加密数据列

项目
03/06/2017

本主题介绍如何在 SQL Server 2014 中使用 Transact-SQL 通过对称加密来加密数据列。

本主题内容

开始之前：

安全性
使用 Transact-SQL 对数据列进行加密

开始之前

安全性

权限

下面的权限是执行以下步骤所必需的：

针对数据库的 CONTROL 权限。
针对数据库的 CREATE CERTIFICATE 权限。只有 Windows 登录名、SQL Server 登录名和应用程序角色才能拥有证书。其他组和角色不能拥有证书。
对表的 ALTER 权限。
针对密钥的某些权限，并且必须未被拒绝授予 VIEW DEFINITION 权限。

“使用 Transact-SQL”

使用简单对称加密对数据列进行加密

在 “对象资源管理器” 中，连接到数据库引擎的实例。
在标准菜单栏上，单击 “新建查询” 。

将以下示例复制并粘贴到查询窗口中，然后单击“执行” 。

USE AdventureWorks2012;  
--If there is no master key, create one now.   
IF NOT EXISTS   
    (SELECT * FROM sys.symmetric_keys WHERE symmetric_key_id = 101)  
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY   
    PASSWORD = '23987hxJKL95QYV4369#ghf0%lekjg5k3fd117r$$#1946kcj$n44ncjhdlj'  
GO  

CREATE CERTIFICATE Sales09  
   WITH SUBJECT = 'Customer Credit Card Numbers';  
GO  

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11  
    WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256  
    ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;  
GO  

-- Create a column in which to store the encrypted data.  
ALTER TABLE Sales.CreditCard   
    ADD CardNumber_Encrypted varbinary(128);   
GO  

-- Open the symmetric key with which to encrypt the data.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;  

-- Encrypt the value in column CardNumber using the  
-- symmetric key CreditCards_Key11.  
-- Save the result in column CardNumber_Encrypted.    
UPDATE Sales.CreditCard  
SET CardNumber_Encrypted = EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('CreditCards_Key11')  
    , CardNumber, 1, HashBytes('SHA1', CONVERT( varbinary  
    , CreditCardID)));  
GO  

-- Verify the encryption.  
-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data.  

OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;  
GO  

-- Now list the original card number, the encrypted card number,  
-- and the decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked,  
-- the original number will match the decrypted number.  

SELECT CardNumber, CardNumber_Encrypted   
    AS 'Encrypted card number', CONVERT(nvarchar,  
    DecryptByKey(CardNumber_Encrypted, 1 ,   
    HashBytes('SHA1', CONVERT(varbinary, CreditCardID))))  
    AS 'Decrypted card number' FROM Sales.CreditCard;  
GO

使用包含验证器的对称加密对数据列进行加密

在 “对象资源管理器” 中，连接到数据库引擎的实例。
在标准菜单栏上，单击 “新建查询” 。

将以下示例复制并粘贴到查询窗口中，然后单击“执行” 。

USE AdventureWorks2012;  
GO  

--If there is no master key, create one now.   
IF NOT EXISTS   
    (SELECT * FROM sys.symmetric_keys WHERE symmetric_key_id = 101)  
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY   
    PASSWORD = '23987hxJKL969#ghf0%94467GRkjg5k3fd117r$$#1946kcj$n44nhdlj'  
GO  

CREATE CERTIFICATE HumanResources037  
   WITH SUBJECT = 'Employee Social Security Numbers';  
GO  

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01  
    WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256  
    ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;  
GO  

USE [AdventureWorks2012];  
GO  

-- Create a column in which to store the encrypted data.  
ALTER TABLE HumanResources.Employee  
    ADD EncryptedNationalIDNumber varbinary(128);   
GO  

-- Open the symmetric key with which to encrypt the data.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;  

-- Encrypt the value in column NationalIDNumber with symmetric   
-- key SSN_Key_01. Save the result in column EncryptedNationalIDNumber.  
UPDATE HumanResources.Employee  
SET EncryptedNationalIDNumber = EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('SSN_Key_01'), NationalIDNumber);  
GO  

-- Verify the encryption.  
-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;  
GO  

-- Now list the original ID, the encrypted ID, and the   
-- decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked, the original  
-- and the decrypted ID will match.  
SELECT NationalIDNumber, EncryptedNationalIDNumber   
    AS 'Encrypted ID Number',  
    CONVERT(nvarchar, DecryptByKey(EncryptedNationalIDNumber))   
    AS 'Decrypted ID Number'  
    FROM HumanResources.Employee;  
GO

有关详细信息，请参阅以下主题：

通过

加密数据列

开始之前

安全性

权限

“使用 Transact-SQL”

使用简单对称加密对数据列进行加密

使用包含验证器的对称加密对数据列进行加密

其他资源