演练:使用 ClickOnce 部署 API 按需下载程序集

默认情况下,首次运行 ClickOnce 应用程序时,会下载该应用程序中包含的所有程序集。 但是,少数用户可能仅使用应用程序的某些部分。 在这种情况下,您可能希望只有在创建某一类型的程序集时,才下载一个该类型的程序集。 下面的演练演示如何将应用程序中的某些程序集标记为“可选”,以及如何在公共语言运行时 (CLR) 需要这些程序集时,通过使用 System.Deployment.Application 命名空间中的类来下载这些程序集。

提示

要使用此过程,应用程序必须以完全信任的方式运行。

系统必备

若要完成本演练,您将需要下列组件之一:

  • Windows SDK。 可以从 Microsoft 下载中心下载 Windows SDK。

  • Visual Studio。

创建项目

创建使用按需程序集的项目

  1. 创建一个名为 ClickOnceOnDemand 的目录。

  2. 打开 Windows SDK 命令提示符或 Visual Studio 命令提示符。

  3. 转到目录 ClickOnceOnDemand。

  4. 使用以下命令生成一个公钥/私钥对:

    sn -k TestKey.snk
    
  5. 使用记事本或其他文本编辑器,定义一个名为 DynamicClass、且仅有一个 Message 属性的类。

    Public Class DynamicClass
        Sub New()
    
        End Sub
    
        Public ReadOnly Property Message() As String
            Get
                Message = "Hello, world!"
            End Get
        End Property
    End Class
    
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand
    {
        public class DynamicClass
        {
            public DynamicClass() {}
    
            public string Message
            {
                get
                {
                    return ("Hello, world!");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
  6. 将文本另存为名为 ClickOnceLibrary.cs 或 ClickOnceLibrary.vb 的文件,具体文件名取决于您所使用的语言,并将其保存到 ClickOnceOnDemand 目录。

  7. 将该文件编译为一个程序集。

    csc /target:library /keyfile:TestKey.snk ClickOnceLibrary.cs
    
    vbc /target:library /keyfile:TestKey.snk ClickOnceLibrary.vb
    
  8. 若要获取该程序集的公钥标记,请使用以下命令:

    sn -T ClickOnceLibrary.dll
    
  9. 使用文本编辑器创建一个新文件,然后输入下面的代码。 此代码创建一个 Windows 窗体应用程序,在需要 ClickOnceLibrary 程序集时该应用程序会下载它。

    Imports System
    Imports System.Windows.Forms
    Imports System.Deployment.Application
    Imports System.Drawing
    Imports System.Reflection
    Imports System.Collections.Generic
    Imports Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand
    
    
    Namespace Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand
       <System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermission(System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted:=true)> _
       Class Form1
          Inherits Form
    
            ' Maintain a dictionary mapping DLL names to download file groups. This is trivial for this sample,
            ' but will be important in real-world applications where a feature is spread across multiple DLLs,
            ' and you want to download all DLLs for that feature in one shot. 
            Dim DllMapping as Dictionary(Of String, String) = new Dictionary(of String, String)()
    
          Public Sub New()
             ' Add button to form.
                Dim GetAssemblyButton As New Button()
                GetAssemblyButton.Location = New Point(100, 100)
                GetAssemblyButton.Text = "Get assembly on demand"
                AddHandler GetAssemblyButton.Click, AddressOf GetAssemblyButton_Click
    
                Me.Controls.Add(GetAssemblyButton)
    
                DllMapping("ClickOnceLibrary") = "ClickOnceLibrary"
                AddHandler AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve, AddressOf CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve
          End Sub
    
            <STAThread()> _
            Shared Sub Main()
                Application.EnableVisualStyles()
                Application.Run(New Form1())
            End Sub
    
            Private Function CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal args As ResolveEventArgs) As Assembly
                If ApplicationDeployment.IsNetworkDeployed Then
                    Dim deploy As ApplicationDeployment = ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment
    
                    ' Get the DLL name from the Name argument.
                    Dim nameParts() as String = args.Name.Split(",")
                    Dim dllName as String = nameParts(0)
            Dim downloadGroupName as String = DllMapping(dllName)
    
                    Try
                        deploy.DownloadFileGroup(downloadGroupName)
                    Catch de As DeploymentException
    
                    End Try
    
                    ' Load the assembly.
                    Dim newAssembly As Assembly = Nothing
    
                    Try
                        newAssembly = Assembly.LoadFile(Application.StartupPath & "\\" & dllName & ".dll," & _  
                "Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=en, PublicKeyToken=03689116d3a4ae33")
                    Catch ex As Exception
                        MessageBox.Show("Could not download assembly on demand.")
                    End Try
    
                    CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve = newAssembly
                Else
                    CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve = Nothing
                End If
            End Function
    
            Private Sub GetAssemblyButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
                Dim ourClass As New DynamicClass()
                MessageBox.Show("DynamicClass string is: " + ourClass.Message)
            End Sub
        End Class
    End Namespace
    
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Drawing;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.Reflection;
    using System.Deployment.Application;
    using Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand;
    
    namespace ClickOnceOnDemand
    {
        [System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermission(System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted=true)]
        public class Form1 : Form
        {
            // Maintain a dictionary mapping DLL names to download file groups. This is trivial for this sample,
            // but will be important in real-world applications where a feature is spread across multiple DLLs,
            // and you want to download all DLLs for that feature in one shot. 
            Dictionary<String, String> DllMapping = new Dictionary<String, String>();
    
            public static void Main()
            {
                Form1 NewForm = new Form1();
                Application.Run(NewForm);
            }
    
            public Form1()
            {
                // Configure form. 
                this.Size = new Size(500, 200);
                Button getAssemblyButton = new Button();
                getAssemblyButton.Size = new Size(130, getAssemblyButton.Size.Height);
                getAssemblyButton.Text = "Test Assembly";
                getAssemblyButton.Location = new Point(50, 50);
                this.Controls.Add(getAssemblyButton);
                getAssemblyButton.Click += new EventHandler(getAssemblyButton_Click);
    
                DllMapping["ClickOnceLibrary"] = "ClickOnceLibrary";
                AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += new ResolveEventHandler(CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve);
            }
    
            /*
             * Use ClickOnce APIs to download the assembly on demand.
             */
            private Assembly CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args)
            {
                Assembly newAssembly = null;
    
                if (ApplicationDeployment.IsNetworkDeployed)
                {
                    ApplicationDeployment deploy = ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment;
    
                    // Get the DLL name from the Name argument.
                    string[] nameParts = args.Name.Split(',');
                    string dllName = nameParts[0];
                    string downloadGroupName = DllMapping[dllName];
    
                    try
                    {
                        deploy.DownloadFileGroup(downloadGroupName);
                    }
                    catch (DeploymentException de)
                    {
                        MessageBox.Show("Downloading file group failed. Group name: " + downloadGroupName + "; DLL name: " + args.Name);
                        throw (de);
                    }
    
                    // Load the assembly.
                    // Assembly.Load() doesn't work here, as the previous failure to load the assembly
                    // is cached by the CLR. LoadFrom() is not recommended. Use LoadFile() instead.
                    try
                    {
                        newAssembly = Assembly.LoadFile(Application.StartupPath + @"\" + dllName + ".dll," +  
                "Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=en, PublicKeyToken=03689116d3a4ae33");
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        throw (e);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    //Major error - not running under ClickOnce, but missing assembly. Don't know how to recover.
                    throw (new Exception("Cannot load assemblies dynamically - application is not deployed using ClickOnce."));
                }
    
    
                return (newAssembly);
            }
    
            private void getAssemblyButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                DynamicClass dc = new DynamicClass();
                MessageBox.Show("Message: " + dc.Message);
            }
        }
    }
    
  10. 在代码中,找到对 LoadFile 的调用。

  11. 将 PublicKeyToken 设置为您在前面检索的值。

  12. 将该文件另存为 Form1.cs 或 Form1.vb。

  13. 使用以下命令将该文件编译为一个可执行文件。

    csc /target:exe /reference:ClickOnceLibrary.dll Form1.cs
    
    vbc /target:exe /reference:ClickOnceLibrary.dll Form1.vb
    

将程序集标记为可选

使用 MageUI.exe 在 ClickOnce 应用程序中将程序集标记为可选

  1. 按照演练:手动部署 ClickOnce 应用程序中的描述,使用 MageUI.exe 创建一个应用程序清单。 请对该应用程序清单使用下列设置:

    • 将该应用程序清单命名为 ClickOnceOnDemand。

    • 在**“文件”页上的 ClickOnceLibrary.dll 行中,将“文件类型”列设置为“无”**。

    • 在**“文件”页上的 ClickOnceLibrary.dll 行中,在“组”**列中键入 ClickOnceLibrary.dll。

  2. 按照演练:手动部署 ClickOnce 应用程序中的描述,使用 MageUI.exe 创建一个部署清单。 请对该部署清单使用下列设置:

    • 将该部署清单命名为 ClickOnceOnDemand。

测试新的程序集

测试按需程序集

  1. 将 ClickOnce 部署上载到 Web 服务器。

  2. 通过在 Web 浏览器中输入部署清单的 URL 来启动使用 ClickOnce 部署的应用程序。 如果调用 ClickOnce 应用程序 ClickOnceOnDemand,并将其上载到 adatum.com 的根目录下,则该 URL 可能如下所示:

    http://www.adatum.com/ClickOnceOnDemand/ClickOnceOnDemand.application
    
  3. 显示主窗体时,按 Button。 此时,消息框窗口中应该显示“Hello, World!”这样的字符串。

请参见

参考

ApplicationDeployment