a file to hold the output.
  stream = new FileStream(
    "logo" + pubID + ".bmp", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);
  writer = new BinaryWriter(stream);

  // Reset the starting byte for the new BLOB.
  startIndex = 0;

  // Read bytes into outByte[] and retain the number of bytes returned.
  retval = reader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outByte, 0, bufferSize);

  // Continue while there are bytes beyond the size of the buffer.
  while (retval == bufferSize)
  {
    writer.Write(outByte);
    writer.Flush();

    // Reposition start index to end of last buffer and fill buffer.
    startIndex += bufferSize;
    retval = reader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outByte, 0, bufferSize);
  }

  // Write the remaining buffer.
  writer.Write(outByte, 0, (int)retval - 1);
  writer.Flush();

  // Close the output file.
  writer.Close();
  stream.Close();
}

// Close the reader and the connection.
reader.Close();
connection.Close();

请参见

其他资源

Working with DataReaders

SQL Server 二进制和大值数据 (ADO.NET)