示例：公共类

项目
03/12/2024

对于执行 COM 初始化、需要错误处理和接收回调通知的许多后台智能传输服务 (BITS) 应用程序，可以使用本主题中的代码示例作为起点。

以下代码示例定义了一个异常类来处理错误。

class MyException
{
public:
    MyException(HRESULT hr, LPWSTR message):Error(hr), Message(message)
    {

    }
    HRESULT Error;
    std::wstring Message;
};

MyException 类是一个通用异常类，它接受 HRESULT 代码和错误字符串。

以下代码示例为 CoInitializeEx 函数定义了一个资源获取帮助程序类。

class CCoInitializer 
{
public:
    CCoInitializer( DWORD dwCoInit ) 
    { 
        HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx( NULL, dwCoInit );
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            throw MyException(hr,L"CoInitialize");
        }
    } 

    ~CCoInitializer() throw() 
    { 
        CoUninitialize(); 
    } 
};

CCoInitializer 类处理 COM 初始化的资源分配和解除分配。该类允许在类超出作用域时调用析构函数。此类无需在每个异常块后调用 CoUninitialize 方法。

以下代码示例是 CNotifyInterface 回调接口的声明。

// Implementation of the Callback interface
//
class CNotifyInterface : public IBackgroundCopyCallback
{
    LONG m_lRefCount;

public:
    //Constructor
    CNotifyInterface() {m_lRefCount = 1;};

//Destructor
    ~CNotifyInterface() {};

    //IUnknown methods
    HRESULT __stdcall QueryInterface(REFIID riid, LPVOID *ppvObj);
    ULONG __stdcall AddRef();
    ULONG __stdcall Release();

    //IBackgroundCopyCallback methods
    HRESULT __stdcall JobTransferred(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob);
    HRESULT __stdcall JobError(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, IBackgroundCopyError* pError);
    HRESULT __stdcall JobModification(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, DWORD dwReserved);

private:
    CNotifyInterface(const CNotifyInterface&);
    CNotifyInterface& operator=(const CNotifyInterface&);
};

CNotifyInterface 类派生自 IBackgroundCopyCallback 接口。 CNotifyInterface 类实现 IUnknown 接口。有关详细信息，请参阅 IUnknown。

CNotifyInterface 使用以下方法接收指出作业已完成、已修改或处于错误状态的通知：JobTransferred、JobModification 和 JobError。所有这些方法都接受 IBackgroundCopyJob 作业对象。

本例使用 CoTaskMemFree 释放内存资源。

以下代码示例是 IBackgroundCopyCallback 回调接口的实现。

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, LPVOID* ppvObj) 
{
    if (riid == __uuidof(IUnknown) || riid == __uuidof(IBackgroundCopyCallback)) 
    {
        *ppvObj = this;
    }
    else
    {
        *ppvObj = NULL; 
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    }

    AddRef();
    return NOERROR;
}

ULONG CNotifyInterface::AddRef() 
{
    return InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRefCount);
}

ULONG CNotifyInterface::Release() 
{
    // not thread safe
    ULONG  ulCount = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRefCount);

    if(0 == ulCount) 
    {
        delete this;
    }

    return ulCount;
}

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::JobTransferred(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob)
{
    HRESULT hr;

    wprintf(L"Job transferred. Completing Job...\n");
    hr = pJob->Complete();
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        //BITS probably was unable to rename one or more of the 
        //temporary files. See the Remarks section of the IBackgroundCopyJob::Complete 
        //method for more details.
        wprintf(L"Job Completion Failed with error %x\n", hr);
    }

    PostQuitMessage(0);

    //If you do not return S_OK, BITS continues to call this callback.
    return S_OK;
}

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::JobModification(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, DWORD dwReserved)
{
    return S_OK;
}

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::JobError(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, IBackgroundCopyError* pError)
{
    WCHAR* pszJobName = NULL;
    WCHAR* pszErrorDescription = NULL;

    //Use pJob and pError to retrieve information of interest. For example,
    //if the job is an upload reply, call the IBackgroundCopyError::GetError method 
    //to determine the context in which the job failed. 

    wprintf(L"Job entered error state...\n");
    HRESULT hr = pJob->GetDisplayName(&pszJobName);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        wprintf(L"Unable to get job name\n");
    }

    hr = pError->GetErrorDescription(GetUserDefaultUILanguage(), &pszErrorDescription);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        wprintf(L"Unable to get error description\n");
    }
    if (pszJobName && pszErrorDescription)
    {
        wprintf(L"Job %s ",pszJobName);
        wprintf(L"encountered the following error:\n");
        wprintf(L"%s\n",pszErrorDescription);
    }
    
    // Clean up
    CoTaskMemFree(pszJobName);
    CoTaskMemFree(pszErrorDescription);

    PostQuitMessage(hr);

    //If you do not return S_OK, BITS continues to call this callback.
    return S_OK;
}

以下标头文件用于公共代码类。这些类在前面的代码示例中使用过。

// commoncode.h
#pragma once

//
// Exception class used for error handling
//
class MyException
{
public:
    MyException(HRESULT hr, LPWSTR message):Error(hr), Message(message)
    {

    }
    HRESULT Error;
    std::wstring Message;
};

// CoInitialize helper class
class CCoInitializer 
{
public:
    CCoInitializer( DWORD dwCoInit ) 
    { 
        HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx( NULL, dwCoInit );
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            throw MyException(hr,L"CoInitialize");
        }
    } 

    ~CCoInitializer() throw() 
    { 
        CoUninitialize(); 
    } 
};

//
// Implementation of the Callback interface
//
class CNotifyInterface : public IBackgroundCopyCallback
{
    LONG m_lRefCount;

public:
    //Constructor, Destructor
    CNotifyInterface() {m_lRefCount = 1;};
    ~CNotifyInterface() {};

    //IUnknown
    HRESULT __stdcall QueryInterface(REFIID riid, LPVOID *ppvObj);
    ULONG __stdcall AddRef();
    ULONG __stdcall Release();

    //IBackgroundCopyCallback2 methods
    HRESULT __stdcall JobTransferred(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob);
    HRESULT __stdcall JobError(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, IBackgroundCopyError* pError);
    HRESULT __stdcall JobModification(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, DWORD dwReserved);
private:
    CNotifyInterface(const CNotifyInterface&);
    CNotifyInterface& operator=(const CNotifyInterface&);
};

以下示例代码是公共代码类的实现。

//commoncode.cpp

#include <bits.h>
#include <bits4_0.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <lm.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <exception>
#include <string>
#include <atlbase.h>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include "CommonCode.h"

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, LPVOID* ppvObj) 
{
    if (riid == __uuidof(IUnknown) || riid == __uuidof(IBackgroundCopyCallback)) 
    {
        *ppvObj = this;
    }
    else
    {
        *ppvObj = NULL; 
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    }

    AddRef();
    return NOERROR;
}

ULONG CNotifyInterface::AddRef() 
{
    return InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRefCount);
}

ULONG CNotifyInterface::Release() 
{
    // not thread safe
    ULONG  ulCount = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRefCount);

    if(0 == ulCount) 
    {
        delete this;
    }

    return ulCount;
}

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::JobTransferred(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob)
{
    HRESULT hr;

    wprintf(L"Job transferred. Completing Job...\n");
    hr = pJob->Complete();
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        //BITS probably was unable to rename one or more of the 
        //temporary files. See the Remarks section of the IBackgroundCopyJob::Complete 
        //method for more details.
        wprintf(L"Job Completion Failed with error %x\n", hr);
    }

    PostQuitMessage(0);

    //If you do not return S_OK, BITS continues to call this callback.
    return S_OK;
}

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::JobModification(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, DWORD dwReserved)
{
    return S_OK;
}

HRESULT CNotifyInterface::JobError(IBackgroundCopyJob* pJob, IBackgroundCopyError* pError)
{
    WCHAR* pszJobName = NULL;
    WCHAR* pszErrorDescription = NULL;

    //Use pJob and pError to retrieve information of interest. For example,
    //if the job is an upload reply, call the IBackgroundCopyError::GetError method 
    //to determine the context in which the job failed.

    wprintf(L"Job entered error state...\n");
    HRESULT hr = pJob->GetDisplayName(&pszJobName);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        wprintf(L"Unable to get job name\n");
    }

    hr = pError->GetErrorDescription(GetUserDefaultUILanguage(), &pszErrorDescription);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        wprintf(L"Unable to get error description\n");
    }
    if (pszJobName && pszErrorDescription)
    {
        wprintf(L"Job %s ",pszJobName);
        wprintf(L"encountered the following error:\n");
        wprintf(L"%s\n",pszErrorDescription);
    }

    CoTaskMemFree(pszJobName);
    CoTaskMemFree(pszErrorDescription);

    PostQuitMessage(hr);

    //If you do not return S_OK, BITS continues to call this callback.
    return S_OK;
}

IUnknown
IBackgroundCopyCallback
IBackgroundCopyJob
CoInitializeEx
CoUninitialize

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