示例:创建 WMI 应用程序

可以使用本主题中的过程和代码示例创建一个完整的 WMI 客户端应用程序,该应用程序执行 COM 初始化,连接到本地计算机上的 WMI,读取一些数据,然后进行清理。 连接到远程计算机上的 WMI 介绍了如何从远程计算机获取数据。

以下过程包括所有 C++ WMI 应用程序所需的所有步骤。

  1. 通过调用 CoInitializeEx 来初始化 COM 参数。

    有关详细信息,请参阅初始化 WMI 应用程序的 COM

  2. 通过调用 CoInitializeSecurity 来初始化 COM 进程安全性。

    有关详细信息,请参阅 使用 C++ 设置默认进程安全级别

  3. 通过调用 IWbemLocator::ConnectServer 获取指向指定主计算机上(在简单案例中为本地计算机)某个命名空间的 IWbemServices 的指针。

    要连接到远程计算机,例如 Computer_A,请使用以下对象路径参数:

    _bstr_t(L"\\COMPUTER_A\ROOT\\CIMV2")
    

    有关详细信息,请参阅创建与 WMI 命名空间的连接

  4. 通过调用 CoSetProxyBlanket 来设置 IWbemServices 代理安全性,以便 WMI 服务可以模拟客户端。

    有关详细信息,请参阅在 WMI 连接上设置安全级别

  5. 使用 IWbemServices 指针向 WMI 发出请求。 例如,查询所有 Win32_Service 实例以确定哪些服务已停止。

    有关详细信息,请参阅操作类和实例信息查询 WMI接收 WMI 事件

  6. 清理对象和 COM。

    有关详细信息,请参阅清理和关闭 WMI 应用程序

下面的示例代码是一个完整的 WMI 客户端应用程序。


#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <comdef.h>
#include <Wbemidl.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    HRESULT hres;

    // Initialize COM.
    hres =  CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED); 
    if (FAILED(hres))
    {
        cout << "Failed to initialize COM library. " 
            << "Error code = 0x" 
            << hex << hres << endl;
        return 1;              // Program has failed.
    }

    // Initialize 
    hres =  CoInitializeSecurity(
        NULL,     
        -1,      // COM negotiates service                  
        NULL,    // Authentication services
        NULL,    // Reserved
        RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,    // authentication
        RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,  // Impersonation
        NULL,             // Authentication info 
        EOAC_NONE,        // Additional capabilities
        NULL              // Reserved
        );

                      
    if (FAILED(hres))
    {
        cout << "Failed to initialize security. " 
            << "Error code = 0x" 
            << hex << hres << endl;
        CoUninitialize();
        return 1;          // Program has failed.
    }

    // Obtain the initial locator to Windows Management
    // on a particular host computer.
    IWbemLocator *pLoc = 0;

    hres = CoCreateInstance(
        CLSID_WbemLocator,             
        0, 
        CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, 
        IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);
 
    if (FAILED(hres))
    {
        cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object. "
            << "Error code = 0x"
            << hex << hres << endl;
        CoUninitialize();
        return 1;       // Program has failed.
    }

    IWbemServices *pSvc = 0;

    // Connect to the root\cimv2 namespace with the
    // current user and obtain pointer pSvc
    // to make IWbemServices calls.

    hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(
        
        _bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2"), // WMI namespace
        NULL,                    // User name
        NULL,                    // User password
        0,                       // Locale
        NULL,                    // Security flags                 
        0,                       // Authority       
        0,                       // Context object
        &pSvc                    // IWbemServices proxy
        );                              
    
    if (FAILED(hres))
    {
        cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x" 
            << hex << hres << endl;
        pLoc->Release();     
        CoUninitialize();
        return 1;                // Program has failed.
    }

    cout << "Connected to ROOT\\CIMV2 WMI namespace" << endl;

    // Set the IWbemServices proxy so that impersonation
    // of the user (client) occurs.
    hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(
       
       pSvc,                         // the proxy to set
       RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,            // authentication service
       RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,             // authorization service
       NULL,                         // Server principal name
       RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,       // authentication level
       RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,  // impersonation level
       NULL,                         // client identity 
       EOAC_NONE                     // proxy capabilities     
    );

    if (FAILED(hres))
    {
        cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x" 
             << hex << hres << endl;
        pSvc->Release();
        pLoc->Release();     
        CoUninitialize();
        return 1;               // Program has failed.
    }


    // Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI. 
    // Make requests here:

    // For example, query for all the running processes
    IEnumWbemClassObject* pEnumerator = NULL;
    hres = pSvc->ExecQuery(
        bstr_t("WQL"), 
        bstr_t("SELECT * FROM Win32_Process"),
        WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY, 
        NULL,
        &pEnumerator);
    
    if (FAILED(hres))
    {
        cout << "Query for processes failed. "
             << "Error code = 0x" 
             << hex << hres << endl;
        pSvc->Release();
        pLoc->Release();     
        CoUninitialize();
        return 1;               // Program has failed.
    }
    else
    { 
        IWbemClassObject *pclsObj;
        ULONG uReturn = 0;
   
        while (pEnumerator)
        {
            hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, 
                &pclsObj, &uReturn);

            if(0 == uReturn)
            {
                break;
            }

            VARIANT vtProp;

            // Get the value of the Name property
            hres = pclsObj->Get(L"Name", 0, &vtProp, 0, 0);
            wcout << "Process Name : " << vtProp.bstrVal << endl;
            VariantClear(&vtProp);
            
            pclsObj->Release();
            pclsObj = NULL;
        }
         
    }
 
    // Cleanup
    // ========
    
    pSvc->Release();
    pLoc->Release();
    pEnumerator->Release();  
    
    CoUninitialize();

    return 0;   // Program successfully completed.
}