Strings 示例
更新：2007 年 11 月
该示例说明如何使用从非托管函数返回的字符串，以及如何传递包含 Unicode 格式或 ANSI 格式的字符串的结构。它还显示如何正确地初始化这些字符串以及如何检索返回值。
String 示例使用以下非托管函数（这里同时显示其原始函数声明）：
从 PinvokeLib.dll 导出的 TestStringAsResult。
char* TestStringAsResult();从 PinvokeLib.dll 导出的 TestStringInStruct。
void TestStringInStruct(MYSTRSTRUCT* pStruct);从 PinvokeLib.dll 导出的 TestStringInStructAnsi。
void TestStringInStructAnsi(MYSTRSTRUCT2* pStruct);
PinvokeLib.dll 是一个自定义非托管库，它包含前面列出的函数的实现以及两种结构 MYSTRSTRUCT 和 MYSTRSTRUCT2。这些结构包含以下元素：
typedef struct _MYSTRSTRUCT
{
wchar_t* buffer;
UINT size;
} MYSTRSTRUCT;
typedef struct _MYSTRSTRUCT2
{
char* buffer;
UINT size;
} MYSTRSTRUCT2;
在此示例中，托管 MyStrStruct 和 MyStrStruct2 结构包含托管字符串而不是 StringBuilder 缓冲区，原因是 StringBuilder 类型不能在结构内部使用。StructLayoutAttribute 属性经过设置，可确保成员在内存中按它们的出现顺序依次排列。CharSet 字段经过设置以指定 ANSI 或 Unicode 格式。
LibWrap 类包含由 App 类调用的托管原型方法。虽然结构通常是通过值传递的，但 TestStringInStruct 和 TestStringInStructAnsi 方法的参数使用 ref（在 Visual Basic 中为 ByRef）关键字来标记，该关键字通过引用传递结构。
下面的代码示例的源代码由 .NET Framework 平台调用技术示例提供。
声明原型
' Declares a managed structure for each unmanaged structure.
< StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet:=CharSet.Unicode )> _
Public Structure MyStrStruct
Public buffer As String
Public size As Integer
End Structure 'MyStrStruct
< StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi )> _
Public Structure MyStrStruct2
Public buffer As String
Public size As Integer
End Structure 'MyStrStruct2
Public Class LibWrap
' Declares managed prototypes for unmanaged functions.
Declare Function TestStringAsResult Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" () _
As String
Declare Sub TestStringInStruct Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" _
( ByRef mss As MyStrStruct )
Declare Sub TestStringInStructAnsi Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" _
( ByRef mss As MyStrStruct2 )
End Class 'LibWrap
// Declares a managed structure for each unmanaged structure.
[ StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode )]
public struct MyStrStruct
{
public String buffer;
public int size;
}
[ StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi )]
public struct MyStrStruct2
{
public String buffer;
public int size;
}
public class LibWrap
{
// Declares managed prototypes for unmanaged functions.
[DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern String TestStringAsResult();
[DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern void TestStringInStruct( ref MyStrStruct mss );
[DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern void TestStringInStructAnsi( ref MyStrStruct2
mss );
}
调用函数
Public Class App
Public Shared Sub Main()
' String as result.
Dim strng As String = LibWrap.TestStringAsResult()
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf + "String returned: {0}", _
strng )
' Initializes buffer and appends something to the end so the whole
' buffer is passed to the unmanaged side.
Dim buffer As New StringBuilder( "content", 100 )
buffer.Append( ChrW(0) )
buffer.Append( "*"c, buffer.Capacity - 8)
Dim mss As MyStrStruct
mss.buffer = buffer.ToString()
mss.size = mss.buffer.Length
LibWrap.TestStringInStruct( mss )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf + _
"Buffer after Unicode function call: {0}", mss.buffer )
Dim buffer2 As New StringBuilder( "content", 100 )
buffer2.Append( ChrW(0) )
buffer2.Append( "*"c, buffer2.Capacity - 8 )
Dim mss2 As MyStrStruct2
mss2.buffer = buffer2.ToString()
mss2.size = mss2.buffer.Length
LibWrap.TestStringInStructAnsi( mss2 )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf + _
"Buffer after Ansi function call: {0}", mss2.buffer )
End Sub 'Main
End Class 'App
public class App
{
public static void Main()
{
// String as result.
String str = LibWrap.TestStringAsResult();
Console.WriteLine( "\nString returned: {0}", str );
// Initializes buffer and appends something to the end so the whole
// buffer is passed to the unmanaged side.
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder( "content", 100 );
buffer.Append( (char)0 );
buffer.Append( '*', buffer.Capacity - 8 );
MyStrStruct mss;
mss.buffer = buffer.ToString();
mss.size = mss.buffer.Length;
LibWrap.TestStringInStruct( ref mss );
Console.WriteLine( "\nBuffer after Unicode function call: {0}",
mss.buffer );
StringBuilder buffer2 = new StringBuilder( "content", 100 );
buffer2.Append( (char)0 );
buffer2.Append( '*', buffer2.Capacity - 8 );
MyStrStruct2 mss2;
mss2.buffer = buffer2.ToString();
mss2.size = mss2.buffer.Length;
LibWrap.TestStringInStructAnsi( ref mss2 );
Console.WriteLine( "\nBuffer after Ansi function call: {0}",
mss2.buffer );
}
}