在 Power BI 視覺效果中醒目提示資料點
本文說明如何醒目提示 Power BI 視覺效果上的資料。
根據預設,每當選取元素時,dataView
物件中的 values
陣列都會篩選為只顯示選取的值。 篩選 values
陣列時,頁面上所有其他視覺效果只會顯示選取的資料。
如果您將 capabilities.json
檔案中的 supportsHighlight
屬性設定為 true
,則會導致未篩選的完整 values
陣列以及 highlights
陣列。 highlights
陣列與值陣列的長度相同,且任何未選取的值都會設定為 null
。 啟用此屬性後,視覺效果中的適當資料會藉由比較 values
陣列與 highlights
數位來醒目提示。
在此範例中,請注意:
- 若無醒目提示支援,則選取項目是
values
陣列中唯一的值,也是資料檢視中顯示的唯一長條。 - 如有醒目提示支援,所有值都在
values
陣列中。highlights
陣列包含非醒目提示元素的null
值。 所有長條都會出現在資料檢視中,醒目提示的長條是不同的色彩。
也可以有多個選取項目和部分醒目提示。 醒目提示的值會呈現在資料檢視中。
注意
資料表資料檢視對應不支援醒目提示功能。
使用類別資料檢視對應來醒目提示資料點
對於具有類別資料檢視對應的視覺效果,請將 "supportsHighlight": true
新增至 capabilities.json
檔案。 例如:
{
"dataRoles": [
{
"displayName": "Category",
"name": "category",
"kind": "Grouping"
},
{
"displayName": "Value",
"name": "value",
"kind": "Measure"
}
],
"dataViewMappings": [
{
"categorical": {
"categories": {
"for": {
"in": "category"
}
},
"values": {
"for": {
"in": "value"
}
}
}
}
],
"supportsHighlight": true
}
移除不必要的程式碼之後,預設視覺效果原始程式碼看如下列範例所示:
"use strict";
// ... default imports list
import { FormattingSettingsService } from "powerbi-visuals-utils-formattingmodel";
import DataViewCategorical = powerbi.DataViewCategorical;
import DataViewCategoryColumn = powerbi.DataViewCategoryColumn;
import PrimitiveValue = powerbi.PrimitiveValue;
import DataViewValueColumn = powerbi.DataViewValueColumn;
import { VisualFormattingSettingsModel } from "./settings";
export class Visual implements IVisual {
private target: HTMLElement;
private formattingSettings: VisualFormattingSettingsModel;
private formattingSettingsService: FormattingSettingsService;
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
console.log('Visual constructor', options);
this.formattingSettingsService = new FormattingSettingsService();
this.target = options.element;
this.host = options.host;
}
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
}
// Returns properties pane formatting model content hierarchies, properties and latest formatting values, Then populate properties pane.
// This method is called once every time we open properties pane or when the user edit any format property.
public getFormattingModel(): powerbi.visuals.FormattingModel {
return this.formattingSettingsService.buildFormattingModel(this.formattingSettings);
}
}
匯入必要的介面,以處理來自 Power BI 的資料:
import DataViewCategorical = powerbi.DataViewCategorical;
import DataViewCategoryColumn = powerbi.DataViewCategoryColumn;
import PrimitiveValue = powerbi.PrimitiveValue;
import DataViewValueColumn = powerbi.DataViewValueColumn;
建立類別值的根 div
元素:
export class Visual implements IVisual {
private target: HTMLElement;
private formattingSettings: VisualFormattingSettingsModel;
private formattingSettingsService: FormattingSettingsService;
private div: HTMLDivElement; // new property
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
console.log('Visual constructor', options);
this.formattingSettingsService = new FormattingSettingsService();
this.target = options.element;
this.host = options.host;
// create div element
this.div = document.createElement("div");
this.div.classList.add("vertical");
this.target.appendChild(this.div);
}
// ...
}
在轉譯新資料之前,請先清除 div 元素的內容:
// ...
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
while (this.div.firstChild) {
this.div.removeChild(this.div.firstChild);
}
// ...
}
從 dataView
物件取得類別和量值:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
while (this.div.firstChild) {
this.div.removeChild(this.div.firstChild);
}
const dataView: DataView = options.dataViews[0];
const categoricalDataView: DataViewCategorical = dataView.categorical;
const categories: DataViewCategoryColumn = categoricalDataView.categories[0];
const categoryValues = categories.values;
const measures: DataViewValueColumn = categoricalDataView.values[0];
const measureValues = measures.values;
const measureHighlights = measures.highlights;
// ...
}
其中 categoryValues
是類別值的陣列,measureValues
是量值的陣列,而 measureHighlights
則是值的醒目提示部分。
注意
如果 measureHighlights
屬性值小於 categoryValues
屬性值,則會部分醒目提示此值。
列舉 categoryValues
陣列,並取得對應的值和醒目提示:
// ...
const measureHighlights = measures.highlights;
categoryValues.forEach((category: PrimitiveValue, index: number) => {
const measureValue = measureValues[index];
const measureHighlight = measureHighlights && measureHighlights[index] ? measureHighlights[index] : null;
console.log(category, measureValue, measureHighlight);
});
建立 div
和 p
元素,以顯示視覺效果 DOM 中的資料檢視值並將其視覺化:
categoryValues.forEach((category: PrimitiveValue, index: number) => {
const measureValue = measureValues[index];
const measureHighlight = measureHighlights && measureHighlights[index] ? measureHighlights[index] : null;
console.log(category, measureValue, measureHighlight);
// div element. it contains elements to display values and visualize value as progress bar
let div = document.createElement("div");
div.classList.add("horizontal");
this.div.appendChild(div);
// div element to visualize value of measure
let barValue = document.createElement("div");
barValue.style.width = +measureValue * 10 + "px";
barValue.style.display = "flex";
barValue.classList.add("value");
// element to display category value
let bp = document.createElement("p");
bp.innerText = category.toString();
// div element to visualize highlight of measure
let barHighlight = document.createElement("div");
barHighlight.classList.add("highlight")
barHighlight.style.backgroundColor = "blue";
barHighlight.style.width = +measureHighlight * 10 + "px";
// element to display highlighted value of measure
let p = document.createElement("p");
p.innerText = `${measureHighlight}/${measureValue}`;
barHighlight.appendChild(bp);
div.appendChild(barValue);
barValue.appendChild(barHighlight);
div.appendChild(p);
});
套用元素所需的樣式,以使用 flexbox
並定義 div 元素的色彩:
div.vertical {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
div.horizontal {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
div.highlight {
background-color: blue
}
div.value {
background-color: red;
display: flex;
}
視覺效果的下列檢視是結果:
使用矩陣資料檢視對應來醒目提示資料點
對於具有矩陣資料檢視對應的視覺效果,請將 "supportsHighlight": true
新增至 capabilities.json
檔案。 例如:
{
"dataRoles": [
{
"displayName": "Columns",
"name": "columns",
"kind": "Grouping"
},
{
"displayName": "Rows",
"name": "rows",
"kind": "Grouping"
},
{
"displayName": "Value",
"name": "value",
"kind": "Measure"
}
],
"dataViewMappings": [
{
"matrix": {
"columns": {
"for": {
"in": "columns"
}
},
"rows": {
"for": {
"in": "rows"
}
},
"values": {
"for": {
"in": "value"
}
}
}
}
],
"supportsHighlight": true
}
用於對矩陣資料檢視對應建立階層的範例資料:
Row1 | Row2 | Row3 | 資料行1 | 資料行2 | 資料行3 | 值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R11 | R111 | C1 | C11 | C111 | 1 |
R1 | R11 | R112 | C1 | C11 | C112 | 2 |
R1 | R11 | R113 | C1 | C11 | C113 | 3 |
R1 | R12 | R121 | C1 | C12 | C121 | 4 |
R1 | R12 | R122 | C1 | C12 | C122 | 5 |
R1 | R12 | R123 | C1 | C12 | C123 | 6 |
R1 | R13 | R131 | C1 | C13 | C131 | 7 |
R1 | R13 | R132 | C1 | C13 | C132 | 8 |
R1 | R13 | R133 | C1 | C13 | C133 | 9 |
R2 | R21 | R211 | C2 | C21 | C211 | 10 |
R2 | R21 | R212 | C2 | C21 | C212 | 11 |
R2 | R21 | R213 | C2 | C21 | C213 | 12 |
R2 | R22 | R221 | C2 | C22 | C221 | 13 |
R2 | R22 | R222 | C2 | C22 | C222 | 14 |
R2 | R22 | R223 | C2 | C22 | C223 | 16 |
R2 | R23 | R231 | C2 | C23 | C231 | 17 |
R2 | R23 | R232 | C2 | C23 | C232 | 18 |
R2 | R23 | R233 | C2 | C23 | C233 | 19 |
建立預設的視覺效果專案,並套用 capabilities.json
檔案的範例。
移除不必要的程式碼之後,預設視覺效果原始程式碼看如下列範例所示:
"use strict";
// ... default imports
import { FormattingSettingsService } from "powerbi-visuals-utils-formattingmodel";
import { VisualFormattingSettingsModel } from "./settings";
export class Visual implements IVisual {
private target: HTMLElement;
private formattingSettings: VisualFormattingSettingsModel;
private formattingSettingsService: FormattingSettingsService;
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
console.log('Visual constructor', options);
this.formattingSettingsService = new FormattingSettingsService();
this.target = options.element;
this.host = options.host;
}
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
}
/**
* Returns properties pane formatting model content hierarchies, properties and latest formatting values, Then populate properties pane.
* This method is called once every time we open properties pane or when the user edit any format property.
*/
public getFormattingModel(): powerbi.visuals.FormattingModel {
return this.formattingSettingsService.buildFormattingModel(this.formattingSettings);
}
}
匯入必要的介面,以處理來自 Power BI 的資料:
import DataViewMatrix = powerbi.DataViewMatrix;
import DataViewMatrixNode = powerbi.DataViewMatrixNode;
import DataViewHierarchyLevel = powerbi.DataViewHierarchyLevel;
建立兩個用於視覺效果配置的 div
元素:
constructor(options: VisualConstructorOptions) {
// ...
this.rowsDiv = document.createElement("div");
this.target.appendChild(this.rowsDiv);
this.colsDiv = document.createElement("div");
this.target.appendChild(this.colsDiv);
this.target.style.overflowY = "auto";
}
檢查 update
方法中的資料,以確保視覺效果會取得資料:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
this.formattingSettings = this.formattingSettingsService.populateFormattingSettingsModel(VisualFormattingSettingsModel, options.dataViews);
console.log('Visual update', options);
const dataView: DataView = options.dataViews[0];
const matrixDataView: DataViewMatrix = dataView.matrix;
if (!matrixDataView ||
!matrixDataView.columns ||
!matrixDataView.rows ) {
return
}
// ...
}
在轉譯新資料之前,請先清除 div
元素的內容:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
// remove old elements
// to better performance use D3js pattern:
// https://d3js.org/#enter-exit
while (this.rowsDiv.firstChild) {
this.rowsDiv.removeChild(this.rowsDiv.firstChild);
}
const prow = document.createElement("p");
prow.innerText = "Rows";
this.rowsDiv.appendChild(prow);
while (this.colsDiv.firstChild) {
this.colsDiv.removeChild(this.colsDiv.firstChild);
}
const pcol = document.createElement("p");
pcol.innerText = "Columns";
this.colsDiv.appendChild(pcol);
// ...
}
建立 treeWalker
函式以周遊矩陣資料結構:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
}
// ...
}
其中 matrixNode
是目前的節點,levels
是此階層層級的中繼資料行,div
是子 HTML 元素的父元素。
treeWalker
是遞迴函式,需要建立 div
元素和 p
作為標頭的文字,並為節點的子項目呼叫此函式:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
// ...
if (matrixNode.children) {
const childDiv = document.createElement("div");
childDiv.classList.add("vertical");
div.appendChild(childDiv);
const p = document.createElement("p");
const level = levels[matrixNode.level]; // get current level column metadata from current node
p.innerText = level.sources[level.sources.length - 1].displayName; // get column name from metadata
childDiv.appendChild(p); // add paragraph element to div element
matrixNode.children.forEach((node, index) => treeWalker(node, levels, childDiv, ++levelIndex));
}
}
// ...
}
針對矩陣資料檢視結構的資料行和資料列根元素呼叫此函式:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
// ...
}
// ...
// remove old elements
// ...
// ...
const rowRoot: DataViewMatrixNode = matrixDataView.rows.root;
rowRoot.children.forEach((node) => treeWalker(node, matrixDataView.rows.levels, this.rowsDiv));
const colRoot = matrixDataView.columns.root;
colRoot.children.forEach((node) => treeWalker(node, matrixDataView.columns.levels, this.colsDiv));
}
為節點產生 selectionID,並建立按鈕以顯示節點:
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
const selectionID: ISelectionID = this.host.createSelectionIdBuilder()
.withMatrixNode(matrixNode, levels)
.createSelectionId();
let nodeBlock = document.createElement("button");
nodeBlock.innerText = matrixNode.value.toString();
nodeBlock.addEventListener("click", (event) => {
// call select method in the selection manager
this.selectionManager.select(selectionID);
});
nodeBlock.addEventListener("contextmenu", (event) => {
// call showContextMenu method to display context menu on the visual
this.selectionManager.showContextMenu(selectionID, {
x: event.clientX,
y: event.clientY
});
event.preventDefault();
});
// ...
}
// ...
}
醒目提示的主要步驟是建立另一個值陣列。
終端節點的物件有兩個適用於值陣列、值和醒目提示的屬性:
JSON.stringify(options.dataViews[0].matrix.rows.root.children[0].children[0].children[0], null, " ");
{
"level": 2,
"levelValues": [
{
"value": "R233",
"levelSourceIndex": 0
}
],
"value": "R233",
"identity": {
"identityIndex": 2
},
"values": {
"0": {
"value": null,
"highlight": null
},
"1": {
"value": 19,
"highlight": 19
}
}
}
其中 value
代表節點的值,且不套用來自其他視覺效果的選取項目,highlight
會指出資料的哪個部分已醒目提示。
注意
如果 highlight
的值小於 value
的值,則會部分醒目提示 value
。
新增程式碼以處理節點的 values
陣列 (如果有的話):
public update(options: VisualUpdateOptions) {
// ...
const treeWalker = (matrixNode: DataViewMatrixNode, index: number, levels: DataViewHierarchyLevel[], div: HTMLDivElement) => {
// ...
if (matrixNode.values) {
const sumOfValues = Object.keys(matrixNode.values) // get key property of object (value are 0 to N)
.map(key => +matrixNode.values[key].value) // convert key property to number
.reduce((prev, curr) => prev + curr) // sum of values
let sumOfHighlights = sumOfValues;
sumOfHighlights = Object.keys(matrixNode.values) // get key property of object (value are 0 to N)
.map(key => matrixNode.values[key].highlight ? +matrixNode.values[key].highlight : null ) // convert key property to number if it exists
.reduce((prev, curr) => curr ? prev + curr : null) // convert key property to number
// create div container for value and highlighted value
const vals = document.createElement("div");
vals.classList.add("vertical")
vals.classList.replace("vertical", "horizontal");
// create paragraph element for label
const highlighted = document.createElement("p");
// Display complete value and highlighted value
highlighted.innerText = `${sumOfHighlights}/${sumOfValues}`;
// create div container for value
const valueDiv = document.createElement("div");
valueDiv.style.width = sumOfValues * 10 + "px";
valueDiv.classList.add("value");
// create div container for highlighted values
const highlightsDiv = document.createElement("div");
highlightsDiv.style.width = sumOfHighlights * 10 + "px";
highlightsDiv.classList.add("highlight");
valueDiv.appendChild(highlightsDiv);
// append button and paragraph to div containers to parent div
vals.appendChild(nodeBlock);
vals.appendChild(valueDiv);
vals.appendChild(highlighted);
div.appendChild(vals);
} else {
div.appendChild(nodeBlock);
}
if (matrixNode.children) {
// ...
}
}
// ...
}
結果是含有按鈕和值的視覺效果,例如 highlighted value/default value
。