如何：创建在延迟一段时间后完成的任务
此示例演示如何使用 concurrency::task、concurrency::cancellation_token_source、concurrency::cancellation_token、concurrency::task_completion_event、concurrency::timer和 concurrency::call 选件类创建在延迟后完成的任务。 可以使用此方法生成为数据偶尔轮询循环，引入了超时，在一个排序时输入的用户延迟处理，等等。
示例
下面的示例显示 complete_after 和 cancel_after_timeout 函数。 complete_after 函数创建完成，在指定的延迟后的一 task 对象。 它使用一 timer 对象和一 call 对象设置 task_completion_event 对象，该对象指定的延迟后。 使用 task_completion_event 选件类，可以在线程或另一个任务信号之后完成的任务值可用。 当事件设置时，侦听器任务完成，并且其计划继续运行。
提示
有关 timer 和 call 选件类的更多信息，是异步代理库的一部分，请参见 异步消息块。
如果该任务不在给定超时之前，在 complete_after 的 cancel_after_timeout 函数生成函数取消任务。 cancel_after_timeout 函数创建两个任务。 在提供的任务完成后，第一个任务指示成功并完成；第二个任务指示失败并在指定的超时后完成。 cancel_after_timeout 函数创建运行的延续任务，当成功或失败任务完成。 如果失败任务最先完成，继续移除该标记源取消整个任务。
// Creates a task that completes after the specified delay.
task<void> complete_after(unsigned int timeout)
{
// A task completion event that is set when a timer fires.
task_completion_event<void> tce;
// Create a non-repeating timer.
auto fire_once = new timer<int>(timeout, 0, nullptr, false);
// Create a call object that sets the completion event after the timer fires.
auto callback = new call<int>([tce](int)
{
tce.set();
});
// Connect the timer to the callback and start the timer.
fire_once->link_target(callback);
fire_once->start();
// Create a task that completes after the completion event is set.
task<void> event_set(tce);
// Create a continuation task that cleans up resources and
// and return that continuation task.
return event_set.then([callback, fire_once]()
{
delete callback;
delete fire_once;
});
}
// Cancels the provided task after the specifed delay, if the task
// did not complete.
template<typename T>
task<T> cancel_after_timeout(task<T> t, cancellation_token_source cts, unsigned int timeout)
{
// Create a task that returns true after the specified task completes.
task<bool> success_task = t.then([](T)
{
return true;
});
// Create a task that returns false after the specified timeout.
task<bool> failure_task = complete_after(timeout).then([]
{
return false;
});
// Create a continuation task that cancels the overall task
// if the timeout task finishes first.
return (failure_task || success_task).then([t, cts](bool success)
{
if(!success)
{
// Set the cancellation token. The task that is passed as the
// t parameter should respond to the cancellation and stop
// as soon as it can.
cts.cancel();
}
// Return the original task.
return t;
});
}
下面的示例计算一个范围 [0，100000] 多个纪元的质数。 即在给定时间，不执行任何操作失败。 count_primes 功能演示如何使用 cancel_after_timeout 功能。 如果任务中提供的时，不完成它在给定范围计数数字填装并失败。 wmain 函数调用 count_primes 功能多次。 每次，该二进制持续时间。 在操作在当前时间限制后，无法完成程序完成。
// Determines whether the input value is prime.
bool is_prime(int n)
{
if (n < 2)
return false;
for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i)
{
if ((n % i) == 0)
return false;
}
return true;
}
// Counts the number of primes in the range [0, max_value].
// The operation fails if it exceeds the specified timeout.
bool count_primes(unsigned int max_value, unsigned int timeout)
{
cancellation_token_source cts;
// Create a task that computes the count of prime numbers.
// The task is canceled after the specified timeout.
auto t = cancel_after_timeout(task<size_t>([max_value, timeout]
{
combinable<size_t> counts;
parallel_for<unsigned int>(0, max_value + 1, [&counts](unsigned int n)
{
// Respond if the overall task is cancelled by canceling
// the current task.
if (is_task_cancellation_requested())
{
cancel_current_task();
}
// NOTE: You can replace the calls to is_task_cancellation_requested
// and cancel_current_task with a call to interruption_point.
// interruption_point();
// Increment the local counter if the value is prime.
if (is_prime(n))
{
counts.local()++;
}
});
// Return the sum of counts across all threads.
return counts.combine(plus<size_t>());
}, cts.get_token()), cts, timeout);
// Print the result.
try
{
auto primes = t.get();
wcout << L"Found " << primes << L" prime numbers within "
<< timeout << L" ms." << endl;
return true;
}
catch (const task_canceled& e)
{
wcout << L"The task timed out." << endl;
return false;
}
}
int wmain()
{
// Compute the count of prime numbers in the range [0, 100000]
// until the operation fails.
// Each time the test succeeds, the time limit is halved.
unsigned int max = 100000;
unsigned int timeout = 5000;
bool success = true;
do
{
success = count_primes(max, timeout);
timeout /= 2;
} while (success);
}
/* Sample output:
Found 9592 prime numbers within 5000 ms.
Found 9592 prime numbers within 2500 ms.
Found 9592 prime numbers within 1250 ms.
Found 9592 prime numbers within 625 ms.
The task timed out.
*/
当您使用此技术来取消任务，在延迟，任何 unstarted 任务不会启动后，在整个任务取消之后。 但是，对于所有长时间运行的任务重要及时响应取消。 在此示例中，count_primes 方法调用 concurrency::is_task_cancellation_requested 和 cancel_current_task 功能响应取消。 (或者，您可以调用 concurrency::interruption_point 函数)。 有关任务取消操作的更多信息，请参见 PPL 中的取消操作。
这是此示例的完整代码：
// task-delay.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <ppltasks.h>
#include <agents.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace concurrency;
using namespace std;
// Creates a task that completes after the specified delay.
task<void> complete_after(unsigned int timeout)
{
// A task completion event that is set when a timer fires.
task_completion_event<void> tce;
// Create a non-repeating timer.
auto fire_once = new timer<int>(timeout, 0, nullptr, false);
// Create a call object that sets the completion event after the timer fires.
auto callback = new call<int>([tce](int)
{
tce.set();
});
// Connect the timer to the callback and start the timer.
fire_once->link_target(callback);
fire_once->start();
// Create a task that completes after the completion event is set.
task<void> event_set(tce);
// Create a continuation task that cleans up resources and
// and return that continuation task.
return event_set.then([callback, fire_once]()
{
delete callback;
delete fire_once;
});
}
// Cancels the provided task after the specifed delay, if the task
// did not complete.
template<typename T>
task<T> cancel_after_timeout(task<T> t, cancellation_token_source cts, unsigned int timeout)
{
// Create a task that returns true after the specified task completes.
task<bool> success_task = t.then([](T)
{
return true;
});
// Create a task that returns false after the specified timeout.
task<bool> failure_task = complete_after(timeout).then([]
{
return false;
});
// Create a continuation task that cancels the overall task
// if the timeout task finishes first.
return (failure_task || success_task).then([t, cts](bool success)
{
if(!success)
{
// Set the cancellation token. The task that is passed as the
// t parameter should respond to the cancellation and stop
// as soon as it can.
cts.cancel();
}
// Return the original task.
return t;
});
}
// Determines whether the input value is prime.
bool is_prime(int n)
{
if (n < 2)
return false;
for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i)
{
if ((n % i) == 0)
return false;
}
return true;
}
// Counts the number of primes in the range [0, max_value].
// The operation fails if it exceeds the specified timeout.
bool count_primes(unsigned int max_value, unsigned int timeout)
{
cancellation_token_source cts;
// Create a task that computes the count of prime numbers.
// The task is canceled after the specified timeout.
auto t = cancel_after_timeout(task<size_t>([max_value, timeout]
{
combinable<size_t> counts;
parallel_for<unsigned int>(0, max_value + 1, [&counts](unsigned int n)
{
// Respond if the overall task is cancelled by canceling
// the current task.
if (is_task_cancellation_requested())
{
cancel_current_task();
}
// NOTE: You can replace the calls to is_task_cancellation_requested
// and cancel_current_task with a call to interruption_point.
// interruption_point();
// Increment the local counter if the value is prime.
if (is_prime(n))
{
counts.local()++;
}
});
// Return the sum of counts across all threads.
return counts.combine(plus<size_t>());
}, cts.get_token()), cts, timeout);
// Print the result.
try
{
auto primes = t.get();
wcout << L"Found " << primes << L" prime numbers within "
<< timeout << L" ms." << endl;
return true;
}
catch (const task_canceled& e)
{
wcout << L"The task timed out." << endl;
return false;
}
}
int wmain()
{
// Compute the count of prime numbers in the range [0, 100000]
// until the operation fails.
// Each time the test succeeds, the time limit is halved.
unsigned int max = 100000;
unsigned int timeout = 5000;
bool success = true;
do
{
success = count_primes(max, timeout);
timeout /= 2;
} while (success);
}
/* Sample output:
Found 9592 prime numbers within 5000 ms.
Found 9592 prime numbers within 2500 ms.
Found 9592 prime numbers within 1250 ms.
Found 9592 prime numbers within 625 ms.
The task timed out.
*/
编译代码
若要编译代码，请将其复制并粘贴到 Visual Studio 项目或一个名为 任务 delay.cpp 然后运行在 Visual Studio 命令提示符窗口中运行以下命令的文件。
cl.exe /EHsc task-delay.cpp
请参见
参考
is_task_cancellation_requested 函数