WMI 任务：磁盘和文件系统

项目
07/03/2023

磁盘和文件系统的 WMI 任务会获取有关磁盘驱动器硬件状态和逻辑卷的信息。有关其他示例，请通过 https://www.microsoft.com/technet 访问 TechNet ScriptCenter。

本主题中所示的脚本示例仅从本地计算机获取数据。有关如何使用脚本从远程计算机获取数据的详细信息，请参阅连接到远程计算机上的 WMI。

以下过程介绍了如何运行脚本。

运行脚本

复制代码并将其保存在扩展名为 .vbs 的文件中，例如 filename.vbs。确保文本编辑器不会向该文件添加 .txt 扩展名。
打开命令提示符窗口并导航到保存该文件的目录。
在命令提示符下键入 cscript filename.vbs。
如果无法访问事件日志，请进行检查以查看是否正从提升的命令提示符运行。某些事件日志（例如安全事件日志）可能受用户访问控制 (UAC) 的保护。

注意

默认情况下，cscript 会在命令提示符窗口中显示脚本的输出。由于 WMI 脚本可以生成大量输出，因此可能需要将输出重定向到文件。在命令提示符下键入 cscript filename.vbs > outfile.txt 以将 filename.vbs 脚本的输出重定向到 outfile.txt。

下表列出了可用于从本地计算机获取各种类型的数据的脚本示例。

如何实现... WMI 类或方法

…了解每位用户当前在计算机上使用了多少磁盘空间？

如果使用的是磁盘配额，请使用 Win32_DiskQuota 类并检索 User 和 DiskSpaceUsed 属性的值。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colQuotas = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_DiskQuota")
For each objQuota in colQuotas
    Wscript.Echo "Volume: "& vbTab &  objQuota.QuotaVolume
    Wscript.Echo "User: "& vbTab &  objQuota.User      
    Wscript.Echo "Disk Space Used: " & vbTab &  objQuota.DiskSpaceUsed
Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = "."
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_DiskQuota -ComputerName $strComputer
foreach ($objQuota in $colItems) 
{ 
    "Volume: " + $objQuota.QuotaVolume
    "User: " + $objQuota.User      
    "Disk Space Used: " + $objQuota.DiskSpaceUsed
}

…确定何时已将可移动驱动器添加到计算机或从计算机中移除？

使用查询 Win32_VolumeChangeEvent 类的监视脚本。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colMonitoredEvents = objWMIService. ExecNotificationQuery( "Select * from Win32_VolumeChangeEvent")
Do
    Set objLatestEvent = colMonitoredEvents.NextEvent
    Wscript.Echo objLatestEvent.DriveName
    Wscript.Echo objLatestEvent.EventType
    Wscript.Echo objLatestEvent.Time_Created
Loop

…确定 CD 是否在 CD-ROM 驱动器中？

使用 Win32_CDROMDrive 类和 MediaLoaded 属性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery( "Select * from Win32_CDROMDrive")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Media Loaded: " & objItem.MediaLoaded
Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = "."
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_CDROMDrive -ComputerName $strComputer
foreach ($objItem in $colItems)
{
    "Device ID: " + $objItem.DeviceID
    "MediaLoaded: " + $objItem.MediaLoaded
}

…确定磁盘是否在软盘驱动器中？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 类并检查 FreeSpace 属性。如果值为 Null，则驱动器中没有磁盘。

strComputer = "." Set objWMIService = GetObject( "winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2") Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * From Win32_LogicalDisk Where DeviceID = 'A:'") For Each objItem in colItems
intFreeSpace = objItem.FreeSpace
If IsNull(intFreeSpace) Then
Wscript.Echo "There is no disk in the floppy drive."
Else
Wscript.Echo "There is a disk in the floppy drive."
End If
Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = "." $colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalDisk -Namespace "root\cimv2" -ComputerName $strComputer | ` Where-Object { $_.DeviceID -eq "A:" } foreach ($objItem in $colItems)
{
$intFreeSpace = $objItem.FreeSpace
if ($intFreeSpace -eq $null) { "There is no disk in the floppy drive." }
else { "There is a disk in the floppy drive." }
}

…区分固定硬盘和可移动硬盘？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 类并检查 DriveType 属性的值。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
    & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" _
    & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery _
    ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: "& vbTab _
        &  objDisk.DeviceID       
    Select Case objDisk.DriveType
        Case 1
            Wscript.Echo "No root directory. " & "Drive type could not be " & "determined."
        Case 2
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Removable drive."
        Case 3
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Local hard disk."
        Case 4
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Network disk."      
        Case 5
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Compact disk."      
        Case 6
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "RAM disk."   
        Case Else
            Wscript.Echo "Drive type could not be" & " determined."
    End Select
Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = "." $colDisks = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalDisk -ComputerName $strComputer foreach ($objDisk in $colDisks)
{
"DeviceID: " + $objDisk.deviceID
switch ($objDisk.DriveType)
{
'1' { "No root directory. Drive type could not be determined." }
'2' { "DriveType: Removable drive." }
'3' { "DriveType: Local hard disk." }
'4' { "DriveType: Network disk." }
'5' { "DriveType: Compact disk." }
'6' { "DriveType: RAM disk." }
default: { "Drive type could not be determined." }
}
}

…确定驱动器上使用的是什么文件系统？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 类和 FileSystem 属性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: " & objDisk.DeviceID       
    Wscript.Echo "File System: " & objDisk.FileSystem
Next

…确定驱动器上有多少可用空间？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 类和 FreeSpace 属性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: " & objDisk.DeviceID       
    Wscript.Echo "Free Disk Space: " & objDisk.FreeSpace
Next

…确定驱动器的大小？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 类和 Size 属性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: " & objDisk.DeviceID       
    Wscript.Echo "Disk Size: " & objDisk.Size
Next

…找出计算机上映射了哪些驱动器？

使用 Win32_MappedLogicalDisk 类。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService. ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_MappedLogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objDisk.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objDisk.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Free Space: " & objDisk.FreeSpace
    Wscript.Echo "Size: " & objDisk.Size
Next

…对硬盘进行碎片整理？

使用 Win32_Volume 类和 Defrag 方法。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colVolumes = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_Volume Where Name = 'K:\\'")
For Each objVolume in colVolumes
     errResult = objVolume.Defrag()
Next

…检测哪个驱动器号与逻辑磁盘分区关联？

从 Win32_DiskDrive 类开始，使用 DeviceID 属性和 Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition 关联类查询 Win32_DiskPartition 的实例。现在，物理驱动器上有了分区集合。
使用 Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID 属性和 Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition 关联类查询表示分区的 Win32_LogicalDisk。
从 Win32_LogicalDisk.DeviceID 获取驱动器号。

ComputerName = "." Set wmiServices = GetObject ( _ "winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=Impersonate}!//" & ComputerName) ' Get physical disk drive Set wmiDiskDrives = wmiServices.ExecQuery ( "SELECT Caption, DeviceID FROM Win32_DiskDrive") For Each wmiDiskDrive In wmiDiskDrives WScript.Echo "Disk drive Caption: " & wmiDiskDrive.Caption & VbNewLine & "DeviceID: " & " (" & wmiDiskDrive.DeviceID & ")" 'Use the disk drive device id to ' find associated partition query = "ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskDrive.DeviceID='" _ & wmiDiskDrive.DeviceID & "'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition" Set wmiDiskPartitions = wmiServices.ExecQuery(query) For Each wmiDiskPartition In wmiDiskPartitions 'Use partition device id to find logical disk Set wmiLogicalDisks = wmiServices.ExecQuery _ ("ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID='" _ & wmiDiskPartition.DeviceID & "'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition")

For Each wmiLogicalDisk In wmiLogicalDisks WScript.Echo "Drive letter associated" _ & " with disk drive = " _ & wmiDiskDrive.Caption _ & wmiDiskDrive.DeviceID _ & VbNewLine & " Partition = " _ & wmiDiskPartition.DeviceID _ & VbNewLine & " is " _ & wmiLogicalDisk.DeviceID Next Next Next

脚本和应用程序的 WMI 任务
WMI C++ 应用程序示例
TechNet ScriptCenter

WMI 任务：磁盘和文件系统

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