程式碼範例移轉至 ASP.NET Core 6.0 中新的最小裝載模型

本文提供移轉至 ASP.NET Core 6.0 的程式碼範例。 ASP.NET Core 6.0 會使用新的最小裝載模型。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱新裝載模型。

中介軟體

下列程式碼會將靜態檔案中介軟體新增至 ASP.NET Core 5 應用程式：

public class Startup
{
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
        app.UseStaticFiles();
    }
}

下列程式碼會將靜態檔案中介軟體新增至 ASP.NET Core 6 應用程式：

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

app.UseStaticFiles();

app.Run();

WebApplication.CreateBuilder 會初始化具有預先設定之預設值的之 WebApplicationBuilder 類別的新執行個體。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 ASP.NET Core 中介軟體

路由

下列程式碼會將端點新增至 ASP.NET Core 5 應用程式：

public class Startup
{
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
        app.UseRouting();
        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World");
        });
    }
}

在 .NET 6 中，路由可以直接新增至 WebApplication，而不需要明確呼叫 UseEndpoints 或 UseRouting 。 下列程式碼會將端點新增至 ASP.NET Core 6 應用程式：

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");

app.Run();

注意：路由直接新增至管線尾端的 WebApplication 執行。

變更內容根、應用程式名稱和環境

ASP.NET Core 5

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
        .UseEnvironment(Environments.Staging)
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
        {
            webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>()
                      .UseSetting(WebHostDefaults.ApplicationKey,
                                  typeof(Program).Assembly.FullName);
        });

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(new WebApplicationOptions
{
    Args = args,
    ApplicationName = typeof(Program).Assembly.FullName,
    ContentRootPath = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(),
    EnvironmentName = Environments.Staging,
    WebRootPath = "customwwwroot"
});

Console.WriteLine($"Application Name: {builder.Environment.ApplicationName}");
Console.WriteLine($"Environment Name: {builder.Environment.EnvironmentName}");
Console.WriteLine($"ContentRoot Path: {builder.Environment.ContentRootPath}");
Console.WriteLine($"WebRootPath: {builder.Environment.WebRootPath}");

var app = builder.Build();

如需詳細資訊，請參閱 ASP.NET Core 基礎知識概觀

使用環境變數或命令列來變更內容根目錄、應用程式名稱和環境

下表顯示用來變更內容根目錄、應用程式名稱和環境的環境變數和命令列引數：

功能	環境變數	命令列引數
應用程式名稱	ASPNETCORE_APPLICATIONNAME	--applicationName
環境名稱	ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT	--environment
內容根目錄	ASPNETCORE_CONTENTROOT	--contentRoot

新增組態提供者

ASP.NET Core 5

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureAppConfiguration(config =>
        {
            config.AddIniFile("appsettings.ini");
        })
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
        {
            webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
        });

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Configuration.AddIniFile("appsettings.ini");

var app = builder.Build();

如需詳細資訊，請參閱 ASP.NET Core 中的設定中的檔案設定提供者。

新增記錄提供者

ASP.NET Core 5

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureLogging(logging =>
        {
            logging.AddJsonConsole();
        })
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
        {
            webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
        });

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Configure JSON logging to the console.
builder.Logging.AddJsonConsole();

var app = builder.Build();

如需詳細資料，請參閱 .NET Core 與 ASP.NET Core 中的記錄。

新增服務

ASP.NET Core 5

public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        // Add the memory cache services
        services.AddMemoryCache();

        // Add a custom scoped service
        services.AddScoped<ITodoRepository, TodoRepository>();
    }
}

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add the memory cache services.
builder.Services.AddMemoryCache();

// Add a custom scoped service.
builder.Services.AddScoped<ITodoRepository, TodoRepository>();
var app = builder.Build();

如需詳細資訊，請參閱在 ASP.NET Core 中插入相依性。

自訂 IHostBuilder 或 IWebHostBuilder

自訂 IHostBuilder

ASP.NET Core 5

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureHostOptions(o => o.ShutdownTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
        {
            webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
        });

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Wait 30 seconds for graceful shutdown.
builder.Host.ConfigureHostOptions(o => o.ShutdownTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));

var app = builder.Build();

自訂 IWebHostBuilder

ASP.NET Core 5

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
        {
            // Change the HTTP server implementation to be HTTP.sys based.
            webBuilder.UseHttpSys()
                      .UseStartup<Startup>();
        });

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Change the HTTP server implementation to be HTTP.sys based.
// Windows only.
builder.WebHost.UseHttpSys();

var app = builder.Build();

變更 Web 根目錄

依預設，Web 根目錄會相對於 wwwroot 資料夾中的內容根目錄。 Web 根目錄是靜態檔案中介軟體尋找靜態檔案的位置。 您可以在 WebApplicationOptions 上設定 WebRootPath 屬性來變更 Web 根：

ASP.NET Core 5

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
        {
            // Look for static files in webroot.
            webBuilder.UseWebRoot("webroot")
                      .UseStartup<Startup>();
        });

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(new WebApplicationOptions
{
    Args = args,
    // Look for static files in webroot
    WebRootPath = "webroot"
});

var app = builder.Build();

自訂相依性插入 (DI) 容器

下列 .NET 5 和 .NET 6 範例使用 Autofac

ASP.NET Core 5

程式類別

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory())
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
        {
            webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
        });

啟動

public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder)
    {
    }
}

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Host.UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory());

// Register services directly with Autofac here. Don't
// call builder.Populate(), that happens in AutofacServiceProviderFactory.
builder.Host.ConfigureContainer<ContainerBuilder>(builder => builder.RegisterModule(new MyApplicationModule()));

var app = builder.Build();

存取其他服務

Startup.Configure 可以插入任何透過 IServiceCollection 新增的服務。

ASP.NET Core 5

public class Startup
{
    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services
    // to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddSingleton<IService, Service>();
    }

    // Anything added to the service collection can be injected into Configure.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app,
                          IWebHostEnvironment env,
                          IHostApplicationLifetime lifetime,
                          IService service,
                          ILogger<Startup> logger)
    {
        lifetime.ApplicationStarted.Register(() =>
            logger.LogInformation(
                "The application {Name} started in the injected {Service}",
                env.ApplicationName, service));
    }
}

ASP.NET Core 6

在 ASP.NET Core 6 中：

• 有一些常見的服務可作為 WebApplication 的最上層屬性。
• 必須透過 WebApplication.Services 從 IServiceProvider 中手動解析其他服務。

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddSingleton<IService, Service>();

var app = builder.Build();

IService service = app.Services.GetRequiredService<IService>();
ILogger logger = app.Logger;
IHostApplicationLifetime lifetime = app.Lifetime;
IWebHostEnvironment env = app.Environment;

lifetime.ApplicationStarted.Register(() =>
    logger.LogInformation(
        $"The application {env.ApplicationName} started" +
        $" with injected {service}"));

使用 WebApplicationFactory 或 TestServer 進行測試

ASP.NET Core 5

在下列範例中，測試專案會使用 TestServer 和 WebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint>。 這些隨附為需要明確參考的個別套件：

WebApplicationFactory

<ItemGroup>
  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing" Version="{Version}" />
</ItemGroup>

TestServer

<ItemGroup>
  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost" Version="{Version}" />
</ItemGroup>

ASP.NET Core 5 程式碼

public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddSingleton<IHelloService, HelloService>();
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IHelloService helloService)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapGet("/", async context =>
            {
                await context.Response.WriteAsync(helloService.HelloMessage);
            });
        });
    }
}

使用 TestServer

[Fact]
public async Task HelloWorld()
{
    using var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder()
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(builder =>
        {
            // Use the test server and point to the application's startup
            builder.UseTestServer()
                    .UseStartup<WebApplication1.Startup>();
        })
        .ConfigureServices(services =>
        {
            // Replace the service
            services.AddSingleton<IHelloService, MockHelloService>();
        })
        .Build();

    await host.StartAsync();

    var client = host.GetTestClient();

    var response = await client.GetStringAsync("/");

    Assert.Equal("Test Hello", response);
}

class MockHelloService : IHelloService
{
    public string HelloMessage => "Test Hello";
}

使用 WebApplicationFactory

[Fact]
public async Task HelloWorld()
{
    var application = new WebApplicationFactory<Program>()
        .WithWebHostBuilder(builder =>
        {
            builder.ConfigureServices(services =>
            {
                services.AddSingleton<IHelloService, MockHelloService>();
            });
        });

    var client = application.CreateClient();

    var response = await client.GetStringAsync("/");

    Assert.Equal("Test Hello", response);
}

class MockHelloService : IHelloService
{
    public string HelloMessage => "Test Hello";
}

ASP.NET Core 6

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IHelloService, HelloService>();

var app = builder.Build();

var helloService = app.Services.GetRequiredService<IHelloService>();

app.MapGet("/", async context =>
{
    await context.Response.WriteAsync(helloService.HelloMessage);
});

app.Run();

專案檔 (.csproj)

專案檔可以包含下列其中一項：

<ItemGroup>
    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="MyTestProject" />
</ItemGroup>

Or

[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("MyTestProject")]

替代解決方案是將 Program 類別設為公用。 Program 可以透過在專案或 Program.cs 中定義 public partial Program 類別，以最上層陳述式公開：

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// ... Configure services, routes, etc.

app.Run();

public partial class Program { }

[Fact]
public async Task HelloWorld()
{
    var application = new WebApplicationFactory<Program>()
        .WithWebHostBuilder(builder =>
        {
            builder.ConfigureServices(services =>
            {
                services.AddSingleton<IHelloService, MockHelloService>();
            });
        });

    var client = application.CreateClient();

    var response = await client.GetStringAsync("/");

    Assert.Equal("Test Hello", response);
}

class MockHelloService : IHelloService
{
    public string HelloMessage => "Test Hello";
}

.NET 5 版本和具有 WebApplicationFactory 的 .NET 6 版本的設計相同。