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Lakeflow Spark 宣告式管線中的流程範例

範例：從多個 Kafka 主題寫入串流表格

下列範例會建立一個名為 kafka_target 的串流表格，並從兩個 Kafka 主題將資料寫入該串流表格：

Python

from pyspark import pipelines as dp

dp.create_streaming_table("kafka_target")

# Kafka stream from multiple topics
@dp.append_flow(target = "kafka_target")
def topic1():
  return (
    spark.readStream
      .format("kafka")
      .option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "host1:port1,...")
      .option("subscribe", "topic1")
      .load()
  )

@dp.append_flow(target = "kafka_target")
def topic2():
  return (
    spark.readStream
      .format("kafka")
      .option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "host1:port1,...")
      .option("subscribe", "topic2")
      .load()
  )

SQL

CREATE OR REFRESH STREAMING TABLE kafka_target;

CREATE FLOW
  topic1
AS INSERT INTO
  kafka_target BY NAME
SELECT * FROM
  read_kafka(bootstrapServers => 'host1:port1,...', subscribe => 'topic1');

CREATE FLOW
  topic2
AS INSERT INTO
  kafka_target BY NAME
SELECT * FROM
  read_kafka(bootstrapServers => 'host1:port1,...', subscribe => 'topic2');

若要瞭解 read_kafka() 在 SQL 查詢中使用的表格值函數，請在 SQL 語言參考中查看 read_kafka。

在 Python 中，您可以以程式設計方式建立以單一資料表為目標的多個流程。 下列範例顯示 Kafka 主題清單的此模式。

備註

此模式與使用 for 迴圈建立表格的需求相同。 您必須明確將 Python 值傳遞至定義流程的函數。 請參閱 在迴圈中 for 建立表格。

from pyspark import pipelines as dp

dp.create_streaming_table("kafka_target")

topic_list = ["topic1", "topic2", "topic3"]

for topic_name in topic_list:

  @dp.append_flow(target = "kafka_target", name=f"{topic_name}_flow")
  def topic_flow(topic=topic_name):
    return (
      spark.readStream
        .format("kafka")
        .option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "host1:port1,...")
        .option("subscribe", topic)
        .load()
    )

範例：執行一次性資料回填

如果您想要執行查詢以將資料附加至現有的串流資料表，請使用 append_flow。

附加一組現有資料後，您有多個選項：

  • 如果您想要查詢在到達回填目錄時附加新資料，請將查詢保留在原處。
  • 如果您希望這是僅進行一次的回補，且永遠不會再次執行，請在執行管線一次後移除查詢。
  • 如果您想要查詢執行一次，而且只有在資料完全重新整理的情況下才會再次執行，請在附加流程上將參數設定once為 。True 在 SQL 中，使用 INSERT INTO ONCE.

下列範例會執行查詢，將歷程資料附加至串流資料表：

Python

from pyspark import pipelines as dp

@dp.table()
def csv_target():
  return spark.readStream
    .format("cloudFiles")
    .option("cloudFiles.format","csv")
    .load("path/to/sourceDir")

@dp.append_flow(
  target = "csv_target",
  once = True)
def backfill():
  return spark.readStream
    .format("cloudFiles")
    .option("cloudFiles.format","csv")
    .load("path/to/backfill/data/dir")

SQL

CREATE OR REFRESH STREAMING TABLE csv_target
AS SELECT * FROM
  read_files(
    "path/to/sourceDir",
    "csv"
  );

CREATE FLOW
  backfill
AS INSERT INTO ONCE
  csv_target BY NAME
SELECT * FROM
  read_files(
    "path/to/backfill/data/dir",
    "csv"
  );

如需更深入的範例，請參閱 使用管線回填歷史資料。

範例：使用附加流程處理，而不是 UNION

您可以使用附加流程查詢來合併多個來源並寫入單一串流資料表，而不是使用具有 UNION 子句的查詢。 使用附加流程查詢 （而非） UNION 可讓您從多個來源附加至串流資料表，而不需要執行 完整重新整理。

下列 Python 範例包含將多個資料來源與 UNION 子句結合的查詢：

@dp.create_table(name="raw_orders")
def unioned_raw_orders():
  raw_orders_us = (
    spark.readStream
      .format("cloudFiles")
      .option("cloudFiles.format", "csv")
      .load("/path/to/orders/us")
  )

  raw_orders_eu = (
    spark.readStream
      .format("cloudFiles")
      .option("cloudFiles.format", "csv")
      .load("/path/to/orders/eu")
  )

  return raw_orders_us.union(raw_orders_eu)

下列範例會將UNION查詢替換為附加流程查詢：

Python

dp.create_streaming_table("raw_orders")

@dp.append_flow(target="raw_orders")
def raw_orders_us():
  return spark.readStream
    .format("cloudFiles")
    .option("cloudFiles.format", "csv")
    .load("/path/to/orders/us")

@dp.append_flow(target="raw_orders")
def raw_orders_eu():
  return spark.readStream
    .format("cloudFiles")
    .option("cloudFiles.format", "csv")
    .load("/path/to/orders/eu")

# Additional flows can be added without the full refresh that a UNION query would require:
@dp.append_flow(target="raw_orders")
def raw_orders_apac():
  return spark.readStream
    .format("cloudFiles")
    .option("cloudFiles.format", "csv")
    .load("/path/to/orders/apac")

SQL

CREATE OR REFRESH STREAMING TABLE raw_orders;

CREATE FLOW
  raw_orders_us
AS INSERT INTO
  raw_orders BY NAME
SELECT * FROM
  STREAM read_files(
    "/path/to/orders/us",
    format => "csv"
  );

CREATE FLOW
  raw_orders_eu
AS INSERT INTO
  raw_orders BY NAME
SELECT * FROM
  STREAM read_files(
    "/path/to/orders/eu",
    format => "csv"
  );

-- Additional flows can be added without the full refresh that a UNION query would require:
CREATE FLOW
  raw_orders_apac
AS INSERT INTO
  raw_orders BY NAME
SELECT * FROM
  STREAM read_files(
    "/path/to/orders/apac",
    format => "csv"
  );

範例：使用transformWithState以監測感測器心跳

以下範例展示了一個有狀態的處理器，從 Kafka 讀取資料並驗證感測器是否定期發出心跳信號。 若在5分鐘內未收到心跳信號，處理器會向目標Delta表中加入一條紀錄以供分析。

欲了解更多關於建置自訂有狀態應用程式的資訊，請參見 「建置自訂有狀態應用程式」。

備註

RocksDB 是 Databricks Runtime 17.2 起的預設狀態提供者。 若查詢因不支援的提供者例外而失敗，請新增以下管線設定，執行完整刷新或檢查點重置，然後重新執行管線：

"configuration": {
    "spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass": "com.databricks.sql.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider",
    "spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.rocksdb.changelogCheckpointing.enabled": "true"
}

from typing import Iterator

import pandas as pd

from pyspark import pipelines as dp
from pyspark.sql.functions import col, from_json
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, LongType, StringType, TimestampType

KAFKA_TOPIC = "<your-kafka-topic>"

output_schema = StructType([
    StructField("sensor_id", LongType(), False),
    StructField("sensor_type", StringType(), False),
    StructField("last_heartbeat_time", TimestampType(), False)])

class SensorHeartbeatProcessor(StatefulProcessor):
    def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
        # Define state schema to store sensor information (sensor_id is the grouping key)
        state_schema = StructType([
            StructField("sensor_type", StringType(), False),
            StructField("last_heartbeat_time", TimestampType(), False)])
        self.sensor_state = handle.getValueState("sensorState", state_schema)
        # State variable to track the previously registered timer
        timer_schema = StructType([StructField("timer_ts", LongType(), False)])
        self.timer_state = handle.getValueState("timerState", timer_schema)
        self.handle = handle

    def handleInputRows(self, key, rows, timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
        # Process one row from input and update state
        pdf = next(rows)
        row = pdf.iloc[0]
        # Store or update the sensor information in state using current timestamp
        current_time = pd.Timestamp(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs(), unit='ms')
        self.sensor_state.update((
            row["sensor_type"],
            current_time
        ))

        # Delete old timer if already registered
        if self.timer_state.exists():
            old_timer = self.timer_state.get()[0]
            self.handle.deleteTimer(old_timer)

        # Register a timer for 5 minutes from current processing time
        expiry_time = timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + (5 * 60 * 1000)
        self.handle.registerTimer(expiry_time)
        # Store the new timer timestamp in state
        self.timer_state.update((expiry_time,))

        # No output on input processing, output only on timer expiry
        return iter([])

    def handleExpiredTimer(self, key, timerValues, expiredTimerInfo) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
        # Emit output row based on state store
        if self.sensor_state.exists():
            state = self.sensor_state.get()
            output = pd.DataFrame({
                "sensor_id": [key[0]],  # Use grouping key as sensor_id
                "sensor_type": [state[0]],
                "last_heartbeat_time": [state[1]]
            })
            # Remove the entry for the sensor from the state store
            self.sensor_state.clear()
            # Remove the timer state entry
            self.timer_state.clear()
            yield output

    def close(self) -> None:
        pass

dp.create_streaming_table("sensorAlerts")

# Define the schema for the Kafka message value
sensor_schema = StructType([
    StructField("sensor_id", LongType(), False),
    StructField("sensor_type", StringType(), False),
    StructField("sensor_value", LongType(), False)])

@dp.append_flow(target = "sensorAlerts")
def kafka_delta_flow():
    return (
      spark.readStream
        .format("kafka")
        .option("subscribe", KAFKA_TOPIC)
        .option("startingOffsets", "earliest")
        .load()
        .select(from_json(col("value").cast("string"), sensor_schema).alias("data"), col("timestamp"))
        .select("data.*", "timestamp")
        .withWatermark('timestamp', '1 hour')
        .groupBy(col("sensor_id"))
        .transformWithStateInPandas(
          statefulProcessor = SensorHeartbeatProcessor(),
          outputStructType = output_schema,
          outputMode = 'update',
          timeMode = 'ProcessingTime'))
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