Microsoft Graph PowerShell 群組型授權範例

文章
07/06/2024

Microsoft Entra ID 中的群組型授權 (Microsoft Entra 的一部分) 可透過 Azure 入口網站取得。有一些實用的工作可以使用 Microsoft Graph PowerShell Cmdlet 來執行。

在本文中，我們會使用 Microsoft Graph PowerShell 來探討一些範例。

注意

自 2024 年 3 月 30 日起，Azure AD 和 MSOnline PowerShell 模組已被淘汰。若要深入了解，請閱讀淘汰更新。在此日期之後，對這些模組的支援僅限於對 Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK 的移轉協助和安全性修正。淘汰的模組將繼續運作至 2025 年 3 月 30 日。

我們建議移轉至 Microsoft Graph PowerShell 以與 Microsoft Entra ID (以前稱為 Azure AD) 互動。如需了解常見的移轉問題，請參閱移轉常見問題。 注意：MSOnline 1.0.x 版可能會在 2024 年 6 月 30 日之後發生中斷。

警告

這些範例僅供示範用途。建議您先在較小型規模或個別的測試環境中進行測試後，才在生產環境中依賴這些範例。您可能也需要修改範例，以符合特定環境的需求。

在開始執行 Cmdlet 之前，請先確定您已藉由執行 Connect-MgGraph cmdlet- 來連線到組織。

指派授權至群組

群組型授權提供方便的方式來管理授權指派。您可以將一或多個產品授權指派給群組，並將這些授權指派給群組的所有成員。

# Import the Microsoft.Graph.Groups module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Groups
$groupId = "911f05cf-f635-440c-b888-e54c73e0ef1a"

# Create a hashtable to store the parameters for the Set-MgGroupLicense cmdlet
$params = @{
    AddLicenses = @(
        @{
            # Remove the DisabledPlans key as we don't need to disable any service plans
            # Specify the SkuId of the license you want to assign
            SkuId = "c42b9cae-ea4f-4ab7-9717-81576235ccac"
        }
    )
    # Keep the RemoveLicenses key empty as we don't need to remove any licenses
    RemoveLicenses = @(
    )
}

# Call the Set-MgGroupLicense cmdlet to update the licenses for the specified group
# Replace $groupId with the actual group ID
Set-MgGroupLicense -GroupId $groupId -BodyParameter $params

檢視指派給群組的產品授權

Get-MgGroup -GroupId 99c4216a-56de-42c4-a4ac-1111cd8c7c41 -Property "AssignedLicenses" | Select-Object -ExpandProperty AssignedLicenses

檢視指派給群組的所有已停用服務方案授權

Get-MgGroup -GroupId 1ad75eeb-7e5a-4367-a493-9214d90d54d0 -Property "AssignedLicenses" | 
    Select-Object -ExpandProperty AssignedLicenses |
    ForEach-Object {
        $_ | Select-Object SkuId, DisabledPlans
    }

取得具有授權的所有群組

# Import the Microsoft.Graph.Groups module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Groups
# Get all groups and licenses
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All
$groupsWithLicenses = @()
# Loop through each group and check if it has any licenses assigned
foreach ($group in $groups) {
    $licenses = Get-MgGroup -GroupId $group.Id -Property "AssignedLicenses, Id, DisplayName" | Select-Object AssignedLicenses, DisplayName, Id
    if ($licenses.AssignedLicenses) {
        $groupData = [PSCustomObject]@{
            ObjectId = $group.Id
            DisplayName = $group.DisplayName
            Licenses = $licenses.AssignedLicenses
        }
        $groupsWithLicenses += $groupData
    }
}

取得具有授權之群組的統計資料

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All", "Directory.Read.All", "Group.ReadWrite.All"
#get all groups with licenses
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseProcessingState | Select-Object DisplayName, State, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.State -eq "ProcessingComplete"}
$groupInfoArray = @()
# Filter the groups to only include those that have licenses assigned
$groups = $groups | Where-Object {$_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null}
# For each group, get the group name, license types, total user count, licensed user count, and license error count
foreach ($group in $groups) {
    $groupInfo = New-Object PSObject
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Group Name" -Value $group.DisplayName
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Group ID" -Value $group.Id
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "License Types" -Value ($group.AssignedLicenses | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SkuId)
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Total User Count" -Value (Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All | Measure-Object).Count
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Licensed User Count" -Value (Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All | Where-Object {$_.      LicenseProcessingState -eq "ProcessingComplete"} | Measure-Object).Count
    $groupInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "License Error Count" -Value (Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All | Where-Object {$_.LicenseProcessingState -eq "ProcessingFailed"} | Measure-Object).Count
    $groupInfoArray += $groupInfo
}

# Format the output and print it to the console
$groupInfoArray | Format-Table -AutoSize

取得具有授權錯誤的所有群組

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Group.Read.All"
# Get all groups in the tenant with license assigned and with errors
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseProcessingState | Select-Object DisplayName, State, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.State -eq "ProcessingFailed" -and $_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null }
# Display the results and format output
$groups | Format-Table -AutoSize

取得群組中具有授權錯誤的所有使用者

若群組中包含某些授權相關錯誤，您現在可以列出這些錯誤所影響到的使用者。使用者也可能有來自其他群組的錯誤。不過，此範例所列出的結果僅限於與有問題之群組有關的錯誤，其方法是對使用者每個 IndirectLicenseError 項目的 ReferencedObjectId 屬性進行檢查。

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Group.Read.All", "User.Read.All"
# Get all groups in the tenant with license assigned
$groups = Get-MgGroup -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null }
#output array
$groupInfoArray = @()
# Get All Members from the groups and check their license status
foreach($group in $groups) {
    $groupMembers = Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All -Property LicenseProcessingState, DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object  displayname, Id, LicenseProcessingState, AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseProcessingState | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, AssignedLicenses | Where-Object {$_.AssignedLicenses -ne $null }
    foreach($member in $groupMembers) {
        Write-Host "Member $($member.DisplayName)"
        if($member.LicenseProcessingState -eq "ProcessingFailed") {
            $group | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "License Error" -Value $member.DisplayName
            $groupInfoArray += $group
        }
    }
}

# Format the output and print it to the console

if ($groupInfoArray.Length -gt 0) {
    $groupInfoArray | Format-Table -AutoSize
}
else {
    Write-Host "No License Errors"
}

取得整個組織中具有授權錯誤的所有使用者

下列指令碼可用來取得具有一或多個群組之授權錯誤的所有使用者。此指令碼會將每位使用者的每個授權錯誤各列印在一個資料列中，以方便您清楚識別每個錯誤的來源。

# Import User Graph Module
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users
# Authenticate to MS Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All"
# Get All Users From the Tenant with licenses assigned
$users = Get-MgUser -All -Property AssignedLicenses, LicenseAssignmentStates, DisplayName | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseAssignmentStates | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedByGroup, State, Error, SkuId
#count the number of users found with errors
$count = 0
# Loop through each user and check the Error property for None value
foreach($user in $users) {
    if($user.Error -ne "None") {
        $count += 1
        Write-Host "User $($user.DisplayName) has a license error"
    }
}
if ($count -le 0) {
 write-host "No user found with license errors"
}

檢查使用者的授權是透過直接指派還是群組繼承而得到

# Connect to Microsoft Graph using Connect-MgGraph
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All", "Group.Read.All"

# Get all users using Get-MgUser with a filter
$users = Get-MgUser -All -Property AssignedLicenses, LicenseAssignmentStates, DisplayName | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseAssignmentStates | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedByGroup, State, Error, SkuId

$output = @()


# Loop through all users and get the AssignedByGroup Details which will list the groupId
foreach ($user in $users) {
    # Get the group ID if AssignedByGroup is not empty
    if ($user.AssignedByGroup -ne $null)
    {
        $groupId = $user.AssignedByGroup
        $groupName = Get-MgGroup -GroupId $groupId | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DisplayName  
        Write-Host "$($user.DisplayName) is assigned by group - $($groupName)" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ForegroundColor Yellow
        $result = [pscustomobject]@{
            User=$user.DisplayName
            AssignedByGroup=$true
            GroupName=$groupName
            GroupId=$groupId
        }
        $output += $result
    }

    else {
    $result = [pscustomobject]@{
            User=$user.DisplayName
            AssignedByGroup=$false
            GroupName="NA"
            GroupId="NA"
        }
        $output += $result
        Write-Host "$($user.DisplayName) is Not assigned by group" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ForegroundColor Cyan
    }
        
    
}

# Display the result
$output | ft

移除具有群組授權之使用者的直接授權

此指令碼的目的，是要為已從群組繼承了相同授權的使用者，移除不必要的直接授權；例如，在轉換為群組型授權的過程中進行此操作。

注意

為了確保使用者不會失去服務和資料的存取權，請務必確認直接指派的授權不會提供比繼承授權更多的服務功能。目前無法使用 PowerShell 來判斷哪些服務是透過繼承的授權與直接授權來啟用。因此，指令碼會使用已知繼承自群組的最低服務層級，來檢查並確保使用者不會發生非預期的服務遺失。

變數

$groupLicenses：代表指派給群組的授權。
$groupMembers：包含群組的成員。
$userLicenses：保留直接指派給使用者的授權。
$licensesToRemove：儲存需要從使用者移除的授權。

# Import the Microsoft.Graph.Users and Microsoft.Graph.Groups modules
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users -Force
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Authentication -Force
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Users.Actions -Force
Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Groups -Force

Clear-Host

# Connect to Microsoft Graph if not already connected
if ($null -eq (Get-MgContext)) {
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Directory.Read.All, User.Read.All, Group.Read.All, Organization.Read.All" -NoWelcome
}

# Get all groups with licenses assigned
$groupsWithLicenses = Get-MgGroup -All -Property AssignedLicenses, DisplayName, Id | Where-Object { $_.assignedlicenses } | Select-Object DisplayName, Id -ExpandProperty AssignedLicenses | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, SkuId

$output = @()

# Check if there are any groups with licenses assigned
if ($null -ne groupsWithLicenses) { foreach (group in $groupsWithLicenses) {

# Get the group's licenses
$groupLicenses = $group.SkuId

# Get the group's members
    $groupMembers = Get-MgGroupMember -GroupId $group.Id -All

    if ($groupMembers) {
        foreach ($member in $groupMembers) {
            # Check if the member is a user
            if ($member.AdditionalProperties.'@odata.type' -eq '#microsoft.graph.user') {
                Write-Host "Fetching license details for $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" -ForegroundColor Yellow
                
                # Get User With Directly Assigned Licenses Only
                $user = Get-MgUser -UserId $member.Id -Property AssignedLicenses, LicenseAssignmentStates, DisplayName | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedLicenses -ExpandProperty LicenseAssignmentStates | Select-Object DisplayName, AssignedByGroup, State, Error, SkuId | Where-Object { $_.AssignedByGroup -eq $null }

                $licensesToRemove = @()
                if ($user) {
                    if ($user.count -ge 2) {
                        foreach ($u in $user) {
                            $userLicenses = $u.SkuId
                            $licensesToRemove += $userLicenses | Where-Object { $_ -in $groupLicenses }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Host "No conflicting licenses found for the user $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" -ForegroundColor Green
                    }
                    
                    # Remove the licenses from the user
                    if ($licensesToRemove) {
                        Write-Host "Removing the license $($licensesToRemove) from user $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName) as inherited from group $($group.DisplayName)" -ForegroundColor Green
                        $result = Set-MgUserLicense -UserId $member.Id -AddLicenses @() -RemoveLicenses $licensesToRemove
                        $obj = [PSCustomObject]@{
                            User                      = $result.DisplayName
                            Id                        = $result.Id
                            LicensesRemoved           = $licensesToRemove
                            LicenseInheritedFromGroup = $group.DisplayName
                            GroupId                   = $group.Id
                        }

                        $output += $obj

                    } 
                    else {
                        Write-Host "No action required for $($member.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" -ForegroundColor Green
                        }
        
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Host "The licensed group $($group.DisplayName) has no members, exiting now!!" -ForegroundColor Yellow
        }   
        
    }
    
    $output | Format-Table -AutoSize
}
else {
    Write-Host "No groups found with licenses assigned." -ForegroundColor Cyan
}

下一步

若要深入了解透過群組管理授權的功能集，請參閱下列文章：

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