示例:创建 WMI 应用程序
可以使用本主题中的过程和代码示例创建一个完整的 WMI 客户端应用程序,该应用程序执行 COM 初始化,连接到本地计算机上的 WMI,读取一些数据,然后进行清理。 连接到远程计算机上的 WMI 介绍了如何从远程计算机获取数据。
以下过程包括所有 C++ WMI 应用程序所需的所有步骤。
通过调用 CoInitializeEx 来初始化 COM 参数。
有关详细信息,请参阅初始化 WMI 应用程序的 COM。
通过调用 CoInitializeSecurity 来初始化 COM 进程安全性。
有关详细信息,请参阅 使用 C++ 设置默认进程安全级别。
通过调用 IWbemLocator::ConnectServer 获取指向指定主计算机上(在简单案例中为本地计算机)某个命名空间的 IWbemServices 的指针。
要连接到远程计算机,例如 Computer_A,请使用以下对象路径参数:
_bstr_t(L"\\COMPUTER_A\ROOT\\CIMV2")
有关详细信息,请参阅创建与 WMI 命名空间的连接。
通过调用 CoSetProxyBlanket 来设置 IWbemServices 代理安全性,以便 WMI 服务可以模拟客户端。
有关详细信息,请参阅在 WMI 连接上设置安全级别。
使用 IWbemServices 指针向 WMI 发出请求。 例如,查询所有 Win32_Service 实例以确定哪些服务已停止。
清理对象和 COM。
有关详细信息,请参阅清理和关闭 WMI 应用程序。
下面的示例代码是一个完整的 WMI 客户端应用程序。
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <comdef.h>
#include <Wbemidl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
HRESULT hres;
// Initialize COM.
hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize COM library. "
<< "Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Initialize
hres = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1, // COM negotiates service
NULL, // Authentication services
NULL, // Reserved
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // authentication
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Impersonation
NULL, // Authentication info
EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities
NULL // Reserved
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize security. "
<< "Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Obtain the initial locator to Windows Management
// on a particular host computer.
IWbemLocator *pLoc = 0;
hres = CoCreateInstance(
CLSID_WbemLocator,
0,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object. "
<< "Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
IWbemServices *pSvc = 0;
// Connect to the root\cimv2 namespace with the
// current user and obtain pointer pSvc
// to make IWbemServices calls.
hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(
_bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2"), // WMI namespace
NULL, // User name
NULL, // User password
0, // Locale
NULL, // Security flags
0, // Authority
0, // Context object
&pSvc // IWbemServices proxy
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
cout << "Connected to ROOT\\CIMV2 WMI namespace" << endl;
// Set the IWbemServices proxy so that impersonation
// of the user (client) occurs.
hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(
pSvc, // the proxy to set
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // authentication service
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // authorization service
NULL, // Server principal name
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // authentication level
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // impersonation level
NULL, // client identity
EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI.
// Make requests here:
// For example, query for all the running processes
IEnumWbemClassObject* pEnumerator = NULL;
hres = pSvc->ExecQuery(
bstr_t("WQL"),
bstr_t("SELECT * FROM Win32_Process"),
WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,
NULL,
&pEnumerator);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Query for processes failed. "
<< "Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
else
{
IWbemClassObject *pclsObj;
ULONG uReturn = 0;
while (pEnumerator)
{
hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1,
&pclsObj, &uReturn);
if(0 == uReturn)
{
break;
}
VARIANT vtProp;
// Get the value of the Name property
hres = pclsObj->Get(L"Name", 0, &vtProp, 0, 0);
wcout << "Process Name : " << vtProp.bstrVal << endl;
VariantClear(&vtProp);
pclsObj->Release();
pclsObj = NULL;
}
}
// Cleanup
// ========
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
pEnumerator->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 0; // Program successfully completed.
}