建立与数据源的连接

适用于：SQL Server Azure SQL 数据库 Azure SQL 托管实例 Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)

下载 OLE DB 驱动程序

要访问 OLE DB Driver for SQL Server，使用者必须先通过调用 CoCreateInstance 方法来创建数据源对象的实例。 每个 OLE DB 访问接口都具有一个唯一的类标识符 (CLSID)。 对于 OLE DB Driver for SQL Server，可以使用文件中定义的 msoledbsql.h MSOLEDBSQL_CLSID符号。

数据源对象公开了 IDBProperties 接口，使用者使用该接口提供基本的身份验证信息，如服务器名、数据库名、用户 ID 和密码。 可调用 IDBProperties::SetProperties 方法设置这些属性。

如果计算机上运行了多个 SQL Server 实例，应以“服务器名称\示例名称”的形式指定服务器名称。

数据源对象还公开了 IDBInitialize 接口。 在设置这些属性之后，可通过调用 IDBInitialize::Initialize 方法建立与数据源的连接。 例如：

CoCreateInstance(MSOLEDBSQL_CLSID,
                 NULL,
                 CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                 IID_IDBInitialize,
                 (void **) &pIDBInitialize)

此调用将 CoCreateInstance 创建与MSOLEDBSQL_CLSID关联的类的单个对象（与将用于创建对象的数据和代码关联的 CSLID）。 IID_IDBInitialize 是对用于与对象通信的接口 (IDBInitialize) 的标识符的引用。

下面的示例演示如何初始化并建立与数据源的连接。

#include "msoledbsql.h"
#include <stdio.h>

HRESULT InitializeAndEstablishConnection(IDBInitialize *&pIDBInitialize);

void main() {
    IDBInitialize       *pIDBInitialize = nullptr;
    HRESULT             hr = S_OK;

    // Initialize The Component Object Module Library
    CoInitialize(nullptr);

    hr = InitializeAndEstablishConnection(pIDBInitialize);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        printf("Failed to establish connection.\r\n");
        goto _ExitMain;
    }

    // Insert code that uses the established connection

_ExitMain:
    // Free Up All Allocated Memory
    if (pIDBInitialize)
    {
        pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize();
        pIDBInitialize->Release();
        pIDBInitialize = nullptr;
    }

    // Release The Component Object Module Library
    CoUninitialize();
}

HRESULT InitializeAndEstablishConnection(IDBInitialize *&pIDBInitialize) {
    IDBProperties   *pIDBProperties = nullptr;
    DBPROP          InitProperties[3] = { 0 };
    DBPROPSET       rgInitPropSet[1] = { 0 };
    HRESULT         hr = S_OK;

    // Obtain access to the OLE DB Driver for SQL Server.
    hr = CoCreateInstance(MSOLEDBSQL_CLSID,
                          NULL,
                          CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                          IID_IDBInitialize,
                          (void **)&pIDBInitialize);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        printf("Failed to obtain access to the OLE DB Driver.\r\n");
        goto _ExitInitialize;
    }
    // Initialize property values needed to establish connection.
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        VariantInit(&InitProperties[i].vValue);
    }

    // Server name.
    // See DBPROP structure for more information on InitProperties
    InitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
    InitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
    InitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"Server");
    InitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
    InitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;

    // Database.
    InitProperties[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;
    InitProperties[1].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
    InitProperties[1].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"database");
    InitProperties[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
    InitProperties[1].colid = DB_NULLID;

    // Username (login).
    InitProperties[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_INTEGRATED;
    InitProperties[2].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
    InitProperties[2].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"SSPI");
    InitProperties[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
    InitProperties[2].colid = DB_NULLID;

    // Construct the DBPROPSET structure(rgInitPropSet). The
    // DBPROPSET structure is used to pass an array of DBPROP
    // structures (InitProperties) to the SetProperties method.
    rgInitPropSet[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
    rgInitPropSet[0].cProperties = 3;
    rgInitPropSet[0].rgProperties = InitProperties;

    // Set initialization properties.
    hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,
                                        (void **)&pIDBProperties);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        printf("Failed to obtain an IDBProperties interface.\r\n");
        goto _ExitInitialize;
    }
    hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, rgInitPropSet);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        printf("Failed to set initialization properties.\r\n");
        goto _ExitInitialize;
    }

    // Now establish the connection to the data source.
    hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        printf("Failed to establish connection with the server.\r\n");
        goto _ExitInitialize;
    }

_ExitInitialize:
    if (pIDBProperties)
    {
        pIDBProperties->Release();
        pIDBProperties = nullptr;
    }

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        if (pIDBInitialize)
        {
            pIDBInitialize->Release();
            pIDBInitialize = nullptr;
        }
    }

    return hr;
}

另请参阅

创建适用于 SQL Server 的 OLE DB 驱动程序应用程序