EXISTS (Transact-SQL)

项目
09/10/2013

指定一个子查询，测试行是否存在。

语法

EXISTS subquery

参数

subquery
受限制的 SELECT 语句。不允许使用 INTO 关键字。有关详细信息，请参阅 SELECT (Transact-SQL) 中有关子查询的信息。

结果类型

Boolean

结果值

如果子查询包含任何行，则返回 TRUE。

示例

A.在子查询中使用 NULL 仍然返回结果集

以下示例返回在子查询中指定了 NULL 时的结果集，并且通过使用 EXISTS 仍然求值为 TRUE。

USE AdventureWorks2012 ;
GO
SELECT DepartmentID, Name 
FROM HumanResources.Department 
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT NULL)
ORDER BY Name ASC ;

B.比较使用 EXISTS 和 IN 的查询

以下示例比较了两个语义等同的查询。第一个查询使用 EXISTS，第二个查询使用 IN。

USE AdventureWorks2012 ;
GO
SELECT a.FirstName, a.LastName
FROM Person.Person AS a
WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT * 
    FROM HumanResources.Employee AS b
    WHERE a.BusinessEntityID = b.BusinessEntityID
    AND a.LastName = 'Johnson');
GO

下面的查询使用 IN。

USE AdventureWorks2012 ;
GO
SELECT a.FirstName, a.LastName
FROM Person.Person AS a
WHERE a.LastName IN
(SELECT a.LastName
    FROM HumanResources.Employee AS b
    WHERE a.BusinessEntityID = b.BusinessEntityID
    AND a.LastName = 'Johnson');
GO

以下是其中任一查询的结果集。

FirstName LastName

-------------------------------------------------- ----------

Barry Johnson

David Johnson

Willis Johnson

(3 row(s) affected)

C.比较使用 EXISTS 和 = ANY 的查询

以下示例显示两个查找其名称与供应商名称相同的商店的查询。第一个查询使用 EXISTS，第二个查询使用 = ANY。

USE AdventureWorks2012 ;
GO
SELECT DISTINCT s.Name
FROM Sales.Store AS s 
WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT *
    FROM Purchasing.Vendor AS v
    WHERE s.Name = v.Name) ;
GO

下面的查询使用 = ANY。

USE AdventureWorks2012 ;
GO
SELECT DISTINCT s.Name
FROM Sales.Store AS s 
WHERE s.Name = ANY
(SELECT v.Name
    FROM Purchasing.Vendor AS v ) ;
GO

D.比较使用 EXISTS 和 IN 的查询

以下示例显示查找以 P 开头的部门员工的查询。

USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.JobTitle
FROM Person.Person AS p 
JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e
   ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID 
WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT *
    FROM HumanResources.Department AS d
    JOIN HumanResources.EmployeeDepartmentHistory AS edh
       ON d.DepartmentID = edh.DepartmentID
    WHERE e.BusinessEntityID = edh.BusinessEntityID
    AND d.Name LIKE 'P%');
GO

下面的查询使用 IN。

USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.JobTitle
FROM Person.Person AS p JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e
   ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID 
JOIN HumanResources.EmployeeDepartmentHistory AS edh
   ON e.BusinessEntityID = edh.BusinessEntityID 
WHERE edh.DepartmentID IN
(SELECT DepartmentID
   FROM HumanResources.Department
   WHERE Name LIKE 'P%');
GO

E.使用 NOT EXISTS

NOT EXISTS 的作用与 EXISTS 正相反。如果子查询没有返回行，则满足 NOT EXISTS 中的 WHERE 子句。以下示例查找不在部门中且姓名以 P 开头的员工。

SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.JobTitle
FROM Person.Person AS p 
JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e
   ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID 
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT *
   FROM HumanResources.Department AS d
   JOIN HumanResources.EmployeeDepartmentHistory AS edh
      ON d.DepartmentID = edh.DepartmentID
   WHERE e.BusinessEntityID = edh.BusinessEntityID
   AND d.Name LIKE 'P%')
ORDER BY LastName, FirstName
GO

下面是结果集：

FirstName LastName Title

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------

Syed Abbas Pacific Sales Manager

Hazem Abolrous Quality Assurance Manager

Humberto Acevedo Application Specialist

Pilar Ackerman Shipping & Receiving Superviso

François Ajenstat Database Administrator

Amy Alberts European Sales Manager

Sean Alexander Quality Assurance Technician

Pamela Ansman-Wolfe Sales Representative

Zainal Arifin Document Control Manager

David Barber Assistant to CFO

Paula Barreto de Mattos Human Resources Manager

Shai Bassli Facilities Manager

Wanida Benshoof Marketing Assistant

Karen Berg Application Specialist

Karen Berge Document Control Assistant

Andreas Berglund Quality Assurance Technician

Matthias Berndt Shipping & Receiving Clerk

Jo Berry Janitor

Jimmy Bischoff Stocker

Michael Blythe Sales Representative

David Bradley Marketing Manager

Kevin Brown Marketing Assistant

David Campbell Sales Representative

Jason Carlson Information Services Manager

Fernando Caro Sales Representative

Sean Chai Document Control Assistant

Sootha Charncherngkha Quality Assurance Technician

Hao Chen HR Administrative Assistant

Kevin Chrisulis Network Administrator

Pat Coleman Janitor

Stephanie Conroy Network Manager

Debra Core Application Specialist

Ovidiu Crãcium Sr. Tool Designer

Grant Culbertson HR Administrative Assistant

Mary Dempsey Marketing Assistant

Thierry D'Hers Tool Designer

Terri Duffy VP Engineering

Susan Eaton Stocker

Terry Eminhizer Marketing Specialist

Gail Erickson Design Engineer

Janice Galvin Tool Designer

Mary Gibson Marketing Specialist

Jossef Goldberg Design Engineer

Sariya Harnpadoungsataya Marketing Specialist

Mark Harrington Quality Assurance Technician

Magnus Hedlund Facilities Assistant

Shu Ito Sales Representative

Stephen Jiang North American Sales Manager

Willis Johnson Recruiter

Brannon Jones Finance Manager

Tengiz Kharatishvili Control Specialist

Christian Kleinerman Maintenance Supervisor

Vamsi Kuppa Shipping & Receiving Clerk

David Liu Accounts Manager

Vidur Luthra Recruiter

Stuart Macrae Janitor

Diane Margheim Research & Development Enginee

Mindy Martin Benefits Specialist

Gigi Matthew Research & Development Enginee

Tete Mensa-Annan Sales Representative

Ramesh Meyyappan Application Specialist

Dylan Miller Research & Development Manager

Linda Mitchell Sales Representative

Barbara Moreland Accountant

Laura Norman Chief Financial Officer

Chris Norred Control Specialist

Jae Pak Sales Representative

Wanda Parks Janitor

Deborah Poe Accounts Receivable Specialist

Kim Ralls Stocker

Tsvi Reiter Sales Representative

Sharon Salavaria Design Engineer

Ken Sanchez Chief Executive Officer

José Saraiva Sales Representative

Mike Seamans Accountant

Ashvini Sharma Network Administrator

Janet Sheperdigian Accounts Payable Specialist

Candy Spoon Accounts Receivable Specialist

Michael Sullivan Sr. Design Engineer

Dragan Tomic Accounts Payable Specialist

Lynn Tsoflias Sales Representative

Rachel Valdez Sales Representative

Garrett Vargar Sales Representative

Ranjit Varkey Chudukatil Sales Representative

Bryan Walton Accounts Receivable Specialist

Jian Shuo Wang Engineering Manager

Brian Welcker VP Sales

Jill Williams Marketing Specialist

Dan Wilson Database Administrator

John Wood Marketing Specialist

Peng Wu Quality Assurance Supervisor

(91 row(s) affected)

请参阅

参考

表达式（Transact-SQL)

内置函数 (Transact-SQL)

WHERE (Transact-SQL)

通过