通过

使用 DTE 启动 Visual Studio

  • 项目

从 Visual Studio 2017 开始，使用 DTE 启动 Visual Studio 的机制与启动早期版本的 Visual Studio 不同。 此更改是必需的，因为 Visual Studio 2017 及更高版本支持主版本的并行安装（例如，可以并行安装预览版和发布版本）。

本文的其余部分介绍了可用于使用 DTE 启动 Visual Studio 2019 的代码。

设置项目

若要查看启动代码的操作，请按照以下步骤创建项目。

  1. 为 .NET Framework 创建新的 控制台应用 项目。

  2. 安装 Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Configuration.Interop NuGet 包，并添加对程序集的引用。

  3. 添加对 EnvDTE 的引用。

  4. 将 后面的示例代码 粘贴到 Program.cs 文件中。

  5. 按 F5 运行程序。 在程序退出之前，应会看到 Visual Studio 2019 已打开。

示例代码

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Configuration;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes;
using System.Threading;

namespace ConsoleLauncherApp
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            EnvDTE.DTE dte = LaunchVsDte(isPreRelease: false);

            dte.MainWindow.WindowState = EnvDTE.vsWindowState.vsWindowStateMaximize;
            dte.MainWindow.WindowState = EnvDTE.vsWindowState.vsWindowStateMinimize;
            dte.MainWindow.WindowState = EnvDTE.vsWindowState.vsWindowStateNormal;
            dte.Quit();
        }

        private static EnvDTE.DTE LaunchVsDte(bool isPreRelease)
        {
            ISetupInstance setupInstance = GetSetupInstance(isPreRelease);
            string installationPath = setupInstance.GetInstallationPath();
            string executablePath = Path.Combine(installationPath, @"Common7\IDE\devenv.exe");
            Process vsProcess = Process.Start(executablePath);
            string runningObjectDisplayName = $"VisualStudio.DTE.16.0:{vsProcess.Id}";

            IEnumerable<string> runningObjectDisplayNames = null;
            object runningObject;
            for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++)
            {
                try
                {
                    runningObject = GetRunningObject(runningObjectDisplayName, out runningObjectDisplayNames);
                }
                catch
                {
                    runningObject = null;
                }

                if (runningObject != null)
                {
                    return (EnvDTE.DTE)runningObject;
                }

                Thread.Sleep(millisecondsTimeout: 1000);
            }

            throw new TimeoutException($"Failed to retrieve DTE object. Current running objects: {string.Join(";", runningObjectDisplayNames)}");
        }

        private static object GetRunningObject(string displayName, out IEnumerable<string> runningObjectDisplayNames)
        {
            IBindCtx bindContext = null;
            NativeMethods.CreateBindCtx(0, out bindContext);

            IRunningObjectTable runningObjectTable = null;
            bindContext.GetRunningObjectTable(out runningObjectTable);

            IEnumMoniker monikerEnumerator = null;
            runningObjectTable.EnumRunning(out monikerEnumerator);

            object runningObject = null;
            List<string> runningObjectDisplayNameList = new List<string>();
            IMoniker[] monikers = new IMoniker[1];
            IntPtr numberFetched = IntPtr.Zero;
            while (monikerEnumerator.Next(1, monikers, numberFetched) == 0)
            {
                IMoniker moniker = monikers[0];

                string objectDisplayName = null;
                try
                {
                    moniker.GetDisplayName(bindContext, null, out objectDisplayName);
                }
                catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
                {
                    // Some ROT objects require elevated permissions.
                }

                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(objectDisplayName))
                {
                    runningObjectDisplayNameList.Add(objectDisplayName);
                    if (objectDisplayName.EndsWith(displayName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    {
                        runningObjectTable.GetObject(moniker, out runningObject);
                        if (runningObject == null)
                        {
                            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to get running object with display name {displayName}");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            runningObjectDisplayNames = runningObjectDisplayNameList;
            return runningObject;
        }

        private static ISetupInstance GetSetupInstance(bool isPreRelease)
        {
            return GetSetupInstances().First(i => IsPreRelease(i) == isPreRelease);
        }

        private static IEnumerable<ISetupInstance> GetSetupInstances()
        {
            ISetupConfiguration setupConfiguration = new SetupConfiguration();
            IEnumSetupInstances enumerator = setupConfiguration.EnumInstances();

            int count;
            do
            {
                ISetupInstance[] setupInstances = new ISetupInstance[1];
                enumerator.Next(1, setupInstances, out count);
                if (count == 1 && setupInstances[0] != null)
                {
                    yield return setupInstances[0];
                }
            }
            while (count == 1);
        }

        private static bool IsPreRelease(ISetupInstance setupInstance)
        {
            ISetupInstanceCatalog setupInstanceCatalog = (ISetupInstanceCatalog)setupInstance;
            return setupInstanceCatalog.IsPrerelease();
        }

        private static class NativeMethods
        {
            [DllImport("ole32.dll")]
            public static extern int CreateBindCtx(uint reserved, out IBindCtx ppbc);
        }
    }
}

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