如何：在托管 HTML 文档对象模型中更改元素的样式

项目
09/04/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

可以使用 HTML 中的样式控制文档及其元素的外观。HtmlDocument 和 HtmlElement 支持接受以下格式的样式字符串的 Style 属性：

name1:value1;...;nameN:valueN;

这里是一个 DIV，所带的样式字符串的字体设置为 Arial，所有文本均设置为粗体：

Hello, world!

</DIV>

使用 Style 属性操作样式的问题是，添加到单个样式设置和从字符串移除单个样式设置比较麻烦。例如，当用户将光标放置在 DIV 上时以斜体呈现以前的文本，以及当光标离开 DIV 时去掉斜体，都会成为很复杂的过程。如果您需要用这种方式操作大量样式，时间将成为一个问题。

下面的过程包含的代码可用于在 HTML 文档和元素上轻松操作样式。此过程要求您知道如何在 Windows 窗体中执行基本任务，例如创建新项目和将控件添加到窗体。

在 Windows 窗体应用程序中处理样式更改

创建新的“Windows 窗体”项目。
创建一个新的类文件，结尾是适合您的编程语言的扩展名。
将本主题中“示例”部分的 StyleGenerator 类代码复制到类文件中，并保存该代码。

将下面的 HTML 保存到名为 Test.htm 的文件中。

<HTML>
    <BODY>

        <DIV style="font-face:arial;font-weight:bold;">
            Hello, world!
        </DIV><P>

        <DIV>
            Hello again, world!
        </DIV><P>

    </BODY>
</HTML>

将名为 webBrowser1 的 WebBrowser 控件添加到您的项目的主窗体中。

将下面的代码添加到项目的代码文件中。

重要说明：
确保 webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted 事件处理程序配置为 DocumentCompleted 事件的侦听器。在 Visual Studio 中，双击 WebBrowser 控件；在文本编辑器中，以编程方式配置侦听器。

<System.Security.Permissions.PermissionSet(Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.Demand, Name:="FullTrust")> _
Public Class Form1

    Dim SG As StyleGenerator = Nothing
    Dim Elem As HtmlElement = Nothing
    Dim WithEvents DocumentEvents As HtmlDocument

    Private Sub WebBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs) Handles WebBrowser1.DocumentCompleted
        SG = New StyleGenerator()
        DocumentEvents = WebBrowser1.Document
    End Sub

    Private Sub Document_MouseOver(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As HtmlElementEventArgs) Handles DocumentEvents.MouseOver
        Elem = WebBrowser1.Document.GetElementFromPoint(e.MousePosition)
        If Elem.TagName.Equals("DIV") Then
            SG.ParseStyleString(Elem.Style)
            SG.SetStyle("font-style", "italic")
            Elem.Style = SG.GetStyleString()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub Document_MouseLeave(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As HtmlElementEventArgs) Handles DocumentEvents.MouseLeave
        If (Elem IsNot Nothing) Then
            SG.RemoveStyle("font-style")
            Elem.Style = SG.GetStyleString()
            ' Reset, since we may mouse over a new DIV element next time.
            SG.Clear()
        End If
    End Sub
End Class

StyleGenerator sg = null;
HtmlElement elem = null;

private void webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(object sender, WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    sg = new StyleGenerator();

    webBrowser1.Document.MouseOver += new HtmlElementEventHandler(Document_MouseOver);
    webBrowser1.Document.MouseLeave += new HtmlElementEventHandler(Document_MouseLeave);
}

void Document_MouseOver(object sender, HtmlElementEventArgs e)
{
    elem = webBrowser1.Document.GetElementFromPoint(e.MousePosition);
    if (elem.TagName.Equals("DIV"))
    {
        sg.ParseStyleString(elem.Style);
        sg.SetStyle("font-style", "italic");
        elem.Style = sg.GetStyleString();
    }
}

void Document_MouseLeave(object sender, HtmlElementEventArgs e)
{
    if (elem != null)
    {
        sg.RemoveStyle("font-style");
        elem.Style = sg.GetStyleString();
        // Reset, since we may mouse over a new DIV element next time.
        sg.Clear();
    }
}

运行该项目。在第一个 DIV 上移动光标，以观测代码效果。

示例

下面的代码示例演示 StyleGenerator 类的完整代码，该代码分析现有样式值，支持添加、更改和移除样式，并返回包含所请求的更改的新样式值。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text

Public Class StyleGenerator
    Dim styleDB As Dictionary(Of String, String)

    Public Sub New()
        styleDB = New Dictionary(Of String, String)()
    End Sub


    Public Function ContainsStyle(ByVal name As String) As Boolean
        Return styleDB.ContainsKey(name)
    End Function


    Public Function SetStyle(ByVal name As String, ByVal value As String) As String
        Dim oldValue As String = ""

        If (Not name.Length > 0) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length.")
        End If
        If (Not value.Length > 0) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException("Parameter value cannot be zero-length.")
        End If

        If (styleDB.ContainsKey(name)) Then
            oldValue = styleDB(name)
        End If

        styleDB(name) = value

        Return oldValue
    End Function

    Public Function GetStyle(ByVal name As String) As String
        If (Not name.Length > 0) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length.")
        End If

        If (styleDB.ContainsKey(name)) Then
            Return styleDB(name)
        Else
            Return ""
        End If
    End Function

    Public Sub RemoveStyle(ByVal name As String)
        If (styleDB.ContainsKey(name)) Then
            styleDB.Remove(name)
        End If
    End Sub

    Public Function GetStyleString() As String
        If (styleDB.Count > 0) Then
            Dim styleString As New StringBuilder("")
            Dim key As String
            For Each key In styleDB.Keys
                styleString.Append(String.Format("{0}:{1};", CType(key, Object), CType(styleDB(key), Object)))
            Next key

            Return styleString.ToString()
        Else
            Return ""
        End If
    End Function

    Public Sub ParseStyleString(ByVal styles As String)
        If (styles.Length) > 0 Then
            Dim stylePairs As String() = styles.Split(New Char() {";"c})
            Dim stylePair As String
            For Each stylePair In stylePairs
                If (stylePairs.Length > 0) Then
                    Dim styleNameValue As String() = stylePair.Split(New Char() {":"c})
                    If (styleNameValue.Length = 2) Then
                        styleDB(styleNameValue(0)) = styleNameValue(1)
                    End If
                End If
            Next stylePair
        End If
    End Sub


    Public Sub Clear()
        styleDB.Clear()
    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ManagedDOMStyles
{
    public class StyleGenerator
    {
        private Dictionary<string, string> styleDB;

        public StyleGenerator()
        {
            styleDB = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        }

        public bool ContainsStyle(string name)
        {
            return(styleDB.ContainsKey(name));
        }

        public string SetStyle(string name, string value)
        {
            string oldValue = "";

            if (!(name.Length > 0))
            {
                throw (new ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length."));
            }
            if (!(value.Length > 0))
            {
                throw (new ArgumentException("Parameter value cannot be zero-length."));
            }

            if (styleDB.ContainsKey(name))
            {
                oldValue = styleDB[name];
            }

            styleDB[name] = value;

            return (oldValue);
        }

        public string GetStyle(string name)
        {
            if (!(name.Length > 0))
            {
                throw (new ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length."));
            }

            if (styleDB.ContainsKey(name))
            {
                return (styleDB[name]);
            }
            else
            {
                return ("");
            }
        }

        public void RemoveStyle(string name)
        {
            if (styleDB.ContainsKey(name))
            {
                styleDB.Remove(name);
            }
        }

        public string GetStyleString()
        {
            if (styleDB.Count > 0)
            {
                StringBuilder styleString = new StringBuilder("");
                foreach (string key in styleDB.Keys)
                {
                    styleString.Append(String.Format("{0}:{1};", (object)key, (object)styleDB[key]));
                }

                return (styleString.ToString());
            }
            else
            {
                return ("");
            }
        }

        public void ParseStyleString(string styles)
        {
            if (styles.Length > 0)
            {
                string[] stylePairs = styles.Split(new char[] { ';' });
                foreach(string stylePair in stylePairs)
                {
                    if (stylePairs.Length > 0)
                    {
                        string[] styleNameValue = stylePair.Split(new char[] { ':' });
                        if (styleNameValue.Length == 2)
                        {
                            styleDB[styleNameValue[0]] = styleNameValue[1];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void Clear()
        {
            styleDB.Clear();
        }
    }
}

请参见

参考

HtmlElement

通过

如何：在托管 HTML 文档对象模型中更改元素的样式

在 Windows 窗体应用程序中处理样式更改

示例

请参见

参考

其他资源