如何：使用独立的 X.509 证书进行签名和加密

项目
02/28/2011

本主题演示如何配置 Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 以使用不同的证书在客户端和服务上进行消息签名和加密。

若要实现在签名和加密时使用独立的证书，必须创建自定义客户端或服务凭据（或者两者都创建），因为 WCF 不提供设置多个客户端或服务证书的 API。此外，还必须提供安全令牌管理器，以利用多个证书的信息并为指定的密钥用法和消息方向创建相应的安全令牌提供程序。

下图演示所用的主类、它们从其继承的类（由向上箭头指示）以及某些方法和属性的返回类型。

MyClientCredentials 是 ClientCredentials 的自定义实现。
- 图中显示的其属性都返回 X509Certificate2 的实例。
- 其方法 CreateSecurityTokenManager 返回 MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager 的实例。
MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager 是 ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager 的自定义实现。
- 其方法 CreateSecurityTokenProvider 返回 X509SecurityTokenProvider 的实例。

ms729856.e4971edd-a59f-4571-b36f-7e6b2f0d610f(zh-cn,VS.100).gif

有关自定义凭据的更多信息，请参见演练：创建自定义客户端和服务凭据。

此外，必须创建自定义标识验证程序，并将它链接到自定义绑定中的安全绑定元素。还必须使用自定义凭据而不是默认凭据。

下图演示在自定义绑定中涉及的类，以及如何链接自定义标识验证程序。涉及到几个绑定元素，它们都继承自 BindingElement。AsymmetricSecurityBindingElement 具有 LocalClientSecuritySettings 属性，该属性返回 IdentityVerifier 的实例（从其自定义 MyIdentityVerifier）。

ms729856.dddea4a2-0bb4-4921-9bf4-20d4d82c3da5(zh-cn,VS.100).gif

有关创建自定义标识验证程序的更多信息，请参见如何：创建自定义客户端标识验证工具。

使用独立的证书进行签名和加密

定义从 ClientCredentials 类继承的新客户端凭据类。实现四个新属性以允许指定多个证书：ClientSigningCertificate、ClientEncryptingCertificate、ServiceSigningCertificate 和 ServiceEncryptingCertificate。还重写 CreateSecurityTokenManager 方法在下一步中定义的自定义 ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager 类的实例。

Public Class MyClientCredentials
    Inherits ClientCredentials

    Private clientSigningCert As X509Certificate2
    Private clientEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2
    Private serviceSigningCert As X509Certificate2
    Private serviceEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2

    Public Sub New()
    End Sub

    Protected Sub New(ByVal other As MyClientCredentials)
        MyBase.New(other)
        Me.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert
        Me.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert
        Me.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert
        Me.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert
    End Sub

    Public Property ClientSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.clientSigningCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.clientSigningCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property ClientEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.clientEncryptingCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.clientEncryptingCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property ServiceSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.serviceSigningCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.serviceSigningCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property ServiceEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.serviceEncryptingCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.serviceEncryptingCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenManager() As SecurityTokenManager
        Return New MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(Me)
    End Function

    Protected Overrides Function CloneCore() As ClientCredentials
        Return New MyClientCredentials(Me)
    End Function

End Class

public class MyClientCredentials : ClientCredentials
{
    X509Certificate2 clientSigningCert;
    X509Certificate2 clientEncryptingCert;
    X509Certificate2 serviceSigningCert;
    X509Certificate2 serviceEncryptingCert;

    public MyClientCredentials()
    {
    }

    protected MyClientCredentials(MyClientCredentials other)
        : base(other)
    {
        this.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert;
        this.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert;
        this.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert;
        this.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert;
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ClientSigningCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.clientSigningCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.clientSigningCert = value;
        }
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ClientEncryptingCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.clientEncryptingCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.clientEncryptingCert = value;
        }
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ServiceSigningCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.serviceSigningCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.serviceSigningCert = value;
        }
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ServiceEncryptingCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.serviceEncryptingCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.serviceEncryptingCert = value;
        }
    }

    public override SecurityTokenManager CreateSecurityTokenManager()
    {
        return new MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(this);
    }

    protected override ClientCredentials CloneCore()
    {
        return new MyClientCredentials(this);
    }
}

定义从 ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager 类继承的新客户端安全令牌管理器。重写 CreateSecurityTokenProvider 方法以创建相应的安全令牌提供程序。requirement 参数（一个 SecurityTokenRequirement）提供消息方向和密钥用法。

Friend Class MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
    Inherits ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager

    Private credentials As MyClientCredentials

    Public Sub New(ByVal credentials As MyClientCredentials)
        MyBase.New(credentials)
        Me.credentials = credentials
    End Sub

    Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenProvider(ByVal requirement As SecurityTokenRequirement) As SecurityTokenProvider
        Dim result As SecurityTokenProvider = Nothing
        If requirement.TokenType = SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate Then
            Dim direction = requirement.GetProperty(Of MessageDirection)(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.MessageDirectionProperty)
            If direction = MessageDirection.Output Then
                If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ClientSigningCertificate)
                Else
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate)
                End If
            Else
                If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate)
                Else
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate)
                End If
            End If
        Else
            result = MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement)
        End If

        Return result
    End Function

    Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(ByVal tokenRequirement As SecurityTokenRequirement, _
                                                               <System.Runtime.InteropServices.Out()> ByRef outOfBandTokenResolver As SecurityTokenResolver) As SecurityTokenAuthenticator
        Return MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(tokenRequirement, _
                                                       outOfBandTokenResolver)
    End Function

End Class

internal class MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager : 
    ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
{
    MyClientCredentials credentials;

    public MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(
        MyClientCredentials credentials): base(credentials)
    {
        this.credentials = credentials;
    }

    public override SecurityTokenProvider CreateSecurityTokenProvider(
        SecurityTokenRequirement requirement)
    {
        SecurityTokenProvider result = null;
        if (requirement.TokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate)
        {
            MessageDirection direction = requirement.GetProperty
                <MessageDirection>(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.
                MessageDirectionProperty);
            if (direction == MessageDirection.Output)
            {
                if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature)
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(
                        this.credentials.ClientSigningCertificate);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(this.credentials.
                        ServiceEncryptingCertificate);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature)
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(this.
                        credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.
                        ClientEncryptingCertificate);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            result = base.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement);
        }

        return result;
    }

    public override SecurityTokenAuthenticator 
        CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(SecurityTokenRequirement 
        tokenRequirement, out SecurityTokenResolver outOfBandTokenResolver)
    {
        return base.CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(tokenRequirement, 
            out outOfBandTokenResolver);
    }
}

定义从 ServiceCredentials 类继承的新服务凭据类。实现四个新属性以允许指定多个证书：ClientSigningCertificate、ClientEncryptingCertificate、ServiceSigningCertificate 和 ServiceEncryptingCertificate。还重写 CreateSecurityTokenManager 方法以返回在下一步中定义的自定义 ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager 类的实例。

Public Class MyServiceCredentials
    Inherits ServiceCredentials

    Private clientSigningCert As X509Certificate2
    Private clientEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2
    Private serviceSigningCert As X509Certificate2
    Private serviceEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2

    Public Sub New()
    End Sub

    Protected Sub New(ByVal other As MyServiceCredentials)
        MyBase.New(other)
        Me.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert
        Me.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert
        Me.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert
        Me.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert
    End Sub

    Public Property ClientSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.clientSigningCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.clientSigningCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property ClientEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.clientEncryptingCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.clientEncryptingCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property ServiceSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.serviceSigningCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.serviceSigningCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property ServiceEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2
        Get
            Return Me.serviceEncryptingCert
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2)
            Me.serviceEncryptingCert = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenManager() As SecurityTokenManager
        Return New MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(Me)
    End Function

    Protected Overrides Function CloneCore() As ServiceCredentials
        Return New MyServiceCredentials(Me)
    End Function

End Class

public class MyServiceCredentials : ServiceCredentials
{
    X509Certificate2 clientSigningCert;
    X509Certificate2 clientEncryptingCert;
    X509Certificate2 serviceSigningCert;
    X509Certificate2 serviceEncryptingCert;

    public MyServiceCredentials()
    {
    }

    protected MyServiceCredentials(MyServiceCredentials other)
        : base(other)
    {
        this.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert;
        this.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert;
        this.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert;
        this.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert;
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ClientSigningCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.clientSigningCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.clientSigningCert = value;
        }
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ClientEncryptingCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.clientEncryptingCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.clientEncryptingCert = value;
        }
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ServiceSigningCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.serviceSigningCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.serviceSigningCert = value;
        }
    }

    public X509Certificate2 ServiceEncryptingCertificate
    {
        get
        {
            return this.serviceEncryptingCert;
        }
        set
        {
            this.serviceEncryptingCert = value;
        }
    }

    public override SecurityTokenManager CreateSecurityTokenManager()
    {
        return new MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(this);
    }

    protected override ServiceCredentials CloneCore()
    {
        return new MyServiceCredentials(this);
    }
}

定义从 ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager 类继承的新服务安全令牌管理器。如果给定传入消息的方向和密钥用法，则重写 CreateSecurityTokenProvider 方法以创建相应的安全令牌提供程序。

Friend Class MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
    Inherits ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager

    Private credentials As MyServiceCredentials

    Public Sub New(ByVal credentials As MyServiceCredentials)
        MyBase.New(credentials)
        Me.credentials = credentials
    End Sub

    Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenProvider(ByVal requirement As SecurityTokenRequirement) As SecurityTokenProvider
        Dim result As SecurityTokenProvider = Nothing
        If requirement.TokenType = SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate Then
            Dim direction = requirement.GetProperty(Of MessageDirection)(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.MessageDirectionProperty)
            If direction = MessageDirection.Input Then
                If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange Then
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate)
                Else
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientSigningCertificate)
                End If
            Else
                If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate)
                Else
                    result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate)
                End If
            End If
        Else
            result = MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement)
        End If
        Return result
    End Function

End Class

internal class MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager : 
    ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
{
    MyServiceCredentials credentials;

    public MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(
        MyServiceCredentials credentials)
        : base(credentials)
    {
        this.credentials = credentials;
    }

    public override SecurityTokenProvider CreateSecurityTokenProvider(
        SecurityTokenRequirement requirement)
    {
        SecurityTokenProvider result = null;
        if (requirement.TokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate)
        {
            MessageDirection direction = requirement.
                GetProperty<MessageDirection>(
                ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.
                MessageDirectionProperty);
            if (direction == MessageDirection.Input)
            {
                if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange)
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(
                        credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(
                        credentials.ClientSigningCertificate);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature)
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(
                        credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(
                        credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            result = base.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

在客户端上使用多个证书

创建自定义绑定。安全绑定元素必须以双工模式运行，以允许为请求和响应采用不同的安全令牌提供程序。执行此操作的一种方法是使用具有双工能力的传输，或使用下面的代码所示的 CompositeDuplexBindingElement。将在下一步中定义的自定义 IdentityVerifier 链接到安全绑定元素。将默认客户端凭据替换为以前创建的自定义客户端凭据。

Dim serviceEndpoint As New EndpointAddress(New Uri("https://localhost:6060/service"))

Dim binding As New CustomBinding()

Dim securityBE = SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10)
' Add a custom IdentityVerifier because the service uses two certificates 
' (one for signing and one for encryption) and an endpoint identity that 
' contains a single identity claim.
securityBE.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier = New MyIdentityVerifier()
binding.Elements.Add(securityBE)

Dim compositeDuplex As New CompositeDuplexBindingElement()

compositeDuplex.ClientBaseAddress = New Uri("https://localhost:6061/client")

With binding.Elements
    .Add(compositeDuplex)
    .Add(New OneWayBindingElement())
    .Add(New HttpTransportBindingElement())
End With

Using factory As New ChannelFactory(Of IMyServiceChannel)(binding, serviceEndpoint)
    Dim credentials As New MyClientCredentials()
    SetupCertificates(credentials)

    With factory.Endpoint.Behaviors
        .Remove(GetType(ClientCredentials))
        .Add(credentials)
    End With

    Dim channel = factory.CreateChannel()
    Console.WriteLine(channel.Hello("world"))
    channel.Close()
End Using

            EndpointAddress serviceEndpoint = 
                new EndpointAddress(new Uri("https://localhost:6060/service"));

            CustomBinding binding = new CustomBinding();

            AsymmetricSecurityBindingElement securityBE = 
                SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(
                MessageSecurityVersion.
WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10);
            // Add a custom IdentityVerifier because the service uses two certificates 
            // (one for signing and one for encryption) and an endpoint identity that 
            // contains a single identity claim.
            securityBE.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier = new MyIdentityVerifier();
            binding.Elements.Add(securityBE);

            CompositeDuplexBindingElement compositeDuplex = 
                new CompositeDuplexBindingElement();
            compositeDuplex.ClientBaseAddress = new Uri("https://localhost:6061/client");
            binding.Elements.Add(compositeDuplex);

            binding.Elements.Add(new OneWayBindingElement());

            binding.Elements.Add(new HttpTransportBindingElement());

            using (ChannelFactory<IMyServiceChannel> factory = 
                new ChannelFactory<IMyServiceChannel>(binding, serviceEndpoint))
            {
                MyClientCredentials credentials = new MyClientCredentials();
                SetupCertificates(credentials);
                factory.Endpoint.Behaviors.Remove(typeof(ClientCredentials));
                factory.Endpoint.Behaviors.Add(credentials);

                IMyServiceChannel channel = factory.CreateChannel();
                Console.WriteLine(channel.Hello("world"));
                channel.Close();
            }

定义一个自定义的 IdentityVerifier。因为使用不同的证书来加密请求和对响应进行签名，所以服务具有多个标识。

注意：
在下面的示例中，出于演示的目的，提供的自定义标识验证程序不执行任何终结点标识检查。建议在生产代码中不要这样做。

Friend Class MyIdentityVerifier
    Inherits IdentityVerifier

    Private defaultVerifier As IdentityVerifier

    Public Sub New()
        Me.defaultVerifier = IdentityVerifier.CreateDefault()
    End Sub

    Public Overrides Function CheckAccess(ByVal identity As EndpointIdentity, ByVal authContext As AuthorizationContext) As Boolean
        ' The following implementation is for demonstration only, and
        ' does not perform any checks regarding EndpointIdentity.
        ' Do not use this for production code.
        Return True
    End Function

    Public Overrides Function TryGetIdentity(ByVal reference As EndpointAddress, <System.Runtime.InteropServices.Out()> ByRef identity As EndpointIdentity) As Boolean
        Return Me.defaultVerifier.TryGetIdentity(reference, identity)
    End Function

End Class

class MyIdentityVerifier : IdentityVerifier
{
    IdentityVerifier defaultVerifier;

    public MyIdentityVerifier()
    {
        this.defaultVerifier = IdentityVerifier.CreateDefault();
    }

    public override bool CheckAccess(EndpointIdentity identity, 
        AuthorizationContext authContext)
    {
        // The following implementation is for demonstration only, and
        // does not perform any checks regarding EndpointIdentity.
        // Do not use this for production code.
        return true;
    }

    public override bool TryGetIdentity(EndpointAddress reference, 
        out EndpointIdentity identity)
    {
        return this.defaultVerifier.TryGetIdentity(reference, out identity);
    }
}

在服务上使用多个证书

创建自定义绑定。安全绑定元素必须以双工模式运行，以允许为请求和响应采用不同的安全令牌提供程序。像客户端一样使用具有双工能力的传输，或使用下面的代码所示的 CompositeDuplexBindingElement。将默认服务凭据替换为以前创建的自定义服务凭据。

Dim serviceEndpoint As New Uri("https://localhost:6060/service")
Using host As New ServiceHost(GetType(Service), serviceEndpoint)
    Dim binding As New CustomBinding()

    With binding.Elements
        .Add(SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10))
        .Add(New CompositeDuplexBindingElement())
        .Add(New OneWayBindingElement())
        .Add(New HttpTransportBindingElement())
    End With

    Dim credentials As New MyServiceCredentials()
    SetupCertificates(credentials)
    With host.Description.Behaviors
        .Remove(GetType(ServiceCredentials))
        .Add(credentials)
    End With

    Dim endpoint = host.AddServiceEndpoint(GetType(IMyService), binding, "")
    host.Open()

    Console.WriteLine("Service started, press ENTER to stop...")
    Console.ReadLine()
End Using

            Uri serviceEndpoint = new Uri("https://localhost:6060/service");
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service), serviceEndpoint))
            {
                CustomBinding binding = new CustomBinding();
                binding.Elements.Add(SecurityBindingElement.
                    CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(
MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10));
                binding.Elements.Add(new CompositeDuplexBindingElement());
                binding.Elements.Add(new OneWayBindingElement());
                binding.Elements.Add(new HttpTransportBindingElement());

                MyServiceCredentials credentials = new MyServiceCredentials();
                SetupCertificates(credentials);
                host.Description.Behaviors.Remove(typeof(ServiceCredentials));
                host.Description.Behaviors.Add(credentials);

                ServiceEndpoint endpoint = host.AddServiceEndpoint(
                    typeof(IMyService), binding, "");
                host.Open();

                Console.WriteLine("Service started, press ENTER to stop...");
                Console.ReadLine();
            }

另请参见

参考

ClientCredentials
ServiceCredentials
ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
IdentityVerifier

概念

演练：创建自定义客户端和服务凭据

通过

如何：使用独立的 X.509 证书进行签名和加密

使用独立的证书进行签名和加密

在客户端上使用多个证书

在服务上使用多个证书

另请参见

参考

概念

其他资源