限定符操作

更新：2007 年 11 月

限定符运算返回一个 Boolean 值，该值指示序列中是否有一些元素满足条件或是否所有元素都满足条件。

下图描述了两个不同源序列上的两个不同限定符运算。第一个运算询问是否有一个或多个元素为字符“A”，结果为 true。第二个运算询问是否所有元素都为字符“A”，结果为 true。

以下部分列出了执行限定符运算的标准查询运算符方法。

方法

方法名	说明	C# 查询表达式语法	Visual Basic 查询表达式语法	更多信息
All	确定是否序列中的所有元素都满足条件。	不适用。	Aggregate … In … Into All(…)	Enumerable.All<TSource> Queryable.All<TSource>
Any	确定序列中是否有元素满足条件。	不适用。	Aggregate … In … Into Any()	Enumerable.Any Queryable.Any
Contains	确定序列是否包含指定的元素。	不适用。	不适用。	Enumerable.Contains Queryable.Contains

查询表达式语法示例

下面这些示例将 Visual Basic 中的 Aggregate 子句用作 LINQ 查询中的筛选条件的一部分。

第一个示例使用 Aggregate 子句和 All<TSource> 扩展方法从集合中返回其宠物的年龄全都大于指定年龄的人员。

Class Person
    Private _name As String
    Private _pets As Pet()

    Public Property Name() As String
        Get
            Return _name
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _name = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Pets() As Pet()
        Get
            Return _pets
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Pet())
            _pets = value
        End Set
    End Property
End Class

Class Pet
    Private _name As String
    Private _age As Integer

    Public Property Name() As String
        Get
            Return _name
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _name = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Age() As Integer
        Get
            Return _age
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Integer)
            _age = value
        End Set
    End Property
End Class

Sub All()
    Dim barley As New Pet With {.Name = "Barley", .Age = 4}
    Dim boots As New Pet With {.Name = "Boots", .Age = 1}
    Dim whiskers As New Pet With {.Name = "Whiskers", .Age = 6}
    Dim bluemoon As New Pet With {.Name = "Blue Moon", .Age = 9}
    Dim daisy As New Pet With {.Name = "Daisy", .Age = 3}

    Dim charlotte As New Person With {.Name = "Charlotte", .Pets = New Pet() {barley, boots}}
    Dim arlene As New Person With {.Name = "Arlene", .Pets = New Pet() {whiskers}}
    Dim rui As New Person With {.Name = "Rui", .Pets = New Pet() {bluemoon, daisy}}

    ' Create the list of Person objects that will be queried.
    Dim people As New System.Collections.Generic.List(Of Person)(New Person() {charlotte, arlene, rui})

    Dim query = From pers In people _
                Where (Aggregate pt In pers.Pets Into All(pt.Age > 2)) _
                Select pers.Name

    Dim sb As New System.Text.StringBuilder()
    For Each name As String In query
        sb.AppendLine(name)
    Next

    ' Display the results.
    MsgBox(sb.ToString())

    ' This code produces the following output:

    ' Arlene
    ' Rui

End Sub

第二个示例使用 Aggregate 子句和 Any 扩展方法从集合中返回那些至少有一只宠物的年龄大于指定年龄的人员。

Class Person
    Private _name As String
    Private _pets As Pet()

    Public Property Name() As String
        Get
            Return _name
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _name = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Pets() As Pet()
        Get
            Return _pets
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Pet())
            _pets = value
        End Set
    End Property
End Class

Class Pet
    Private _name As String
    Private _age As Integer

    Public Property Name() As String
        Get
            Return _name
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _name = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Age() As Integer
        Get
            Return _age
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Integer)
            _age = value
        End Set
    End Property
End Class

Sub Any()
    Dim barley As New Pet With {.Name = "Barley", .Age = 4}
    Dim boots As New Pet With {.Name = "Boots", .Age = 1}
    Dim whiskers As New Pet With {.Name = "Whiskers", .Age = 6}
    Dim bluemoon As New Pet With {.Name = "Blue Moon", .Age = 9}
    Dim daisy As New Pet With {.Name = "Daisy", .Age = 3}

    Dim charlotte As New Person With {.Name = "Charlotte", .Pets = New Pet() {barley, boots}}
    Dim arlene As New Person With {.Name = "Arlene", .Pets = New Pet() {whiskers}}
    Dim rui As New Person With {.Name = "Rui", .Pets = New Pet() {bluemoon, daisy}}

    ' Create the list of Person objects that will be queried.
    Dim people As New System.Collections.Generic.List(Of Person)(New Person() {charlotte, arlene, rui})

    Dim query = From pers In people _
                Where (Aggregate pt In pers.Pets Into Any(pt.Age > 7)) _
                Select pers.Name

    Dim sb As New System.Text.StringBuilder()
    For Each name As String In query
        sb.AppendLine(name)
    Next

    ' Display the results.
    MsgBox(sb.ToString())

    ' This code produces the following output:

    ' Rui

End Sub

有关如何执行限定运算的更多信息

Topic	Location
如何：查询包含一组指定词语的句子 (LINQ)	语言集成查询 (LINQ)
如何：查询包含一组指定词语的句子 (LINQ)	dv_Linq
如何：查询包含一组指定词语的句子 (LINQ)	dv_Linq

请参见

任务

如何：在运行时动态指定谓词筛选器（C# 编程指南）

概念

标准查询运算符概述

参考

Aggregate 子句 (Visual Basic)

System.Linq