演练：创建 MenuAction

项目
08/18/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

本演练演示如何为 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 自定义控件创建设计时菜单提供程序。可以使用此快捷菜单项在自定义按钮控件上设置 Background 属性的值。有关完整的代码列表，请参见如何：创建 MenuAction。

在本演练中，您将执行下列任务：

创建一个 WPF 自定义控件库项目。
为设计时元数据创建一个单独的程序集。
实现菜单提供程序。
在设计时使用控件。

完成本演练后，您将知道如何为自定义控件创建菜单提供程序。

说明：
显示的对话框和菜单命令可能会与“帮助”中的描述不同，具体取决于您的当前设置或版本。若要更改设置，请在“工具”菜单上选择“导入和导出设置”。有关更多信息，请参见 Visual Studio 设置。

先决条件

您需要以下组件来完成本演练：

Visual Studio 2008.

创建自定义控件

第一步是为自定义控件创建项目。该控件是一个带有少量设计时代码的简单按钮，该按钮使用 GetIsInDesignMode 方法来实现设计时行为。

创建自定义控件

使用 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 创建一个名为 CustomControlLibrary 的新 WPF 自定义控件库项目。

CustomControl1 的代码在“代码编辑器”中打开。
在“解决方案资源管理器”中，将代码文件的名称更改为 ButtonWithDesignTime.cs 或 ButtonWithDesignTime.vb。如果出现询问是否要对此项目中的所有引用执行重命名操作的消息框，请单击“是”。
在“解决方案资源管理器”中展开 Themes 文件夹。
双击 Generic.xaml。

Generic.xaml 在 WPF 设计器中打开。
在 XAML 视图中，将“CustomControl1”的所有匹配项都替换为“ButtonWithDesignTime”。
在“代码编辑器”中打开 ButtonWithDesignTime.cs 或 ButtonWithDesignTime.vb。

用下面的代码替换自动生成的代码。此代码从 Button 继承而来，当按钮出现在设计器中时，将显示文本“已激活设计模式”。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows.Media
Imports System.ComponentModel

Public Class ButtonWithDesignTime
    Inherits Button

    Public Sub New()
        ' The GetIsInDesignMode check and the following design-time 
        ' code are optional and shown only for demonstration.
        If DesignerProperties.GetIsInDesignMode(Me) Then
            Content = "Design mode active"
        End If

    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace CustomControlLibrary
{
    public class ButtonWithDesignTime : Button
    {
        public ButtonWithDesignTime()
        {
            // The GetIsInDesignMode check and the following design-time 
            // code are optional and shown only for demonstration.
            if (DesignerProperties.GetIsInDesignMode(this))
            {
                Content = "Design mode active";
            }
        }
    }
}

将项目的输出路径设置为“bin\”。
生成解决方案。

创建设计时元数据程序集

设计时代码在特定元数据程序集中部署。对于本演练，上下文菜单实现在一个名为 CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design 的程序集中部署。

创建设计时元数据程序集

使用 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 为解决方案添加一个名为 CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design 的新类库项目。
将项目的输出路径设置为“..\CustomControlLibrary\bin\”。这样可使控件的程序集与元数据程序集位于同一文件夹中，从而可为设计器启用元数据发现。
添加对下列 WPF 程序集的引用。
- PresentationCore
- PresentationFramework
- WindowsBase
添加对下列 WPF 设计器程序集的引用。
- Microsoft.Windows.Design
- Microsoft.Windows.Design.Extensibility
- Microsoft.Windows.Design.Interaction
添加对 CustomControlLibrary 项目的引用。
在“解决方案资源管理器”中，将 Class1 代码文件的名称更改为 Metadata.cs 或 Metadata.vb。如果出现询问是否要对此项目中的所有引用执行重命名操作的消息框，请单击“是”。

用下面的代码替换自动生成的代码。此代码将创建一个将自定义设计时实现附加到 ButtonWithDesignTime 类的 AttributeTable。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Windows.Media
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows
Imports CustomControlLibrary
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Features
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Metadata
Imports CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design.SliderAdornerLib

' Container for any general design-time metadata to initialize.
' Designers look for a type in the design-time assembly that 
' implements IRegisterMetadata. If found, designers instantiate 
' this class and call its Register() method automatically.
Friend Class Metadata
    Implements IRegisterMetadata

    ' Called by the designer to register any design-time metadata.
    Public Sub Register() Implements IRegisterMetadata.Register
        Dim builder As New AttributeTableBuilder()

        ' Add the menu provider to the design-time metadata.
        builder.AddCustomAttributes(GetType(ButtonWithDesignTime), _
                                    New FeatureAttribute(GetType(CustomContextMenuProvider)))

        MetadataStore.AddAttributeTable(builder.CreateTable())
    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows;

using CustomControlLibrary;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Features;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Metadata;
using SliderAdornerLib;

namespace CiderPropertiesTester
{
    // Container for any general design-time metadata to initialize.
    // Designers look for a type in the design-time assembly that 
    // implements IRegisterMetadata. If found, designers instantiate 
    // this class and call its Register() method automatically.
    internal class Metadata : IRegisterMetadata
    {
        // Called by the designer to register any design-time metadata.
        public void Register()
        {
            AttributeTableBuilder builder = new AttributeTableBuilder();

            // Add the menu provider to the design-time metadata.
            builder.AddCustomAttributes(
                typeof(ButtonWithDesignTime), 
                new FeatureAttribute(typeof(CustomContextMenuProvider)));

            MetadataStore.AddAttributeTable(builder.CreateTable());
        }
    }
}

保存解决方案。

实现菜单提供程序

菜单提供程序在名为 CustomContextMenuProvider 的类型中的实现。通过提供的 MenuAction，可以在设计时设置控件的 Background 属性。

实现菜单提供程序

向 CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design 项目中添加一个名为 CustomContextMenuProvider 的新类。

在 CustomContextMenuProvider 的代码编辑器中，用下面的代码替换自动生成的代码。此代码实现提供自定义 MenuAction 的 PrimarySelectionContextMenuProvider。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Interaction
Imports System.Windows
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Model
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows.Media

' The CustomContextMenuProvider class provides two context menu items
' at design time. These are implemented with the MenuAction class.
Class CustomContextMenuProvider
    Inherits PrimarySelectionContextMenuProvider

    Private setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction As MenuAction
    Private clearBackgroundMenuAction As MenuAction

    ' The provider's constructor sets up the MenuAction objects 
    ' and the the MenuGroup which holds them.
    Public Sub New()

        ' Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
        ' background to Blue.
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction = New MenuAction("Blue")
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checkable = True
        AddHandler setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Execute, AddressOf SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute

        ' Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
        ' background to its default value.
        clearBackgroundMenuAction = New MenuAction("Cleared")
        clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checkable = True
        AddHandler clearBackgroundMenuAction.Execute, AddressOf ClearBackground_Execute

        ' Set up the MenuGroup which holds the MenuAction items.
        Dim backgroundFlyoutGroup As New MenuGroup("SetBackgroundsGroup", "Set Background")

        ' If HasDropDown is false, the group appears inline, 
        ' instead of as a flyout. Set to true.
        backgroundFlyoutGroup.HasDropDown = True
        backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction)
        backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(clearBackgroundMenuAction)
        Me.Items.Add(backgroundFlyoutGroup)

        ' The UpdateItemStatus event is raised immediately before 
        ' this provider shows its tabs, which provides the opportunity 
        ' to set states.
        AddHandler UpdateItemStatus, AddressOf CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus

    End Sub

    ' The following method handles the UpdateItemStatus event.
    ' It sets the MenuAction states according to the state
    ' of the control's Background property. This method is
    ' called before the context menu is shown.
    Sub CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus( _
        ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As MenuActionEventArgs)

        ' Turn everything on, and then based on the value 
        ' of the BackgroundProperty, selectively turn some off.
        clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = False
        clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = True
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = False
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = True

        ' Get a ModelItem which represents the selected control. 
        Dim selectedControl As ModelItem = _
            e.Selection.PrimarySelection

        ' Get the value of the Background property from the ModelItem.
        Dim backgroundProperty As ModelProperty = _
            selectedControl.Properties(Control.BackgroundProperty)

        ' Set the MenuAction items appropriately.
        If Not backgroundProperty.IsSet Then
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = True
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = False
        ElseIf backgroundProperty.ComputedValue.Equals(Brushes.Blue) Then
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = True
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = False
        End If

    End Sub

    ' The following method handles the Execute event. 
    ' It sets the Background property to its default value.
    Sub ClearBackground_Execute( _
        ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As MenuActionEventArgs)

        Dim selectedControl As ModelItem = e.Selection.PrimarySelection
        selectedControl.Properties(Control.BackgroundProperty).ClearValue()

    End Sub

    ' The following method handles the Execute event. 
    ' It sets the Background property to Brushes.Blue.
    Sub SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute( _
        ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As MenuActionEventArgs)

        Dim selectedControl As ModelItem = e.Selection.PrimarySelection
        selectedControl.Properties(Control.BackgroundProperty).SetValue(Brushes.Blue)

    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Interaction;
using System.Windows;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Model;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace SliderAdornerLib
{
    // The CustomContextMenuProvider class provides two context menu items
    // at design time. These are implemented with the MenuAction class.
    class CustomContextMenuProvider : PrimarySelectionContextMenuProvider
    {
        private MenuAction setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction;
        private MenuAction clearBackgroundMenuAction;

        // The provider's constructor sets up the MenuAction objects 
        // and the the MenuGroup which holds them.
        public CustomContextMenuProvider()
        {   
            // Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
            // background to Blue.
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction = new MenuAction("Blue");
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checkable = true;
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Execute += 
                new EventHandler<MenuActionEventArgs>(SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute);

            // Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
            // background to its default value.
            clearBackgroundMenuAction = new MenuAction("Cleared");
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checkable = true;
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Execute += 
                new EventHandler<MenuActionEventArgs>(ClearBackground_Execute);

            // Set up the MenuGroup which holds the MenuAction items.
            MenuGroup backgroundFlyoutGroup = 
                new MenuGroup("SetBackgroundsGroup", "Set Background");

            // If HasDropDown is false, the group appears inline, 
            // instead of as a flyout. Set to true.
            backgroundFlyoutGroup.HasDropDown = true;
            backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction);
            backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(clearBackgroundMenuAction);
            this.Items.Add(backgroundFlyoutGroup);

            // The UpdateItemStatus event is raised immediately before 
            // this provider shows its tabs, which provides the opportunity 
            // to set states.
            UpdateItemStatus += 
                new EventHandler<MenuActionEventArgs>(
                    CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus);
        }

        // The following method handles the UpdateItemStatus event.
        // It sets the MenuAction states according to the state
        // of the control's Background property. This method is
        // called before the context menu is shown.
        void CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus(
            object sender, 
            MenuActionEventArgs e)
        {
            // Turn everything on, and then based on the value 
            // of the BackgroundProperty, selectively turn some off.
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = false;
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = true;
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = false;
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = true;

            // Get a ModelItem which represents the selected control. 
            ModelItem selectedControl = e.Selection.PrimarySelection;

            // Get the value of the Background property from the ModelItem.
            ModelProperty backgroundProperty = 
                selectedControl.Properties[Control.BackgroundProperty];

            // Set the MenuAction items appropriately.
            if (!backgroundProperty.IsSet)
            {
                clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = true;
                clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = false;
            }
            else if (backgroundProperty.ComputedValue == Brushes.Blue)
            {
                setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = true;
                setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = false;
            }
        }

        // The following method handles the Execute event. 
        // It sets the Background property to its default value.
        void ClearBackground_Execute(
            object sender, 
            MenuActionEventArgs e)
        {
            ModelItem selectedControl = e.Selection.PrimarySelection;
            selectedControl.Properties[Control.BackgroundProperty].ClearValue();
        }

        // The following method handles the Execute event. 
        // It sets the Background property to Brushes.Blue.
        void SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute(
            object sender, 
            MenuActionEventArgs e)
        {
            ModelItem selectedControl = e.Selection.PrimarySelection;
            selectedControl.Properties[Control.BackgroundProperty].SetValue(Brushes.Blue);
        }
    }
}

生成解决方案。

测试设计时实现

可以像使用任何其他 WPF 控件一样使用 ButtonWithDesignTime 控件。WPF 设计器处理所有设计时对象的创建。

测试设计时实现

使用 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 为解决方案添加一个名为 DemoApplication 的新 WPF 应用程序项目。

Window1.xaml 在 WPF 设计器中打开。
添加对 CustomControlLibrary 项目的引用。

在 XAML 视图中，用以下 XAML 替换自动生成的 XAML。此 XAML 将添加对 CustomControlLibrary 命名空间的引用并添加 ButtonWithDesignTime 自定义控件。该按钮出现在“设计”视图中，并显示文本“已激活设计模式”，表明该按钮处于设计模式下。如果该按钮未出现，可能需要单击设计器顶部的信息栏，以重新加载视图。

<Window x:Class="DemoApplication.Window1"
    xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:cc="clr-namespace:CustomControlLibrary;assembly=CustomControlLibrary"
    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300">
    <Grid>
        <cc:ButtonWithDesignTime Margin="30,30,30,30" Background="#FFD4D0C8"></cc:ButtonWithDesignTime>
    </Grid>
</Window>

<Window x:Class="DemoApplication.Window1"
    xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:cc="clr-namespace:CustomControlLibrary;assembly=CustomControlLibrary"
    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300">
    <Grid>
        <cc:ButtonWithDesignTime Margin="30,30,30,30" Background="#FFD4D0C8"></cc:ButtonWithDesignTime>
    </Grid>
</Window>

在“设计”视图中，单击 ButtonWithDesignTime 控件将其选中。
右击 ButtonWithDesignTime 控件，指向“设置背景”，然后选择“蓝色”。

该控件的背景即设置为蓝色。在 XAML 视图中，将 Background 属性设置为菜单操作指定的值。
运行 DemoApplication 项目。

运行时，该按钮将具有您用快捷菜单设置的背景。

后续步骤

您可以向自定义控件中添加更多设计时功能。

向控件的设计时添加自定义装饰器。有关更多信息，请参见演练：创建设计时装饰器。
为自定义类型创建编辑器，可在“属性”窗口中使用该编辑器。有关更多信息，请参见如何：创建值编辑器。

请参见

通过

演练：创建 MenuAction

先决条件

创建自定义控件

创建自定义控件

创建设计时元数据程序集

创建设计时元数据程序集

实现菜单提供程序

实现菜单提供程序

测试设计时实现

测试设计时实现

后续步骤

请参见

任务

参考

其他资源

其他资源