教學課程：部署連結的範本

文章
09/26/2024

在前面的教學課程中，您已了解如何部署儲存在本機電腦中的範本。若要部署複雜的解決方案，您可以將一個範本拆解成許多範本，然後透過主要範本來部署這些拆解出來的範本。在本教學課程中，您將了解如何部署包含連結範本參考的主要範本。部署主要範本時，其會觸發連結範本的部署。您也會了解如何使用 SAS 權杖來儲存及保護範本。完成此教學課程大約需要 12 分鐘。

必要條件

建議您完成上一個教學課程，但這並非必要條件。

檢閱範本

在前面的教學課程中，您部署了範本來建立儲存體帳戶、App Service 方案和 Web 應用程式。所使用的範本是：

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "projectName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 3,
      "maxLength": 11,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a project name that is used to generate resource names."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a location for the resources."
      }
    },
    "storageSKU": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_LRS",
      "allowedValues": [
        "Standard_LRS",
        "Standard_GRS",
        "Standard_RAGRS",
        "Standard_ZRS",
        "Premium_LRS",
        "Premium_ZRS",
        "Standard_GZRS",
        "Standard_RAGZRS"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the storage account type."
      }
    },
    "linuxFxVersion": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "php|7.0",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the Runtime stack of current web app"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "storageAccountName": "[format('{0}{1}', parameters('projectName'), uniqueString(resourceGroup().id))]",
    "webAppName": "[format('{0}WebApp', parameters('projectName'))]",
    "appServicePlanName": "[format('{0}Plan', parameters('projectName'))]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2023-01-01",
      "name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[parameters('storageSKU')]"
      },
      "kind": "StorageV2",
      "properties": {
        "supportsHttpsTrafficOnly": true
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/serverfarms",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('appServicePlanName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "B1",
        "tier": "Basic",
        "size": "B1",
        "family": "B",
        "capacity": 1
      },
      "kind": "linux",
      "properties": {
        "perSiteScaling": false,
        "reserved": true,
        "targetWorkerCount": 0,
        "targetWorkerSizeId": 0
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/sites",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('webAppName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "kind": "app",
      "properties": {
        "serverFarmId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]",
        "siteConfig": {
          "linuxFxVersion": "[parameters('linuxFxVersion')]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "storageEndpoint": {
      "type": "object",
      "value": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName')), '2023-01-01').primaryEndpoints]"
    }
  }
}

建立連結的範本

您可以將儲存體帳戶資源分散到連結的範本中：

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "storageAccountName": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the storage account name."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a location for the resources."
      }
    },
    "storageSKU": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_LRS",
      "allowedValues": [
        "Standard_LRS",
        "Standard_GRS",
        "Standard_RAGRS",
        "Standard_ZRS",
        "Premium_LRS",
        "Premium_ZRS",
        "Standard_GZRS",
        "Standard_RAGZRS"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify the storage account type."
      }
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2023-01-01",
      "name": "[parameters('storageAccountName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[parameters('storageSKU')]"
      },
      "kind": "StorageV2",
      "properties": {
        "supportsHttpsTrafficOnly": true
      }
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "storageEndpoint": {
      "type": "object",
      "value": "[reference(parameters('storageAccountName')).primaryEndpoints]"
    }
  }
}

下列範本是主要範本。醒目提示的 Microsoft.Resources/deployments 物件會顯示如何呼叫連結的範本。連結的範本無法儲存為本機檔案，也無法儲存為只能在區域網路上使用的檔案。您可以提供包含 HTTP 或 HTTPS 的連結範本 URI 值，或使用 relativePath 屬性，在相對於父範本的位置部署遠端連結範本。其中一個選項是將主要範本和連結範本同時放在儲存體帳戶中。

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "projectName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 3,
      "maxLength": 11,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a project name that is used to generate resource names."
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Specify a location for the resources."
      }
    },
    "linuxFxVersion": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "php|7.0",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The Runtime stack of current web app"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "storageAccountName": "[concat(parameters('projectName'), uniqueString(resourceGroup().id))]",
    "webAppName": "[concat(parameters('projectName'), 'WebApp')]",
    "appServicePlanName": "[concat(parameters('projectName'), 'Plan')]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "name": "linkedTemplate",
      "type": "Microsoft.Resources/deployments",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "properties": {
        "mode": "Incremental",
        "templateLink": {
          "relativePath": "linkedStorageAccount.json"
        },
        "parameters": {
          "storageAccountName": {
            "value": "[variables('storageAccountName')]"
          },
          "location": {
            "value": "[parameters('location')]"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/serverfarms",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('appServicePlanName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "B1",
        "tier": "Basic",
        "size": "B1",
        "family": "B",
        "capacity": 1
      },
      "kind": "linux",
      "properties": {
        "perSiteScaling": false,
        "reserved": true,
        "targetWorkerCount": 0,
        "targetWorkerSizeId": 0
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Web/sites",
      "apiVersion": "2022-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('webAppName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]"
      ],
      "kind": "app",
      "properties": {
        "serverFarmId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/serverfarms', variables('appServicePlanName'))]",
        "siteConfig": {
          "linuxFxVersion": "[parameters('linuxFxVersion')]"
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "storageEndpoint": {
      "type": "object",
      "value": "[reference('linkedTemplate').outputs.storageEndpoint.value]"
    }
  }
}

儲存連結的範本

主要範本和連結範本都儲存在 GitHub 中：

下列 PowerShell 指令碼會建立儲存體帳戶、建立容器，並將連結範本從 GitHub 存放庫複製到容器。這兩個範本為：

選取 [試試看] 以開啟 Cloud Shell，選取 [複製] 以複製 PowerShell 指令碼，然後以滑鼠右鍵按一下殼層窗格以貼上指令碼：

重要

儲存體帳戶名稱必須是唯一的，長度介於 3 到 24 個字元，而且只能使用數字和小寫字母。範例範本的 storageAccountName 變數合併了 projectName 參數的 11 個字元上限，以及 13 個字元的 uniqueString 值。

$projectName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter a project name:"   # This name is used to generate names for Azure resources, such as storage account name.
$location = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter a location (i.e. centralus)"

$resourceGroupName = $projectName + "rg"
$storageAccountName = $projectName + "store"
$containerName = "templates" # The name of the Blob container to be created.

$mainTemplateURL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-docs-json-samples/master/get-started-deployment/linked-template/azuredeploy.json"
$linkedTemplateURL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-docs-json-samples/master/get-started-deployment/linked-template/linkedStorageAccount.json"

$mainFileName = "azuredeploy.json" # A file name used for downloading and uploading the main template.Add-PSSnapin
$linkedFileName = "linkedStorageAccount.json" # A file name used for downloading and uploading the linked template.

# Download the templates
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $mainTemplateURL -OutFile "$home/$mainFileName"
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $linkedTemplateURL -OutFile "$home/$linkedFileName"

# Create a resource group
New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location

# Create a storage account
$storageAccount = New-AzStorageAccount `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -Name $storageAccountName `
    -Location $location `
    -SkuName "Standard_LRS"

$context = $storageAccount.Context

# Create a container
New-AzStorageContainer -Name $containerName -Context $context -Permission Container

# Upload the templates
Set-AzStorageBlobContent `
    -Container $containerName `
    -File "$home/$mainFileName" `
    -Blob $mainFileName `
    -Context $context

Set-AzStorageBlobContent `
    -Container $containerName `
    -File "$home/$linkedFileName" `
    -Blob $linkedFileName `
    -Context $context

Write-Host "Press [ENTER] to continue ..."

部署範本

若要在儲存體帳戶中部署範本，請產生 SAS 權杖並提供給 -QueryString 參數。設定到期時間，以允許足夠的時間來完成部署。僅有帳戶擁有者可以存取包含範本的 Blob。不過建立 Blob 的 SAS 權杖時，具備該 SAS 權杖的任何人都可以存取這個 Blob。如果另一位使用者攔截了 URI 和 SAS 權杖，那麼該使用者也能存取範本。 SAS Token 是限制存取範本的好方法，但您不應該將機密資料 (如密碼) 直接包含在範本中。

如果您尚未建立資源群組，請參閱建立資源群組。

注意

在下列 Azure CLI 程式碼中，date 參數 -d 會是 macOS 中無效的引數。因此若 macOS 的使用者，要在 macOS 上的終端機新增 2 小時到目前的時間，應該使用 -v+2H。

PowerShell
Azure CLI


$projectName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the same project name:"   # This name is used to generate names for Azure resources, such as storage account name.

$resourceGroupName="${projectName}rg"
$storageAccountName="${projectName}store"
$containerName = "templates"

$key = (Get-AzStorageAccountKey -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $storageAccountName).Value[0]
$context = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName $storageAccountName -StorageAccountKey $key

$mainTemplateUri = $context.BlobEndPoint + "$containerName/azuredeploy.json"
$sasToken = New-AzStorageContainerSASToken `
    -Context $context `
    -Container $containerName `
    -Permission r `
    -ExpiryTime (Get-Date).AddHours(2.0)
$newSas = $sasToken.substring(1)


New-AzResourceGroupDeployment `
  -Name DeployLinkedTemplate `
  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
  -TemplateUri $mainTemplateUri `
  -QueryString $newSas `
  -projectName $projectName `
  -verbose

Write-Host "Press [ENTER] to continue ..."

echo "Enter a project name that is used to generate resource names:" &&
read projectName &&

resourceGroupName="${projectName}rg" &&
storageAccountName="${projectName}store" &&
containerName="templates" &&

key=$(az storage account keys list -g $resourceGroupName -n $storageAccountName --query [0].value -o tsv) &&

sasToken=$(az storage container generate-sas \
  --account-name $storageAccountName \
  --account-key $key \
  --name $containerName \
  --permissions r \
  --expiry `date -u -d "120 minutes" '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ'`) &&
sasToken=$(echo $sasToken | sed 's/"//g')&&

blobUri=$(az storage account show -n $storageAccountName -g $resourceGroupName -o tsv --query primaryEndpoints.blob) &&
templateUri="${blobUri}${containerName}/azuredeploy.json" &&

az deployment group create \
  --name DeployLinkedTemplate \
  --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
  --template-uri $templateUri \
  --parameters projectName=$projectName \
  --query-string $sasToken \
  --verbose

清除資源

您可以藉由刪除資源群組來清除您所部署的資源。

在 Azure 入口網站中，選取左側功能表中的 [資源群組]。
在 [依名稱篩選] 欄位中輸入資源群組名稱。
選取資源群組名稱。
從頂端功能表中選取 [刪除資源群組]。

下一步

您已了解如何部署連結的範本。在下一個教學課程中，您將了解如何建立 DevOps 管線來部署範本。

建立管線

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