通过昂贵的连接控制 BITS 下载

项目
03/11/2024

本主题演示如何阻止 BITS 作业通过昂贵的连接（例如漫游手机网络链接）下载。 BITS 是一个异步 API，应用程序在其中创建作业、将 URL 添加到该作业，并调用作业对象的 Resume 函数。此时开始，BITS 会根据作业优先级和传输策略等因素选择作业下载时间。作业下载完成后，BITS 会通知应用程序 URL 已下载（如果应用程序已注册完成通知）。在作业的生存期内，如果最终用户的网络发生更改（例如用户正在旅行且当前会产生漫游费用），则 BITS 将暂停作业，直到网络条件最佳。以下分步说明演示如何创建作业并指定相应的传输策略设置。

先决条件

Microsoft Visual Studio

说明

步骤 1：包括所需的 BITS 头文件

在源文件的顶部插入以下标头指令。

#include <bits.h>
#include <bits5_0.h>

步骤 2：初始化 COM

在实例化 IBackgroundCopyManager 接口（用于创建 BITS 作业）之前，必须初始化 COM、设置 COM 线程模型，并指定至少 RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE 模拟级别。

// Initialize COM and specify the COM threading model.
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
 // Specify an impersonation level of at least RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE.
 hr = CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL,
                           RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CONNECT,
                           RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
                           NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
 if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 {
  ...

步骤 3：实例化 IBackgroundCopyManager 接口

使用 IBackgroundCopyManager 接口创建传输作业、检索包含队列中的作业的枚举器对象，以及从队列中检索单个作业。

IBackgroundCopyManager* pQueueMgr;

hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(BackgroundCopyManager),
                      NULL,
                      CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
                      __uuidof(IBackgroundCopyManager),
                      (void **)&pQueueMgr);

第 4 步：创建 BITS 作业

只有创建作业的用户或具有管理员权限的用户才能将文件添加到作业并更改作业的属性。

GUID guidJob;
IBackgroundCopyJob* pBackgroundCopyJob;

hr = pQueueMgr->CreateJob(L"TransferPolicy",
                          BG_JOB_TYPE_DOWNLOAD,
                          &guidJob,
                          (IBackgroundCopyJob **)&pBackgroundCopyJob);

步骤 5：指定作业的传输策略设置

这是指定成本状态传输策略的位置。可以使用按位 OR 组合设置多个 BITS_COST_STATE 标志来实现所需的结果。

BITS_JOB_PROPERTY_VALUE propval;
IBackgroundCopyJob5* pBackgroundCopyJob5;

propval.Dword = BITS_COST_STATE_USAGE_BASED
              | BITS_COST_STATE_OVERCAP_THROTTLED
              | BITS_COST_STATE_BELOW_CAP
              | BITS_COST_STATE_CAPPED_USAGE_UNKNOWN
              | BITS_COST_STATE_UNRESTRICTED;

hr = pBackgroundCopyJob->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IBackgroundCopyJob5),
                                        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pBackgroundCopyJob5));
if(SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
 pBackgroundCopyJob5->SetProperty(BITS_JOB_PROPERTY_ID_COST_FLAGS, propval);
}

示例

下面的代码示例演示如何设置 BITS 作业的传输策略，以便在满足某些条件时不会处理作业，例如，当用户漫游或超出其每月数据传输限制时。

//*********************************************************
//
//    Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
//    This code is licensed under the Microsoft Public License.
//    THIS CODE IS PROVIDED *AS IS* WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
//    ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
//    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
//    PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
//
//*********************************************************

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN             // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
#include <windows.h>
#include <bits.h>
#include <stdio.h> // define wprintf


int main()
{
 HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 GUID guidJob;
 IBackgroundCopyJob5* pBackgroundCopyJob5;  
 IBackgroundCopyJob* pBackgroundCopyJob;
 IBackgroundCopyManager* pQueueMgr;
 BITS_JOB_PROPERTY_VALUE propval;

 // Specify the COM threading model.
 hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
 if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 {
  // The impersonation level must be at least RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE.
  hr = CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL,
                            RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CONNECT,
                            RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
                            NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
  {
   hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(BackgroundCopyManager), 
                         NULL,
                         CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
                         __uuidof(IBackgroundCopyManager),
                         (void **)&pQueueMgr);

   if (FAILED(hr))
   {
    // Failed to connect to BITS.
    wprintf(L"Failed to connect to BITS with error %x\n",hr);
    goto done;
   }

   // Create a BITS job.
   wprintf(L"Creating Job...\n");

   hr = pQueueMgr->CreateJob(L"TransferPolicy",
                             BG_JOB_TYPE_DOWNLOAD,
                             &guidJob,
                             (IBackgroundCopyJob **)&pBackgroundCopyJob);

   if (FAILED(hr))
   {
    wprintf(L"Failed to Create Job, error = %x\n",hr);
    goto cancel;
   }

   wprintf(L" Job is succesfully created ...\n");

   // Set the Transfer Policy for the job.
   propval.Dword = BITS_COST_STATE_USAGE_BASED 
                 | BITS_COST_STATE_OVERCAP_THROTTLED
                 | BITS_COST_STATE_BELOW_CAP
                 | BITS_COST_STATE_CAPPED_USAGE_UNKNOWN
                 | BITS_COST_STATE_UNRESTRICTED;

   hr = pBackgroundCopyJob->QueryInterface(
         __uuidof(IBackgroundCopyJob5),
         reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pBackgroundCopyJob5)
        );

   if (FAILED(hr))
   {
    wprintf(L"Failed to Create Job, error = %x\n",hr);
    goto cancel;
   }
   pBackgroundCopyJob5->SetProperty(BITS_JOB_PROPERTY_ID_COST_FLAGS, propval);

   // Get the Transfer Policy for the new job.
   BITS_JOB_PROPERTY_VALUE actual_propval;

   wprintf(L"Getting TransferPolicy Property ...\n");

   hr = pBackgroundCopyJob5->GetProperty(BITS_JOB_PROPERTY_ID_COST_FLAGS, 
                                         &actual_propval);
   if (FAILED(hr))
   {
    // SetSSLSecurityFlags failed.
    wprintf(L"GetProperty failed with error %x\n",hr);
    goto cancel;
   }

   DWORD job_transferpolicy = actual_propval.Dword;
   wprintf(L"get TransferPolicy Property returned %#x\n", job_transferpolicy);
  }
done:
  CoUninitialize();
 }
 return 1;

cancel:
 pBackgroundCopyJob->Cancel(); 
 pBackgroundCopyJob->Release();
 goto done;
}

通过