Manage work item fields

项目
04/20/2015

You can manage the work item type fields that are defined for a team project collection by using the following witadmin commands:

changefield: Changes one or more attributes of a field. When you change one of the following attributes, you change it for all work item types and team projects within the team project collection:
- Data type for PlainText or HTML fields.
  
  Important
  
  When you upgrade Team Foundation Server from an earlier version to the current version, the type assignment for the Description (System.Description) field is automatically converted from PlainText to HTML. With the changefield command, you can restore the content of this field to display plain text.
- Friendly name that displays in the work item query. This name may differ from that displayed on the work item form.
- Reporting attributes which includes the name of the field as it appears in a report, the reference report name, and the reporting type.
- Synchronization with Active Directory - you can enable/disable synchronization of person name fields.
deletefield: Deletes the specified field.
indexfield: Turns indexing on or off for the specified field. When you enable indexing for a field, you may increase the performance of finding work items whose queries specify that field. If you add a custom field that you use in many of your work item queries, you may want to enable indexing for that field.
listfields: Lists the attributes for all fields or a specified field.

To run the witadmin command-line tool, open a Command Prompt window where either Visual Studio or Team Explorer is installed and enter:

cd %programfiles(x86)%\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\Common7\IDE

On a 32-bit edition of Windows, replace %programfiles(x86)% with %programfiles%.

For an overview of the fields defined within the default process templates provided with Team Foundation Server, see Work item field reference for Visual Studio ALM.

Note

You can create and modify work item fields by using Process Editor, a power tool for Visual Studio. This tool is not supported. For more information, see the following page on the Microsoft Web site: Team Foundation Server Power Tools.

Requirements

To list fields, you must have your View project-level information permission for the team project in the collection set to Allow.
To delete or rename fields or change an attribute of a field, you must be a member of the Team Foundation Administrators security group or the Project Collection Administrators security group.

For more information, see Permission reference for Team Foundation Server.

Note

Even if you log on with administrative permissions, you must open an elevated Command Prompt window to perform this function on a server that is running Windows Server 2008. To open an elevated Command Prompt window, choose Start, open the Command Prompt shortcut menu, and then choose Run as Administrator. For more information, see the Microsoft Web site: User Access Control.

witadmin changefield /collection:CollectionURL /n:RefName
   [/name:NewName] 
   [/syncnamechanges:true | false]
   [/reportingname:ReportingName] 
   [/reportingrefname:ReportingRefName]
   [/reportingtype:Type]
   [/reportingformula:Formula]
   [/type:PlainText | HTML]
   [/noprompt]

witadmin deletefield /collection:CollectionURL /n:RefName [/noprompt]

witadmin indexfield /collection:CollectionURL /n:Name /index:on|off 

witadmin listfields /collection:CollectionURL /n:RefName [/unused]

Parameters

Parameter	Description
/collection:CollectionURL	Specifies the URI of the team project collection. The format for the URI is the following: http://ServerName:Port/VirtualDirectoryName/CollectionName If no virtual directory is used, then the format for the URI is the following: http://ServerName:Port/CollectionName
/n:RefName /n:Name	The reference name of a work item type field.
/index	Specifies to enable or disable indexing for the specified field. Specify on to enable indexing and off to disable indexing.
/name:NewName	Specifies the new name for the field.
/syncnamechanges	Specifies to use the work item field to store names and to update as changes are made in Active Directory or a workgroup. This option is valid only when a field with the data type of String is specified for the typename. Specify true to enable synchronization for the data field, specify false to disable synchronization for the data field.
/reportingname:ReportingName	Specifies the name of the field in the data warehouse to be used for reporting.
/reportingrefname:ReportingRefName	Specifies the reference name of the field in the data warehouse to be used for reporting.
/reportingtype:Type	Specifies how the field is used in the warehouse for reporting. The following values are valid: dimension: Used for the Integer, String, or DateTime fields. detail: Used for the Integer, Double, String, or DateTime fields. measure: Used for the Integer and Double fields. The default aggregation type is sum. You can specify another aggregation type by using the formula parameter. none: Used to disable reportability on the field. For more information, see Define and modify work item fields.
/reportingformula:Formula	Specifies the aggregation formula to be used when the field is reported as a measure. The only supported formula is sum.
/type:HTML \| PlainText	Specifies to convert the contents of the field from PlainText to HTML or from HTML to PlainText. You can specify this option only for fields whose type assignment is PlainText or HTML. See FIELD (Definition) element reference.
/unused	Lists all fields that are not used by any team project defined in the team project collection.
/noprompt	Disables prompt for confirmation.
/? or help	Displays help about the command in the Command Prompt window.

Remarks

Indexed fields

A query index is created based on those fields that have indexing enabled. This index improves the response time when running queries that include indexed fields.

By default, the following fields are indexed: Assigned To, Created Date, Changed By, State, Reason, Area ID, Iteration ID, and Work Item Type. If there are other fields that your team frequently uses in their queries, you can add them to the query index.

Synchronizing person names with Active Directory

You must manually enable synchronization of any custom work item fields that are used to assign person names that reference Active Directory. You must enable synchronization for each field for each team project collection that contains the custom fields.

All system reference fields that show person-names have the attribute syncnamechanges set to true. Such fields include System.AuthorizedAs, System.AssignedTo, System.ChangedBy and System.CreatedBy. Synchronization in enabled for each person name field that is defined in one of the default process templates. For more information, see Assignments and workflow field reference.

After synchronization is enabled, the field no longer shows a static string. Instead, the field shows the name associated with a user account. When you change the user name in Active Directory or in Workgroup, a field with syncnamechanges set to true automatically shows the new name.

When you assign the syncnamechanges attribute to a String field, the field always accepts valid user names. However, the field does not allow group names that are stored in Team Foundation Server or in Active Directory if any one of the following conditions is true:

The VALIDUSER rule is specified across all work item types
The VALIDUSER rule is specified for a work item type
The ALLOWEDVALUES rule is specified for a work item type, and that rule has a filter criteria that excludes groups

For more information, see All FIELD XML elements reference.

Attributes that you can change for each work item type

You change the following attributes or values defined for a field by changing the work item type definition in which the field appears:

Name that displays on the work item form. See Control XML element reference.
Help text. See Apply a rule to a work item field.
Allowed values or items within a pick list or drop-down menu. See Define pick lists.

Examples

Unless otherwise specified, the following values apply in each example:

URI for the team project collection: http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection
Work item field name: AdventureWorks.Field
Default encoding: UTF-8

List fields

Use witadmin listfields to see the set of fields in use, to select one to add to a work item type. Also, you can list the attribute assignments defined for a specific field and determine which fields are used by which team projects.

View the attributes of a work item field

Enter the following command to list the attributes defined for a specified field, such as Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Issue.
```
witadmin listfields /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Issue
```
Field and attribute information appears for the named field, as shown in this example.
```
Field: Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Issue
Name: Issue
Type: String
Reportable As: dimension
Use: Adventure Works (Shared Steps), AW Future (Shared Steps), AW Current (Shared Steps)
Indexed: False
```
The Use parameter indicates the name of each project and the work item type where the field is used. For more information about field attributes, see Work item field reference for Visual Studio ALM.

List all fields in a team project collection

Enter the following command to list all fields defined for a team project collection.
```
witadmin listfields /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection
```
Field information for all the fields for the named project collection appears. See Work item field reference for Visual Studio ALM.

List fields that are not being used

Enter the following command to list the fields that are no longer being used in the team project collection by any work item type.

witadmin listfields /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /unused

Field and attribute information appears for each field that is not being used, as shown in this example.

Field: Microsoft.VSTS.CMMI.TaskType
Name: Task Type
Type: String
Reportable As: dimension
Use: Not In Use
Indexed: False

Field: Microsoft.VSTSUE.Common.Flag
Name: Flag
Type: String
Reportable As: dimension
Use: Not In Use
Indexed: False

Field: Microsoft.VSTSUE.Common.Progress
Name: Progress
Type: String
Reportable As: dimension
Use: Not In Use
Indexed: False

Rename a field

You can change the friendly name of a work item field to meet the naming conventions that your team uses. Note that the new name is applied to all work item types that reference the changed field in all team projects in the project collection. The friendly name displays when you define filter criteria in a work item query. The name that appears on a work item form may be different than the friendly name defined for the field.

To rename a work item field

Enter the following command to rename the friendly name assigned to Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Rank to Important Rank.

witadmin changefield /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Rank /name:"Important Rank"

At the confirmation prompt type y and then press ENTER. Wait until you receive the following message:

Field renamed.

To verify changes imported to a single project

In Team Explorer, choose Refresh.

The latest updates are downloaded from the server, which include the changes that you just made to the field name. Wait several seconds for the refresh to finish.
Choose New Query to create a query.
In the Query Editor, choose the Click here to add a clause link to add a row, select the blank Field cell, and in the cell, type Rank. The following message that appears above the results list. This message indicates that the Rank cannot be found.

Run the query to see the query results. TF51005: The query references a field that does not exist. The error is caused by <<Rank>>.
Delete the value Rank from the Field cell, and type Important Rank into the cell.
Select <> in the Operator cell, and type 1 into the Value cell.
On the Query toolbar, choose Run.
Open the shortcut menu for any row in the results and select Column Options. Scroll down in the Availablecolumns list. Notice that the Rank field is no longer present but the Important Rank field is present.
Select Important Rank in the Available columns box, and then choose the > button (add selected columns). Choose OK.

Notice that the friendly name for Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Rank has been renamed from Rank to Important Rank throughout the query builder and results list.
Close the query. Choose No when you are prompted to save the query.
Create a new Task work item. Choose the New Work Items link, and then choose Task.

This work item is created from the work item type that you changed and imported.
Notice, in the Status box, that the label for the renamed field, Rank, has not changed. This is because the field labels on the work item forms are scoped to the parent team project and are independent of the server-wide field name just specified.

Note

For more information about how to change field labels on work item forms, see Control XML element reference.
Close the new Task and choose No when you are prompted to save the work item.

Change the report as value for a field

The following command specifies the ability to report the type of the DateTime field AdventureWorks.CreatedOn to dimension. This field's data enters the warehouse and Analysis Services databases so that it can be used to filter reports.

witadmin changefield /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:AdventureWorks.CreatedOn /reportingtype:dimension

The following command specifies the ability to report the type of the Double field AdventureWorks.Field to measure. All measures are aggregated by sum.

witadmin reportfield /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:AdventureWorks.Field /reportingtype:measure

Enable synchronization of a custom person-name field

The following command enables synchronization for the work item field AW.CustomerName defined for Collection1 on the AdventureWorksServer.

Verify the data type of the field that you want to convert

Verify the data type assigned to the field, such as MyCompany.CustomerName, that you want to synchronize by entering the following command:
```
witadmin listfields /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:MyCompany.CustomerName
```

Enable synchronization

To enable synchronization for a person-named field, type the following command, substituting your data for the arguments that are shown here:
```
witadmin changefield /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:MyCompany.CustomerName /syncnamechanges:true
```
The following confirmation prompt appears:

This will change properties for field {0} on the Team Foundation Server. Do you want to continue?
Type 0 to confirm that you want to change the field, or 1 to cancel the request.

If the change request succeeds, the following confirmation message appears:

The field was updated.

If the change request fails, an error message appears. The most common mistakes that can be made are trying to change a system reference field, or trying to change a field of a data type other than String. These operations are not supported.

Delete a field

Before you delete a field, verify that the field is not in use. If the field is in use, you must first remove the field from the work item types that use it prior to deleting it from the team project collection. The following command deletes the field AdventureWorks.Field from Collection1:

witadmin deletefield /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:AdventureWorks.Field

Verify a field is not in use

Enter the following command, specifying the reference name for the work item field, such as MyCompany.MyProcess.MyField.

witadmin listfields /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:MyCompany.MyProcess.MyField

In the information displayed for the field, verify that the value for Use is "Not In Use" as follows in this example.

Field: MyCompany.MyProcess.MyField
Name: MyField
Type: String
Reportable As: dimension
Use: Not In Use
Indexed: False

If the Use field indicates that the field is in use, then you must delete it from each work item type for each team project that is listed. For example, the Microsoft.VSTS.TCM.SystemInfo field indicates that it is being used by the Bug and Code Defect work item types for four projects: Arroyo, Desert, Palm, and Springs.
```
Field: Microsoft.VSTS.TCM.SystemInfo
Name: System Info
Type: Html
Reportable As: None
Use: Arroyo (Bug), Desert (Bug), Palm (Bug), Springs (Bug, Code Defect)
Indexed: False
```
Before you can delete this field, you must remove it from each of the work item types listed for each team project for which it is defined. To remove the field, you modify the definition for the work item type by deleting the FIELD and Control elements that contain the field reference name. See Import, export, and manage work item types [witadmin], FIELD (Definition) element reference, and Control XML element reference.

Delete a field from a team project collection

Enter the following command to delete the MyCompany.MyProcess.MyField field, and then choose Enter.
```
witadmin deletefield /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/tfs/DefaultCollection /n:RefName
```
Enter y at the confirmation prompt to complete this step.

Q & A

Q: What customizations can I make and still use the Configure Features Wizard to update my team project after a TFS upgrade?

A: You can add custom fields, customize a pick list, and add rules to a field. The Configure Features Wizard will update your team projects and you’ll get access to the latest features.

Changing field attributes is not recommended. To learn about which customizations you can safely make and which you should avoid, see Customize the work tracking experience: Before you customize, understand the maintenance and upgrade implications.

通过