ADO.NET 中的效能計數器

ADO.NET 2.0 導入了對效能計數器的擴充支援，其中包含對 System.Data.SqlClient 和 System.Data.OracleClient 的支援。 舊版 ADO.NET 中提供的 System.Data.SqlClient 效能計數器已被本主題中討論的新效能計數器取代。 您可以使用 ADO.NET 效能計數器來監控應用程式的狀態及其使用的連接資源。 效能計數器可藉由「Windows 效能監視器」來進行監視，或可藉由 PerformanceCounter 命名空間 (Namespace) 中的 System.Diagnostics 類別以程式設計的方式存取。

可用的效能計數器

目前有 14 種不同的效能計數器可供 System.Data.SqlClient 和 System.Data.OracleClient 使用 (如下表所述)。 請注意，個別計數器的名稱並未在 Microsoft .NET Framework 的區域版本中當地語系化。

效能計數器	描述
HardConnectsPerSecond	每秒鐘對資料庫伺服器所建立的連接數目。
HardDisconnectsPerSecond	每秒鐘對資料庫伺服器所進行的中斷連接數目。
NumberOfActiveConnectionPoolGroups	使用中的唯一連接集區群組的數目。 這個計數器是由 AppDomain 中找到的唯一連接字串數目所控制。
NumberOfActiveConnectionPools	連接集區的總數。
NumberOfActiveConnections	目前使用中的現用連接的數目。 注意：此效能計數器預設為未啟用。 若要啟用此效能計數器，請參閱啟動依預設關閉的計數器。
NumberOfFreeConnections	連接集區中可用的連接數目。 注意：此效能計數器預設為未啟用。 若要啟用此效能計數器，請參閱啟動依預設關閉的計數器。
NumberOfInactiveConnectionPoolGroups	標示為清除的唯一連接集區群組的數目。 這個計數器是由 AppDomain 中找到的唯一連接字串數目所控制。
NumberOfInactiveConnectionPools	最近未有任何活動且正等候處置 (Dispose) 的非現用連接集區數目。
NumberOfNonPooledConnections	尚未共用的現用連接的數目。
NumberOfPooledConnections	正由連接共用基礎結構所管理的現用連接的數目。
NumberOfReclaimedConnections	已透過記憶體回收作業回收的連接數目，其中 Close 或 Dispose 並非由應用程式呼叫。 未明確關閉或處置連接都會損及效能。
NumberOfStasisConnections	目前正等候動作完成因此無法提供應用程式使用的連接數目。
SoftConnectsPerSecond	正從連接集區提取的現用連接的數目。 注意：此效能計數器預設為未啟用。 若要啟用此效能計數器，請參閱啟動依預設關閉的計數器。
SoftDisconnectsPerSecond	正傳回至連接集區的現用連接的數目。 注意：此效能計數器預設為未啟用。 若要啟用此效能計數器，請參閱啟動依預設關閉的計數器。

連接集區群組和連接集區

在使用「Windows 驗證」(整合式安全性) 時，必須同時監控 NumberOfActiveConnectionPoolGroups 和 NumberOfActiveConnectionPools 效能計數器。 原因是連接集區群組會對應至唯一的連接字串。 使用整合式安全性時，連接集區會對應至連接字串，並針對個別的 Windows 識別 (Identity) 額外建立獨立的集區。 例如，如果 Fred 和 Julie 位於相同的 AppDomain 內，且兩者都使用連接字串 "Data Source=MySqlServer;Integrated Security=true"，則會針對連接字串建立連接集區群組，並針對 Fred 和 Julie 建立兩個額外的集區。 如果 John 和 Martha 使用具有相同 SQL Server 登入 "Data Source=MySqlServer;User Id=lowPrivUser;Password=[PLACEHOLDER]" 的連接字串，則只會針對 lowPrivUser 識別建立單一集區。

重要

Microsoft建議您使用可用的最安全驗證流程。 如果您要連接到 Azure SQL，Azure 資源受控識別是建議的驗證方法。

啟動依預設關閉的計數器

效能計數器 NumberOfFreeConnections、NumberOfActiveConnections、SoftDisconnectsPerSecond 和 SoftConnectsPerSecond 預設會關閉。 請將下列資訊加入至應用程式的組態檔加以啟用：

<system.diagnostics>
  <switches>
    <add name="ConnectionPoolPerformanceCounterDetail"
         value="4"/>
  </switches>
</system.diagnostics>

擷取效能計數器值

下列主控台應用程式顯示如何在應用程式中擷取效能計數器值。 連接必須為開啟及使用中，才能傳回所有 ADO.NET 效能計數器的資訊。

注意

此範例使用包含於 SQL Server 的 AdventureWorks 範例資料庫。 範例程式碼中提供的連接字串假設該資料庫已安裝且可用於具有 SqlExpress 執行個體名稱的本機電腦上，而且您已建立符合連接字串中所提供登入的 SQL Server 登入。 如果伺服器是使用僅允許「Windows 驗證」的預設安全性設定而設定，則可能需要啟用 SQL Server 登入。 請視環境需要修改連接字串。

範例

Option Explicit On
Option Strict On

Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Diagnostics
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Class Program

    Private PerfCounters(9) As PerformanceCounter
    Private connection As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim prog As Program = New Program
        ' Open a connection and create the performance counters.
        prog.connection.ConnectionString = _
           GetIntegratedSecurityConnectionString()
        prog.SetUpPerformanceCounters()
        Console.WriteLine("Available Performance Counters:")

        ' Create the connections and display the results.
        prog.CreateConnections()
        Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to finish.")
        Console.ReadLine()
    End Sub

    Private Sub CreateConnections()
        ' List the Performance counters.
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        ' Create 4 connections and display counter information.
        Dim connection1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection( _
           GetIntegratedSecurityConnectionString)
        connection1.Open()
        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 1st Connection:")
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        Dim connection2 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection( _
           GetSqlConnectionStringDifferent)
        connection2.Open()
        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 2nd Connection:")
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 3rd Connection:")
        Dim connection3 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection( _
           GetSqlConnectionString)
        connection3.Open()
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        Dim connection4 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection( _
           GetSqlConnectionString)
        connection4.Open()
        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 4th Connection:")
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        connection1.Close()
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 1st Connection:")
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        connection2.Close()
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 2nd Connection:")
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        connection3.Close()
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 3rd Connection:")
        WritePerformanceCounters()

        connection4.Close()
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 4th Connection:")
        WritePerformanceCounters()
    End Sub

    Private Enum ADO_Net_Performance_Counters
        NumberOfActiveConnectionPools
        NumberOfReclaimedConnections
        HardConnectsPerSecond
        HardDisconnectsPerSecond
        NumberOfActiveConnectionPoolGroups
        NumberOfInactiveConnectionPoolGroups
        NumberOfInactiveConnectionPools
        NumberOfNonPooledConnections
        NumberOfPooledConnections
        NumberOfStasisConnections
        ' The following performance counters are more expensive to track.
        ' Enable ConnectionPoolPerformanceCounterDetail in your config file.
        '     SoftConnectsPerSecond
        '     SoftDisconnectsPerSecond
        '     NumberOfActiveConnections
        '     NumberOfFreeConnections
    End Enum

    Private Sub SetUpPerformanceCounters()
        connection.Close()
        Me.PerfCounters(9) = New PerformanceCounter()

        Dim instanceName As String = GetInstanceName()
        Dim apc As Type = GetType(ADO_Net_Performance_Counters)
        Dim i As Integer = 0
        Dim s As String = ""
        For Each s In [Enum].GetNames(apc)
            Me.PerfCounters(i) = New PerformanceCounter()
            Me.PerfCounters(i).CategoryName = ".NET Data Provider for SqlServer"
            Me.PerfCounters(i).CounterName = s
            Me.PerfCounters(i).InstanceName = instanceName
            i = (i + 1)
        Next
    End Sub

    Private Declare Function GetCurrentProcessId Lib "kernel32.dll" () As Integer

    Private Function GetInstanceName() As String
        'This works for Winforms apps.
        Dim instanceName As String = _
           System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly.GetName.Name

        ' Must replace special characters like (, ), #, /, \\
        Dim instanceName2 As String = _
           AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName.ToString.Replace("(", "[") _
           .Replace(")", "]").Replace("#", "_").Replace("/", "_").Replace("\\", "_")

        'For ASP.NET applications your instanceName will be your CurrentDomain's
        'FriendlyName. Replace the line above that sets the instanceName with this:
        'instanceName = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName.ToString.Replace("(", "[") _
        '    .Replace(")", "]").Replace("#", "_").Replace("/", "_").Replace("\\", "_")

        Dim pid As String = GetCurrentProcessId.ToString
        instanceName = (instanceName + ("[" & (pid & "]")))
        Console.WriteLine("Instance Name: {0}", instanceName)
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------")
        Return instanceName
    End Function

    Private Sub WritePerformanceCounters()
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------")
        For Each p As PerformanceCounter In Me.PerfCounters
            Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", p.CounterName, p.NextValue)
        Next
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------")
    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class Program
{
    PerformanceCounter[] PerfCounters = new PerformanceCounter[10];
    SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection();

    static void Main()
    {
        Program prog = new Program();
        // Open a connection and create the performance counters.
        prog.connection.ConnectionString =
           GetIntegratedSecurityConnectionString();
        prog.SetUpPerformanceCounters();
        Console.WriteLine("Available Performance Counters:");

        // Create the connections and display the results.
        prog.CreateConnections();
        Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to finish.");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private void CreateConnections()
    {
        // List the Performance counters.
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        // Create 4 connections and display counter information.
        SqlConnection connection1 = new SqlConnection(
              GetIntegratedSecurityConnectionString());
        connection1.Open();
        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 1st Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        SqlConnection connection2 = new SqlConnection(
              GetSqlConnectionStringDifferent());
        connection2.Open();
        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 2nd Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        SqlConnection connection3 = new SqlConnection(
              GetSqlConnectionString());
        connection3.Open();
        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 3rd Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        SqlConnection connection4 = new SqlConnection(
              GetSqlConnectionString());
        connection4.Open();
        Console.WriteLine("Opened the 4th Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        connection1.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 1st Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        connection2.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 2nd Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        connection3.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 3rd Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();

        connection4.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Closed the 4th Connection:");
        WritePerformanceCounters();
    }

    private enum ADO_Net_Performance_Counters
    {
        NumberOfActiveConnectionPools,
        NumberOfReclaimedConnections,
        HardConnectsPerSecond,
        HardDisconnectsPerSecond,
        NumberOfActiveConnectionPoolGroups,
        NumberOfInactiveConnectionPoolGroups,
        NumberOfInactiveConnectionPools,
        NumberOfNonPooledConnections,
        NumberOfPooledConnections,
        NumberOfStasisConnections
        // The following performance counters are more expensive to track.
        // Enable ConnectionPoolPerformanceCounterDetail in your config file.
        //     SoftConnectsPerSecond
        //     SoftDisconnectsPerSecond
        //     NumberOfActiveConnections
        //     NumberOfFreeConnections
    }

    private void SetUpPerformanceCounters()
    {
        connection.Close();
        this.PerfCounters = new PerformanceCounter[10];
        string instanceName = GetInstanceName();
        Type apc = typeof(ADO_Net_Performance_Counters);
        int i = 0;
        foreach (string s in Enum.GetNames(apc))
        {
            this.PerfCounters[i] = new PerformanceCounter();
            this.PerfCounters[i].CategoryName = ".NET Data Provider for SqlServer";
            this.PerfCounters[i].CounterName = s;
            this.PerfCounters[i].InstanceName = instanceName;
            i++;
        }
    }

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern int GetCurrentProcessId();

    private string GetInstanceName()
    {
        //This works for Winforms apps.
        string instanceName =
            System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetName().Name;

        // Must replace special characters like (, ), #, /, \\
        string instanceName2 =
            AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName.ToString().Replace('(', '[')
            .Replace(')', ']').Replace('#', '_').Replace('/', '_').Replace('\\', '_');

        // For ASP.NET applications your instanceName will be your CurrentDomain's
        // FriendlyName. Replace the line above that sets the instanceName with this:
        // instanceName = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName.ToString().Replace('(','[')
        // .Replace(')',']').Replace('#','_').Replace('/','_').Replace('\\','_');

        string pid = GetCurrentProcessId().ToString();
        instanceName = instanceName + "[" + pid + "]";
        Console.WriteLine("Instance Name: {0}", instanceName);
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------");
        return instanceName;
    }

    private void WritePerformanceCounters()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------");
        foreach (PerformanceCounter p in this.PerfCounters)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", p.CounterName, p.NextValue());
        }
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------");
    }
}

另請參閱

• 連線到資料來源
• OLE DB、ODBC 和 Oracle 連接共用
• ASP.NET 的效能計數器
• 執行階段分析
• 監視效能閾值的簡介
• ADO.NET 概觀 \(部分機器翻譯\)