没有凭据协商的 Windows 客户端的消息安全

下面的方案演示了由 Kerberos 协议保护的 Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 客户端和服务。

服务和客户端位于相同的域或可信域。

ms735117.note(zh-cn,VS.100).gif注意:
此方案与 Windows 客户端的消息安全之间的区别在于,此方案在发送应用程序消息前并不与服务协商服务凭据。此外,由于这需要 Kerberos 协议,所以此方案需要一个 Windows 域环境。

没有凭证协商的消息安全

特征 说明

安全模式

消息

互操作性

是,WS-Security 使用 Kerberos 令牌配置文件兼容的客户端

身份验证(服务器)

服务器和客户端的相互身份验证

身份验证(客户端)

服务器和客户端的相互身份验证

完整性

保密性

传输

HTTP

绑定

WSHttpBinding

服务

下面的代码和配置将独立运行。执行下列操作之一:

  • 使用代码(而不使用配置)创建独立服务。

  • 使用提供的配置创建服务,但不定义任何终结点。

代码

下面的代码创建使用消息安全的服务终结点。代码禁用了服务凭据协商并禁止建立安全上下文令牌 (SCT)。

ms735117.note(zh-cn,VS.100).gif注意:
若要使用没有协商的 Windows 凭据类型,则服务的用户帐户必须能够访问在 Active Directory 域注册的服务主体名称 (SPN)。可以通过以下两种方式执行此操作:

  1. 使用 NetworkServiceLocalSystem 帐户运行服务。由于这些帐户能够访问在计算机连接 Active Directory 域时建立的计算机 SPN,因此 WCF 将自动在服务的元数据(Web 服务描述语言 (WSDL))中的该服务终结点内生成正确的 SPN 元素。

  2. 使用任意 Active Directory 域帐户运行服务。在这种情况下,您需要为该域帐户建立一个 SPN。执行此操作的一种方法是使用 Setspn.exe 实用工具。为该服务的帐户创建 SPN 后,配置 WCF 以通过服务的元数据 (WSDL) 将该 SPN 发布到服务的客户端。通过为公开的终结点设置终结点标识(或通过应用程序配置文件或代码)也可完成此操作。下面的示例以编程方式发布标识。

有关 SPN、Kerberos 协议和 Active Directory 的更多信息,请参见面向 Windows 的 Kerberos 技术补充(可能为英文网页)。有关终结点标识的更多信息,请参见 SecurityBindingElement 身份验证模式

' Create the service host.
Dim myServiceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(ServiceModel.Calculator))

' Create the binding.
Dim binding As New WSHttpBinding()
binding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Message
binding.Security.Message.ClientCredentialType = _
   MessageCredentialType.Windows

' Disable credential negotiation and establishment of the
' security context.
binding.Security.Message.NegotiateServiceCredential = False
binding.Security.Message.EstablishSecurityContext = False

' Create a URI for the endpoint address.
Dim httpUri As New Uri("https://localhost/Calculator")

' Create the EndpointAddress with the SPN for the Identity.
Dim ea As New EndpointAddress(httpUri, _
EndpointIdentity.CreateSpnIdentity("service_spn_name"))

' Get the contract from the ICalculator interface (not shown here).
' See the sample applications for an example of the ICalculator.
Dim contract As ContractDescription = ContractDescription.GetContract(GetType(ICalculator))

' Create a new ServiceEndpoint.
Dim se As New ServiceEndpoint(contract, binding, ea)

' Add the service endpoint to the service.
myServiceHost.Description.Endpoints.Add(se)

' Open the service.
myServiceHost.Open()
Console.WriteLine("Listening...")
Console.ReadLine()

' Close the service. 
myServiceHost.Close()
// Create the service host.
ServiceHost myServiceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(Calculator));

// Create the binding.
WSHttpBinding binding = new WSHttpBinding();
binding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Message;
binding.Security.Message.ClientCredentialType =
     MessageCredentialType.Windows;

// Disable credential negotiation and establishment of the
// security context.
binding.Security.Message.NegotiateServiceCredential = false;
binding.Security.Message.EstablishSecurityContext = false;

// Create a URI for the endpoint address.
Uri httpUri = new Uri("https://localhost/Calculator");

// Create the EndpointAddress with the SPN for the Identity.
EndpointAddress ea = new EndpointAddress(httpUri,
    EndpointIdentity.CreateSpnIdentity("service_spn_name"));

// Get the contract from the ICalculator interface (not shown here).
// See the sample applications for an example of the ICalculator.
ContractDescription contract = ContractDescription.GetContract(
    typeof(ICalculator));

// Create a new ServiceEndpoint.
ServiceEndpoint se = new ServiceEndpoint(contract, binding, ea);

// Add the service endpoint to the service.
myServiceHost.Description.Endpoints.Add(se);

// Open the service.
myServiceHost.Open();
Console.WriteLine("Listening...");
Console.ReadLine();

// Close the service. 
myServiceHost.Close();

配置

以下配置可代替代码使用。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <behaviors />
    <services>
      <service behaviorConfiguration="" name="ServiceModel.Calculator">
        <endpoint address="https://localhost/Calculator" 
                  binding="wsHttpBinding"
                  bindingConfiguration="KerberosBinding"
                  name="WSHttpBinding_ICalculator"
                  contract="ServiceModel.ICalculator" 
                  listenUri="net.tcp://localhost/metadata" >
         <identity>
            <servicePrincipalName value="service_spn_name" />
         </identity>
        </endpoint>
      </service>
    </services>
    <bindings>
      <wsHttpBinding>
        <binding name="KerberosBinding">
          <security>
            <message negotiateServiceCredential="false" 
                     establishSecurityContext="false" />
          </security>
        </binding>
      </wsHttpBinding>
    </bindings>
    <client />
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

客户端

下面的代码和配置将独立运行。执行下列操作之一:

  • 使用代码(和客户端代码)创建独立客户端。

  • 创建不定义任何终结点地址的客户端。而使用将配置名称作为参数的客户端构造函数。例如:

    Dim cc As New CalculatorClient("EndpointConfigurationName")
    
    CalculatorClient cc = new CalculatorClient("EndpointConfigurationName");
    

代码

下面的代码将配置客户端。安全模式设置为 Message,客户端凭据类型设置为 Windows。请注意,NegotiateServiceCredentialEstablishSecurityContext 属性设置为 false

ms735117.note(zh-cn,VS.100).gif注意:
若要使用没有协商的 Windows 凭据类型,则必须在开始与服务进行通信前使用服务的帐户 SPN 配置客户端。客户端使用 SPN 获取 Kerberos 令牌对与服务的通信进行身份验证和保护。下面的示例演示如何使用服务的 SPN 配置客户端。如果使用 ServiceModel 元数据实用工具 (Svcutil.exe) 生成客户端,则服务的 SPN 将自动从服务的元数据 (WSDL) 传播到客户端(如果服务的元数据包含该信息)。有关如何将服务配置为在服务的元数据中包含服务的 SPN 的更多信息,请参见本主题后面的“服务”部分。

有关 SPN、Kerberos 和 Active Directory 的更多信息,请参见面向 Windows 的 Kerberos 技术补充(可能为英文网页)。有关终结点标识的更多信息,请参见 SecurityBindingElement 身份验证模式主题。

' Create the binding.
Dim myBinding As New WSHttpBinding()
myBinding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Message
myBinding.Security.Message.ClientCredentialType = _
   MessageCredentialType.Windows

' Disable credential negotiation and the establishment of 
' a security context.
myBinding.Security.Message.NegotiateServiceCredential = False
myBinding.Security.Message.EstablishSecurityContext = False

' Create the endpoint address and set the SPN identity.
' The SPN must match the identity of the service's SPN.
' If using SvcUtil to generate a configuration file, the SPN
' will be published as the <servicePrincipalName> element under the
' <identity> element.
Dim ea As New EndpointAddress(New Uri("http://machineName/calculator"), _
EndpointIdentity.CreateSpnIdentity("service_spn_name"))

' Create the client. 
Dim cc As New CalculatorClient(myBinding, ea)

' Begin using the client.
Try
    cc.Open()

    Console.WriteLine(cc.Add(100, 11))
    Console.ReadLine()

    ' Close the client.
    cc.Close()
Catch tex As TimeoutException
    Console.WriteLine(tex.Message)
    cc.Abort()
Catch cex As CommunicationException
    Console.WriteLine(cex.Message)
    cc.Abort()
Finally
    Console.WriteLine("Closed the client")
    Console.ReadLine()
End Try
// Create the binding.
WSHttpBinding myBinding = new WSHttpBinding();
myBinding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Message;
myBinding.Security.Message.ClientCredentialType =
    MessageCredentialType.Windows;

// Disable credential negotiation and the establishment of 
// a security context.
myBinding.Security.Message.NegotiateServiceCredential = false;
myBinding.Security.Message.EstablishSecurityContext = false;

// Create the endpoint address and set the SPN identity.
// The SPN must match the identity of the service's SPN.
// If using SvcUtil to generate a configuration file, the SPN
// will be published as the <servicePrincipalName> element under the
// <identity> element.
EndpointAddress ea = new EndpointAddress(
new Uri("http://machineName/Calculator"),
EndpointIdentity.CreateSpnIdentity("service_spn_name"));

// Create the client. 
CalculatorClient cc =
    new CalculatorClient(myBinding, ea);

// Begin using the client.

try
{
    cc.Open();
    Console.WriteLine(cc.Add(200, 1111));
    Console.ReadLine();

    // Close the client.
    cc.Close();
}

配置

下面的代码将配置客户端。请注意,必须将 <ServicePrincipalName> 元素设置为与在 Active Directory 域中为服务帐户注册的服务 SPN 相匹配。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <bindings>
      <wsHttpBinding>
        <binding name="WSHttpBinding_ICalculator" >
          <security mode="Message">
            <message clientCredentialType="Windows" 
                     negotiateServiceCredential="false"
                     establishSecurityContext="false" />
          </security>
        </binding>
      </wsHttpBinding>
    </bindings>
    <client>
      <endpoint address="https://localhost/Calculator" 
                binding="wsHttpBinding"
                bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_ICalculator"
                contract="ICalculator"
                name="WSHttpBinding_ICalculator">
        <identity>
          <servicePrincipalName value="service_spn_name" />
        </identity>
      </endpoint>
    </client>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

另请参见

概念

安全性概述
服务标识和身份验证

其他资源

Windows Server App Fabric 的安全模型