如何将增量数据变更下载到客户端
本主题演示如何将服务器数据库中的增量数据变更下载到 Microsoft SQL Server Compact 3.5 SP1 客户端数据库。本主题中的示例着重介绍以下 Sync Services 类型：
有关如何运行示例代码的信息，请参见对常见客户端与服务器同步任务进行编程中的“帮助主题中的示例应用程序”。
示例
本主题中的示例代码演示如何为 Sync Services 示例数据库中的 Customer 表配置仅限下载同步。有关用于指定同步方向的属性的概述，请参见如何指定快照同步、下载同步、上载同步和双向同步。
仅限下载同步要求在服务器数据库中跟踪增量数据变更并将这些变更应用于客户端数据库。Sync Services 负责处理客户端数据库。但是，必须配置服务器数据库并指定从服务器数据库中选择变更的命令。示例代码包括了这些命令。有关如何配置服务器数据库的信息，请参见跟踪服务器数据库中的变更。
API 的要点
本节提供的代码示例指出了在仅限下载同步中使用的 API 的要点。下面的代码示例指定了同步方向以及在客户端上创建表的方式。
SyncTable customerSyncTable = new SyncTable("Customer");
customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable;
customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly;
customerSyncTable.SyncGroup = customerSyncGroup;
this.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable);
Dim customerSyncTable As New SyncTable("Customer")
customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable
customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly
customerSyncTable.SyncGroup = customerSyncGroup
Me.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable)
以下代码示例指定一条从服务器中检索新定位点值的命令。在本例中，将检索时间戳值并存储在客户端数据库中。在每次同步期间，将使用新的定位点值以及来自先前同步的上一个定位点值：将对在这两个作为上下限的定位点值之间做出的变更进行同步。您将会看到在用来从服务器数据库中选择变更的命令中使用的定位点参数。
SqlCommand selectNewAnchorCommand = new SqlCommand();
string newAnchorVariable = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor;
selectNewAnchorCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1";
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters[newAnchorVariable].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
selectNewAnchorCommand.Connection = serverConn;
this.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand;
Dim selectNewAnchorCommand As New SqlCommand()
Dim newAnchorVariable As String = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor
With selectNewAnchorCommand
.CommandText = "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1"
.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Parameters(newAnchorVariable).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
.Connection = serverConn
End With
Me.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand
下面的代码示例指定一条从服务器上选择要应用于客户端的增量更新的命令。这是一个包括了要同步的列的 SELECT 语句。此外，还有一个使用跟踪列和 SelectNewAnchorCommand 检索的定位点值的 WHERE 子句。有关定位点和其他会话变量的更多信息，请参见如何使用会话变量。有关如何筛选所下载数据的信息，请参见如何筛选行和列。
SqlCommand customerIncrUpdates = new SqlCommand();
customerIncrUpdates.CommandText =
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " +
"FROM Sales.Customer " +
"WHERE (UpdateTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " +
"AND UpdateTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor " +
"AND NOT (InsertTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor))";
customerIncrUpdates.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrUpdates.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrUpdates.Connection = serverConn;
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalUpdatesCommand = customerIncrUpdates;
Dim customerIncrUpdates As New SqlCommand()
With customerIncrUpdates
.CommandText = _
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " _
& "FROM Sales.Customer " _
& "WHERE (UpdateTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " _
& "AND UpdateTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor " _
& "AND NOT (InsertTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor))"
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Connection = serverConn
End With
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalUpdatesCommand = customerIncrUpdates
完整的代码示例
下面的完整代码示例包括了上面介绍的代码示例以及用于执行同步的其他代码。此外，还应了解如何使用 SyncStatistics 显示与同步会话有关的信息。示例需要 Utility 类，可通过用于 Sync Services 帮助主题的 Utility 类获得该类。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlServerCe;
using Microsoft.Synchronization;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.Server;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe;
namespace Microsoft.Samples.Synchronization
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//The Utility class handles all functionality that is not
//directly related to synchronization, such as holding
//connection string information and making changes to the
//server and client databases.
Utility util = new Utility();
//The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
//object that the Synchronize method returns.
SampleStats sampleStats = new SampleStats();
//Request a password for the client database, and delete
//and re-create the database. The client synchronization
//provider also enables you to create the client database
//if it does not exist.
util.SetClientPassword();
util.RecreateClientDatabase();
//Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncAgent
//and call Synchronize.
SampleSyncAgent sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent();
SyncStatistics syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial");
//Make changes on the server.
util.MakeDataChangesOnServer("Customer");
//Subsequent synchronization.
syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");
//Return server data back to its original state.
util.CleanUpServer();
//Exit.
Console.Write("\nPress Enter to close the window.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
//Create a class that is derived from
//Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncAgent.
public class SampleSyncAgent : SyncAgent
{
public SampleSyncAgent()
{
//Instantiate a client synchronization provider and specify it
//as the local provider for this synchronization agent.
this.LocalProvider = new SampleClientSyncProvider();
//Instantiate a server synchronization provider and specify it
//as the remote provider for this synchronization agent.
this.RemoteProvider = new SampleServerSyncProvider();
//Create a Customer SyncGroup. This is not required
//for the single table we are synchronizing; it is typically
//used so that changes to multiple related tables are
//synchronized at the same time.
SyncGroup customerSyncGroup = new SyncGroup("Customer");
//Add the Customer table: specify a synchronization direction of
//DownloadOnly and that an existing table should be dropped.
SyncTable customerSyncTable = new SyncTable("Customer");
customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable;
customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly;
customerSyncTable.SyncGroup = customerSyncGroup;
this.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable);
}
}
//Create a class that is derived from
//Microsoft.Synchronization.Server.DbServerSyncProvider.
public class SampleServerSyncProvider : DbServerSyncProvider
{
public SampleServerSyncProvider()
{
//Create a connection to the sample server database.
Utility util = new Utility();
SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(util.ServerConnString);
this.Connection = serverConn;
//Create a command to retrieve a new anchor value from
//the server. In this case, we use a timestamp value
//that is retrieved and stored in the client database.
//During each synchronization, the new anchor value and
//the last anchor value from the previous synchronization
//are used: the set of changes between these upper and
//lower bounds is synchronized.
//
//SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor is a string constant;
//you could also use @sync_new_received_anchor directly in
//your queries.
SqlCommand selectNewAnchorCommand = new SqlCommand();
string newAnchorVariable = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor;
selectNewAnchorCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1";
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters[newAnchorVariable].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
selectNewAnchorCommand.Connection = serverConn;
this.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand;
//Create a SyncAdapter for the Customer table, and then define
//the commands to synchronize changes:
//* SelectIncrementalInsertsCommand, SelectIncrementalUpdatesCommand,
// and SelectIncrementalDeletesCommand are used to select changes
// from the server that the client provider then applies to the client.
//Create the SyncAdapter.
SyncAdapter customerSyncAdapter = new SyncAdapter("Customer");
//Select inserts from the server.
SqlCommand customerIncrInserts = new SqlCommand();
customerIncrInserts.CommandText =
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " +
"FROM Sales.Customer " +
"WHERE (InsertTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " +
"AND InsertTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor)";
customerIncrInserts.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrInserts.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrInserts.Connection = serverConn;
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalInsertsCommand = customerIncrInserts;
//Select updates from the server.
SqlCommand customerIncrUpdates = new SqlCommand();
customerIncrUpdates.CommandText =
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " +
"FROM Sales.Customer " +
"WHERE (UpdateTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " +
"AND UpdateTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor " +
"AND NOT (InsertTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor))";
customerIncrUpdates.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrUpdates.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrUpdates.Connection = serverConn;
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalUpdatesCommand = customerIncrUpdates;
//Select deletes from the server.
SqlCommand customerIncrDeletes = new SqlCommand();
customerIncrDeletes.CommandText =
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " +
"FROM Sales.Customer_Tombstone " +
"WHERE (@sync_initialized = 1 " +
"AND DeleteTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " +
"AND DeleteTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor)";
customerIncrDeletes.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncInitialized, SqlDbType.Bit);
customerIncrDeletes.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrDeletes.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
customerIncrDeletes.Connection = serverConn;
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalDeletesCommand = customerIncrDeletes;
//Add the SyncAdapter to the server synchronization provider.
this.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter);
}
}
//Create a class that is derived from
//Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeClientSyncProvider.
//You can just instantiate the provider directly and associate it
//with the SyncAgent, but here we use this class to handle client
//provider events.
public class SampleClientSyncProvider : SqlCeClientSyncProvider
{
public SampleClientSyncProvider()
{
//Specify a connection string for the sample client database.
Utility util = new Utility();
this.ConnectionString = util.ClientConnString;
//Unlike Bidirectional and UploadOnly synchronization, we do
//not have to make schema changes for the Customer table. In
//those scenarios, we added defaults because inserts were made
//directly into the client database. We handle the events here
//so that we can write to the screen.
this.CreatingSchema += new EventHandler<CreatingSchemaEventArgs>(SampleClientSyncProvider_CreatingSchema);
this.SchemaCreated += new EventHandler<SchemaCreatedEventArgs>(SampleClientSyncProvider_SchemaCreated);
}
private void SampleClientSyncProvider_CreatingSchema(object sender, CreatingSchemaEventArgs e)
{
Console.Write("Creating schema for " + e.Table.TableName + " | ");
}
private void SampleClientSyncProvider_SchemaCreated(object sender, SchemaCreatedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Schema created for " + e.Table.TableName);
}
}
//Handle the statistics returned by the SyncAgent.
public class SampleStats
{
public void DisplayStats(SyncStatistics syncStatistics, string syncType)
{
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
if (syncType == "initial")
{
Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******");
}
else if (syncType == "subsequent")
{
Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****");
}
Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncStartTime);
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " + syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded);
Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime);
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
}
}
}
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlServerCe
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.Server
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe
Class Program
Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
'The Utility class handles all functionality that is not
'directly related to synchronization, such as holding
'connection string information and making changes to the
'server and client databases.
Dim util As New Utility()
'The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
'object that the Synchronize method returns.
Dim sampleStats As New SampleStats()
'Request a password for the client database, and delete
'and re-create the database. The client synchronization
'provider also enables you to create the client database
'if it does not exist.
util.SetClientPassword()
util.RecreateClientDatabase()
'Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncAgent
'and call Synchronize.
Dim sampleSyncAgent As New SampleSyncAgent()
Dim syncStatistics As SyncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial")
'Make changes on the server.
util.MakeDataChangesOnServer("Customer")
'Subsequent synchronization.
syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")
'Return server data back to its original state.
util.CleanUpServer()
'Exit.
Console.Write(vbLf + "Press Enter to close the window.")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Program
'Create a class that is derived from
'Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncAgent.
Public Class SampleSyncAgent
Inherits SyncAgent
Public Sub New()
'Instantiate a client synchronization provider and specify it
'as the local provider for this synchronization agent.
Me.LocalProvider = New SampleClientSyncProvider()
'Instantiate a server synchronization provider and specify it
'as the remote provider for this synchronization agent.
Me.RemoteProvider = New SampleServerSyncProvider()
'Create a Customer SyncGroup. This is not required
'for the single table we are synchronizing; it is typically
'used so that changes to multiple related tables are
'synchronized at the same time.
Dim customerSyncGroup As New SyncGroup("Customer")
'Add the Customer table: specify a synchronization direction of
'DownloadOnly and that an existing table should be dropped.
Dim customerSyncTable As New SyncTable("Customer")
customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable
customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly
customerSyncTable.SyncGroup = customerSyncGroup
Me.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable)
End Sub 'New
End Class 'SampleSyncAgent
'Create a class that is derived from
'Microsoft.Synchronization.Server.DbServerSyncProvider.
Public Class SampleServerSyncProvider
Inherits DbServerSyncProvider
Public Sub New()
'Create a connection to the sample server database.
Dim util As New Utility()
Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(util.ServerConnString)
Me.Connection = serverConn
'Create a command to retrieve a new anchor value from
'the server. In this case, we use a timestamp value
'that is retrieved and stored in the client database.
'During each synchronization, the new anchor value and
'the last anchor value from the previous synchronization
'are used: the set of changes between these upper and
'lower bounds is synchronized.
'
'SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor is a string constant;
'you could also use @sync_new_received_anchor directly in
'your queries.
Dim selectNewAnchorCommand As New SqlCommand()
Dim newAnchorVariable As String = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor
With selectNewAnchorCommand
.CommandText = "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1"
.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Parameters(newAnchorVariable).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
.Connection = serverConn
End With
Me.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand
'Create a SyncAdapter for the Customer table, and then define
'the commands to synchronize changes:
'* SelectIncrementalInsertsCommand, SelectIncrementalUpdatesCommand,
' and SelectIncrementalDeletesCommand are used to select changes
' from the server that the client provider then applies to the client.
'Create the SyncAdapter.
Dim customerSyncAdapter As New SyncAdapter("Customer")
'Select inserts from the server.
Dim customerIncrInserts As New SqlCommand()
With customerIncrInserts
.CommandText = _
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " _
& "FROM Sales.Customer " _
& "WHERE (InsertTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " _
& "AND InsertTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor)"
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Connection = serverConn
End With
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalInsertsCommand = customerIncrInserts
'Select updates from the server.
Dim customerIncrUpdates As New SqlCommand()
With customerIncrUpdates
.CommandText = _
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " _
& "FROM Sales.Customer " _
& "WHERE (UpdateTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " _
& "AND UpdateTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor " _
& "AND NOT (InsertTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor))"
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Connection = serverConn
End With
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalUpdatesCommand = customerIncrUpdates
'Select deletes from the server.
Dim customerIncrDeletes As New SqlCommand()
With customerIncrDeletes
.CommandText = _
"SELECT CustomerId, CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType " _
& "FROM Sales.Customer_Tombstone " _
& "WHERE (@sync_initialized = 1 " _
& "AND DeleteTimestamp > @sync_last_received_anchor " _
& "AND DeleteTimestamp <= @sync_new_received_anchor)"
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncInitialized, SqlDbType.Bit)
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncLastReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Parameters.Add("@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
.Connection = serverConn
End With
customerSyncAdapter.SelectIncrementalDeletesCommand = customerIncrDeletes
'Add the SyncAdapter to the server synchronization provider.
Me.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter)
End Sub 'New
End Class 'SampleServerSyncProvider
'Create a class that is derived from
'Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeClientSyncProvider.
'You can just instantiate the provider directly and associate it
'with the SyncAgent, but here we use this class to handle client
'provider events.
Public Class SampleClientSyncProvider
Inherits SqlCeClientSyncProvider
Public Sub New()
'Specify a connection string for the sample client database.
Dim util As New Utility()
Me.ConnectionString = util.ClientConnString
'Unlike Bidirectional and UploadOnly synchronization, we do
'not need to make schema changes for the Customer table. In
'those scenarios, we add defaults because inserts are made
'directly into the client database. We handle the events here
'so that we can write to the screen.
AddHandler Me.CreatingSchema, AddressOf SampleClientSyncProvider_CreatingSchema
AddHandler Me.SchemaCreated, AddressOf SampleClientSyncProvider_SchemaCreated
End Sub 'New
Private Sub SampleClientSyncProvider_CreatingSchema(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CreatingSchemaEventArgs)
Console.Write("Creating schema for " + e.Table.TableName + " | ")
End Sub 'SampleClientSyncProvider_CreatingSchema
Private Sub SampleClientSyncProvider_SchemaCreated(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As SchemaCreatedEventArgs)
Console.WriteLine("Schema created for " + e.Table.TableName)
End Sub 'SampleClientSyncProvider_SchemaCreated
End Class 'SampleClientSyncProvider
'Handle the statistics returned by the SyncAgent.
Public Class SampleStats
Public Sub DisplayStats(ByVal syncStatistics As SyncStatistics, ByVal syncType As String)
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)
If syncType = "initial" Then
Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******")
ElseIf syncType = "subsequent" Then
Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****")
End If
Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncStartTime)
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " & syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded)
Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime)
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)
End Sub 'DisplayStats
End Class 'SampleStats