通过

加密数据列

  • 项目

本主题介绍如何使用 Transact-SQL 在 SQL Server 2012 中通过对称加密对数据列进行加密。

本主题内容

  • 开始之前：

    安全性

  • 使用 Transact-SQL 对数据列进行加密

开始之前

安全性

权限

下面的权限是执行以下步骤所必需的：

  • 针对数据库的 CONTROL 权限。

  • 针对数据库的 CREATE CERTIFICATE 权限。 只有 Windows 登录名、SQL Server 登录名和应用程序角色才能拥有证书。 其他组和角色不能拥有证书。

  • 对表的 ALTER 权限。

  • 针对密钥的某些权限，并且必须未被拒绝授予 VIEW DEFINITION 权限。

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使用 Transact-SQL

使用简单对称加密对数据列进行加密

  1. 在**“对象资源管理器”**中，连接到数据库引擎实例。

  2. 在标准菜单栏上，单击**“新建查询”**。

  3. 将以下示例复制并粘贴到查询窗口中，然后单击**“执行”**。

    USE AdventureWorks2012;
--If there is no master key, create one now. 
IF NOT EXISTS 
    (SELECT * FROM sys.symmetric_keys WHERE symmetric_key_id = 101)
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY 
    PASSWORD = '23987hxJKL95QYV4369#ghf0%lekjg5k3fd117r$$#1946kcj$n44ncjhdlj'
GO

CREATE CERTIFICATE Sales09
   WITH SUBJECT = 'Customer Credit Card Numbers';
GO

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11
    WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256
    ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;
GO

-- Create a column in which to store the encrypted data.
ALTER TABLE Sales.CreditCard 
    ADD CardNumber_Encrypted varbinary(128); 
GO

-- Open the symmetric key with which to encrypt the data.
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;

-- Encrypt the value in column CardNumber using the
-- symmetric key CreditCards_Key11.
-- Save the result in column CardNumber_Encrypted.  
UPDATE Sales.CreditCard
SET CardNumber_Encrypted = EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('CreditCards_Key11')
    , CardNumber, 1, HashBytes('SHA1', CONVERT( varbinary
    , CreditCardID)));
GO

-- Verify the encryption.
-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data.

OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;
GO

-- Now list the original card number, the encrypted card number,
-- and the decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked,
-- the original number will match the decrypted number.

SELECT CardNumber, CardNumber_Encrypted 
    AS 'Encrypted card number', CONVERT(nvarchar,
    DecryptByKey(CardNumber_Encrypted, 1 , 
    HashBytes('SHA1', CONVERT(varbinary, CreditCardID))))
    AS 'Decrypted card number' FROM Sales.CreditCard;
GO

使用包含验证器的对称加密对数据列进行加密

  1. 在**“对象资源管理器”**中，连接到数据库引擎实例。

  2. 在标准菜单栏上，单击**“新建查询”**。

  3. 将以下示例复制并粘贴到查询窗口中，然后单击**“执行”**。

    USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO

--If there is no master key, create one now. 
IF NOT EXISTS 
    (SELECT * FROM sys.symmetric_keys WHERE symmetric_key_id = 101)
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY 
    PASSWORD = '23987hxJKL969#ghf0%94467GRkjg5k3fd117r$$#1946kcj$n44nhdlj'
GO

CREATE CERTIFICATE HumanResources037
   WITH SUBJECT = 'Employee Social Security Numbers';
GO

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01
    WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256
    ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;
GO

USE [AdventureWorks2012];
GO

-- Create a column in which to store the encrypted data.
ALTER TABLE HumanResources.Employee
    ADD EncryptedNationalIDNumber varbinary(128); 
GO

-- Open the symmetric key with which to encrypt the data.
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;

-- Encrypt the value in column NationalIDNumber with symmetric 
-- key SSN_Key_01. Save the result in column EncryptedNationalIDNumber.
UPDATE HumanResources.Employee
SET EncryptedNationalIDNumber = EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('SSN_Key_01'), NationalIDNumber);
GO

-- Verify the encryption.
-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data.
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;
GO

-- Now list the original ID, the encrypted ID, and the 
-- decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked, the original
-- and the decrypted ID will match.
SELECT NationalIDNumber, EncryptedNationalIDNumber 
    AS 'Encrypted ID Number',
    CONVERT(nvarchar, DecryptByKey(EncryptedNationalIDNumber)) 
    AS 'Decrypted ID Number'
    FROM HumanResources.Employee;
GO

有关详细信息，请参见以下内容：

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