泛型代码中的默认关键字（C# 编程指南）
在泛型类和泛型方法中产生的一个问题是，在预先未知以下情况时，如何将默认值分配给参数化类型 T：
T 是引用类型还是值类型。
如果 T 为值类型，则它是数值还是结构。
给定参数化类型 T 的一个变量 t，只有当 T 为引用类型时，语句 t = null 才有效；只有当 T 为数值类型而不是结构时，语句 t = 0 才能正常使用。解决方案是使用 default 关键字，此关键字对于引用类型会返回 null，对于数值类型会返回零。对于结构，此关键字将返回初始化为零或 null 的每个结构成员，具体取决于这些结构是值类型还是引用类型。对于可以为 null 的值类型，默认返回 System.Nullable<T>，它像任何结构一样初始化。
以下来自 GenericList<T> 类的示例显示了如何使用 default 关键字。有关更多信息，请参见泛型概述。
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Test with a non-empty list of integers.
GenericList<int> gll = new GenericList<int>();
gll.AddNode(5);
gll.AddNode(4);
gll.AddNode(3);
int intVal = gll.GetLast();
// The following line displays 5.
System.Console.WriteLine(intVal);
// Test with an empty list of integers.
GenericList<int> gll2 = new GenericList<int>();
intVal = gll2.GetLast();
// The following line displays 0.
System.Console.WriteLine(intVal);
// Test with a non-empty list of strings.
GenericList<string> gll3 = new GenericList<string>();
gll3.AddNode("five");
gll3.AddNode("four");
string sVal = gll3.GetLast();
// The following line displays five.
System.Console.WriteLine(sVal);
// Test with an empty list of strings.
GenericList<string> gll4 = new GenericList<string>();
sVal = gll4.GetLast();
// The following line displays a blank line.
System.Console.WriteLine(sVal);
}
}
// T is the type of data stored in a particular instance of GenericList.
public class GenericList<T>
{
private class Node
{
// Each node has a reference to the next node in the list.
public Node Next;
// Each node holds a value of type T.
public T Data;
}
// The list is initially empty.
private Node head = null;
// Add a node at the beginning of the list with t as its data value.
public void AddNode(T t)
{
Node newNode = new Node();
newNode.Next = head;
newNode.Data = t;
head = newNode;
}
// The following method returns the data value stored in the last node in
// the list. If the list is empty, the default value for type T is
// returned.
public T GetLast()
{
// The value of temp is returned as the value of the method.
// The following declaration initializes temp to the appropriate
// default value for type T. The default value is returned if the
// list is empty.
T temp = default(T);
Node current = head;
while (current != null)
{
temp = current.Data;
current = current.Next;
}
return temp;
}
}
}