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使用 FormView Web 服务器控件修改数据

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更新：2007 年 11 月

FormView 控件提供模板以允许用户无需编程便可编辑记录。可以在 FormView 控件中为不同的呈现模式指定模板。可以为只读模式指定 ItemTemplate 模板，为插入模式指定 InsertItemTemplate 模板，以及为编辑模式指定 EditItemTemplate 模板。有关 FormView 模板的更多信息，请参见为 FormView Web 服务器控件创建模板。

FormView 控件修改绑定数据的方式

FormView 控件显示指定的模板以提供允许用户修改记录内容的用户界面 (UI)。每个模板都包含用户可以单击以执行编辑或插入操作的命令按钮。用户单击命令按钮时，FormView 控件使用指定的编辑或插入模板重新显示绑定记录以允许用户修改记录。

插入或编辑模板通常包括一个允许用户显示空白记录的“插入”按钮或保存更改的“更新”按钮。用户单击插入或更新按钮时，FormView 控件将绑定值和主键信息传递给关联的数据源控件，该控件执行相应的更新。例如，SqlDataSource 控件使用更改后的数据作为参数值来执行 SQL Update 语句。ObjectDataSource 控件调用其自身的更新方法，并将更改作为方法调用的一部分进行传递。

当 FormView 控件执行插入操作时，它使用 Values 字典集合来传递要插入到数据源中的值。

FormView 控件使用三个字典集合将值传递到数据源以进行更新或删除操作：Keys 字典、NewValues 字典和 OldValues 字典。可以使用传递给 FormView 控件的插入、更新或删除事件的参数来访问每个字典。

Keys 字典包含字段的名称和值，通过它们唯一标识将要更新或删除的记录，并始终包含键字段的原始值。若要指定位于 Keys 字典中的字段，请将 DataKeyNames 属性设置为用逗号分隔的字段名称（表示数据的主键）列表。数组会自动填充与在 DataKeyNames 属性中指定的字段关联的值。

ms227970.alert_note(zh-cn,VS.90).gif说明：

DataKeyNames 属性中指定的字段的原始主键值存储在视图状态中。如果主键值中包含敏感信息，则应通过将页的 ViewStateEncryptionMode 属性设置为 Always 来加密视图状态的内容。

Values 和 NewValues 字典包含了在 FormView 控件中被插入或编辑的记录的当前值，这些当前值来自控件。OldValues 字典包含除键字段以外的任何字段的原始值，键字段包含在 Keys 字典中。可编辑的键字段的新值包含在 NewValues 字典中。

数据源控件将 Keys、Values、NewValues 和 OldValues 字典中的值用作插入、更新或删除命令的参数。有关如何根据为绑定值创建的字典来创建数据源控件参数的信息，请参见数据源控件如何为数据绑定字段创建参数。

更新完成后，FormView 控件引发自身的 ItemUpdated 事件。使用此事件可以执行“查询后”逻辑，如完整性检查。同样，FormView 控件会在完成插入后引发其 ItemInserted 事件，而在完成删除后引发其 ItemDeleted 事件。

在完成更新并引发所有事件之后，FormView 控件重新绑定到数据源控件。

示例

下面的代码示例使用 GridView 控件和 FormView 控件来显示数据。FormView 控件被配置为允许修改数据。

ms227970.alert_security(zh-cn,VS.90).gif安全说明：

该代码示例具有一个文本框，用于接受用户输入，这是一个潜在的安全威胁。默认情况下，ASP.NET 网页验证用户输入是否不包括脚本或 HTML 元素。有关更多信息，请参见脚本侵入概述。

 
<%@ Page language="VB" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

  Sub EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
    EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters("EmpID").DefaultValue = _
      EmployeesGridView.SelectedValue.ToString()
    EmployeeFormView.DataBind()
  End Sub

  Sub EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated(sender As Object, e As FormViewUpdatedEventArgs)
    EmployeesGridView.DataBind()
  End Sub

  Sub EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted(sender As Object, e As FormViewDeletedEventArgs)
    EmployeesGridView.DataBind()
  End Sub

  Sub EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted(sender As Object, e As SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs)
    Dim command As System.Data.Common.DbCommand = e.Command    

    EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters("EmpID").DefaultValue = _
      command.Parameters("@EmpID").Value.ToString()

    EmployeesGridView.DataBind()
    EmployeeFormView.DataBind()
  End Sub

</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
  <head runat="server">
    <title>FormView Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">

      <h3>FormView Example</h3>

        <table cellspacing="10">

          <tr>
            <td>
              <asp:GridView ID="EmployeesGridView" 
                DataSourceID="EmployeesSqlDataSource" 
                AutoGenerateColumns="false"
                DataKeyNames="EmployeeID" 
                OnSelectedIndexChanged="EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged"
                RunAt="Server">

                <HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
                  forecolor="White" />

                <Columns>

                  <asp:ButtonField Text="Details..."
                    HeaderText="Show<BR>Details"
                    CommandName="Select"/>  

                  <asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID"/>
                  <asp:BoundField DataField="LastName"   HeaderText="Last Name"/>                        
                  <asp:BoundField DataField="FirstName"  HeaderText="First Name"/>

                </Columns>

              </asp:GridView>

            </td>

            <td valign="top">

              <asp:FormView ID="EmployeeFormView"
                DataSourceID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource"
                DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"     
                Gridlines="Both" 
                OnItemUpdated="EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated"
                OnItemDeleted="EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted"      
                RunAt="server">

                <HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
                  forecolor="White"/>

                <RowStyle backcolor="White"/>         

                <EditRowStyle backcolor="LightCyan"/>

                <ItemTemplate>
                  <table>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Employee ID:</b></td><td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>First Name:</b></td> <td><%# Eval("FirstName") %></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Last Name:</b></td>  <td><%# Eval("LastName") %></td></tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="2">
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="EditButton"
                                        Text="Edit"
                                        CommandName="Edit"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="NewButton"
                                        Text="New"
                                        CommandName="New"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="DeleteButton"
                                        Text="Delete"
                                        CommandName="Delete"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>                 
                </ItemTemplate>

                <EditItemTemplate>


                  <table>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Employee ID:</b></td><td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>First Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="EditFirstNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Last Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="EditLastNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="2">
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="UpdateButton"
                                        Text="Update"
                                        CommandName="Update"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="CancelUpdateButton"
                                        Text="Cancel"
                                        CommandName="Cancel"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>                 
                </EditItemTemplate>

                <InsertItemTemplate>


                  <table>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>First Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertFirstNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Last Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertLastNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="2">
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="InsertButton"
                                        Text="Insert"
                                        CommandName="Insert"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="CancelInsertButton"
                                        Text="Cancel"
                                        CommandName="Cancel"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>                 
                </InsertItemTemplate>

              </asp:FormView>

            </td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        <asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeesSqlDataSource"  
          selectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName FROM Employees" 
          connectionstring="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>" 
          RunAt="server">
        </asp:sqlDataSource>

        <asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource" 
          SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID = @EmpID"

          InsertCommand="INSERT INTO Employees(LastName, FirstName) VALUES (@LastName, @FirstName); 
                         SELECT @EmpID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()"
          UpdateCommand="UPDATE Employees SET LastName=@LastName, FirstName=@FirstName 
                           WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
          DeleteCommand="DELETE Employees WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"

          ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>"
          OnInserted="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted"
          RunAt="server">

          <SelectParameters>
            <asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
          </SelectParameters>

          <InsertParameters>
            <asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Direction="Output" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
          </InsertParameters>

        </asp:sqlDataSource>

      </form>
  </body>
</html>


<%@ Page language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">

  void EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters["EmpID"].DefaultValue = 
      EmployeesGridView.SelectedValue.ToString();
    EmployeeFormView.DataBind();
  }

  void EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated(Object sender, FormViewUpdatedEventArgs e)
  {
    EmployeesGridView.DataBind();
  }

  void EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted(Object sender, FormViewDeletedEventArgs e)
  {
    EmployeesGridView.DataBind();
  }

  void EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted(Object sender, SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs e)
  {
    System.Data.Common.DbCommand command = e.Command;    

    EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource.SelectParameters["EmpID"].DefaultValue = 
      command.Parameters["@EmpID"].Value.ToString();

    EmployeesGridView.DataBind();
    EmployeeFormView.DataBind();
  }

</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
  <head runat="server">
    <title>FormView Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">

      <h3>FormView Example</h3>

        <table cellspacing="10">

          <tr>
            <td>
              <asp:GridView ID="EmployeesGridView" 
                DataSourceID="EmployeesSqlDataSource" 
                AutoGenerateColumns="false"
                DataKeyNames="EmployeeID" 
                OnSelectedIndexChanged="EmployeesGridView_OnSelectedIndexChanged"
                RunAt="Server">

                <HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
                  forecolor="White" />

                <Columns>

                  <asp:ButtonField Text="Details..."
                    HeaderText="Show<BR>Details"
                    CommandName="Select"/>  

                  <asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID"/>
                  <asp:BoundField DataField="LastName"   HeaderText="Last Name"/>                        
                  <asp:BoundField DataField="FirstName"  HeaderText="First Name"/>

                </Columns>

              </asp:GridView>

            </td>

            <td valign="top">

              <asp:FormView ID="EmployeeFormView"
                DataSourceID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource"
                DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"     
                Gridlines="Both" 
                OnItemUpdated="EmployeeFormView_ItemUpdated"
                OnItemDeleted="EmployeeFormView_ItemDeleted"      
                RunAt="server">

                <HeaderStyle backcolor="Navy"
                  forecolor="White"/>

                <RowStyle backcolor="White"/>         

                <EditRowStyle backcolor="LightCyan"/>

                <ItemTemplate>
                  <table>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Employee ID:</b></td><td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>First Name:</b></td> <td><%# Eval("FirstName") %></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Last Name:</b></td>  <td><%# Eval("LastName") %></td></tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="2">
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="EditButton"
                                        Text="Edit"
                                        CommandName="Edit"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="NewButton"
                                        Text="New"
                                        CommandName="New"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="DeleteButton"
                                        Text="Delete"
                                        CommandName="Delete"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>                 
                </ItemTemplate>

                <EditItemTemplate>


                  <table>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Employee ID:</b></td><td><%# Eval("EmployeeID") %></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>First Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="EditFirstNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Last Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="EditLastNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="2">
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="UpdateButton"
                                        Text="Update"
                                        CommandName="Update"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="CancelUpdateButton"
                                        Text="Cancel"
                                        CommandName="Cancel"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>                 
                </EditItemTemplate>

                <InsertItemTemplate>


                  <table>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>First Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertFirstNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("FirstName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr><td align="right"><b>Last Name:</b></td>
                        <td><asp:TextBox ID="InsertLastNameTextBox" 
                                         Text='<%# Bind("LastName") %>' 
                                         RunAt="Server" /></td></tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="2">
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="InsertButton"
                                        Text="Insert"
                                        CommandName="Insert"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                        &nbsp;
                        <asp:LinkButton ID="CancelInsertButton"
                                        Text="Cancel"
                                        CommandName="Cancel"
                                        RunAt="server"/>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>                 
                </InsertItemTemplate>

              </asp:FormView>

            </td>

          </tr>

        </table>

        <asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeesSqlDataSource"  
          selectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName FROM Employees" 
          connectionstring="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>" 
          RunAt="server">
        </asp:sqlDataSource>

        <asp:sqlDataSource ID="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource" 
          SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID = @EmpID"

          InsertCommand="INSERT INTO Employees(LastName, FirstName) VALUES (@LastName, @FirstName); 
                         SELECT @EmpID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()"
          UpdateCommand="UPDATE Employees SET LastName=@LastName, FirstName=@FirstName 
                           WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"
          DeleteCommand="DELETE Employees WHERE EmployeeID=@EmployeeID"

          ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnection %>"
          OnInserted="EmployeeDetailsSqlDataSource_OnInserted"
          RunAt="server">

          <SelectParameters>
            <asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
          </SelectParameters>

          <InsertParameters>
            <asp:Parameter Name="EmpID" Direction="Output" Type="Int32" DefaultValue="0" />
          </InsertParameters>

        </asp:sqlDataSource>

      </form>
  </body>
</html>

请参见

概念

FormView Web 服务器控件概述

数据源控件概述