使用条件变量

以下代码实现生成者/使用者队列。 队列表示为有界循环缓冲区，并受关键节的保护。 代码使用两个条件变量：一个由生成者 (BufferNotFull) 使用，一个供使用者 (BufferNotEmpty) 使用。

代码调用 InitializeConditionVariable 函数来创建条件变量。 使用者线程调用 SleepConditionVariableCS 函数以等待项添加到队列中，而 WakeConditionVariable 函数则向生成者发出信号，指示它已准备好更多项。 生成者线程调用 SleepConditionVariableCS 以等待使用者从队列中删除项，并调用 WakeConditionVariable 以向使用者发出队列中更多项的信号。

Windows Server 2003 和 Windows XP： 不支持条件变量。

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
#define PRODUCER_SLEEP_TIME_MS 500
#define CONSUMER_SLEEP_TIME_MS 2000

LONG Buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
LONG LastItemProduced;
ULONG QueueSize;
ULONG QueueStartOffset;

ULONG TotalItemsProduced;
ULONG TotalItemsConsumed;

CONDITION_VARIABLE BufferNotEmpty;
CONDITION_VARIABLE BufferNotFull;
CRITICAL_SECTION   BufferLock;

BOOL StopRequested;

DWORD WINAPI ProducerThreadProc (PVOID p)
{
    ULONG ProducerId = (ULONG)(ULONG_PTR)p;

    while (true)
    {
        // Produce a new item.

        Sleep (rand() % PRODUCER_SLEEP_TIME_MS);

        ULONG Item = InterlockedIncrement (&LastItemProduced);

        EnterCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        while (QueueSize == BUFFER_SIZE && StopRequested == FALSE)
        {
            // Buffer is full - sleep so consumers can get items.
            SleepConditionVariableCS (&BufferNotFull, &BufferLock, INFINITE);
        }

        if (StopRequested == TRUE)
        {
            LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);
            break;
        }

        // Insert the item at the end of the queue and increment size.

        Buffer[(QueueStartOffset + QueueSize) % BUFFER_SIZE] = Item;
        QueueSize++;
        TotalItemsProduced++;

        printf ("Producer %u: item %2d, queue size %2u\r\n", ProducerId, Item, QueueSize);

        LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        // If a consumer is waiting, wake it.

        WakeConditionVariable (&BufferNotEmpty);
    }

    printf ("Producer %u exiting\r\n", ProducerId);
    return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI ConsumerThreadProc (PVOID p)
{
    ULONG ConsumerId = (ULONG)(ULONG_PTR)p;

    while (true)
    {
        EnterCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        while (QueueSize == 0 && StopRequested == FALSE)
        {
            // Buffer is empty - sleep so producers can create items.
            SleepConditionVariableCS (&BufferNotEmpty, &BufferLock, INFINITE);
        }

        if (StopRequested == TRUE && QueueSize == 0)
        {
            LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);
            break;
        }

        // Consume the first available item.

        LONG Item = Buffer[QueueStartOffset];

        QueueSize--;
        QueueStartOffset++;
        TotalItemsConsumed++;

        if (QueueStartOffset == BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
            QueueStartOffset = 0;
        }

        printf ("Consumer %u: item %2d, queue size %2u\r\n", 
            ConsumerId, Item, QueueSize);

        LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        // If a producer is waiting, wake it.

        WakeConditionVariable (&BufferNotFull);

        // Simulate processing of the item.

        Sleep (rand() % CONSUMER_SLEEP_TIME_MS);
    }

    printf ("Consumer %u exiting\r\n", ConsumerId);
    return 0;
}

int main ( void )
{
    InitializeConditionVariable (&BufferNotEmpty);
    InitializeConditionVariable (&BufferNotFull);

    InitializeCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

    DWORD id;
    HANDLE hProducer1 = CreateThread (NULL, 0, ProducerThreadProc, (PVOID)1, 0, &id);
    HANDLE hConsumer1 = CreateThread (NULL, 0, ConsumerThreadProc, (PVOID)1, 0, &id);
    HANDLE hConsumer2 = CreateThread (NULL, 0, ConsumerThreadProc, (PVOID)2, 0, &id);

    puts ("Press enter to stop...");
    getchar();

    EnterCriticalSection (&BufferLock);
    StopRequested = TRUE;
    LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

    WakeAllConditionVariable (&BufferNotFull);
    WakeAllConditionVariable (&BufferNotEmpty);

    WaitForSingleObject (hProducer1, INFINITE);
    WaitForSingleObject (hConsumer1, INFINITE);
    WaitForSingleObject (hConsumer2, INFINITE);

    printf ("TotalItemsProduced: %u, TotalItemsConsumed: %u\r\n", 
        TotalItemsProduced, TotalItemsConsumed);
    return 0;
}

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