共用方式為


$year (日期表示式)

適用於: MongoDB 虛擬核心

運算符會將 $year 日期的年份傳回為四位數的數位(例如 2024 年)。 如果日期為 Null 或遺漏, $year 則傳回 null。

語法

$year 運算子的語法如下:

{
  $year: <dateExpression>
}

或使用時區規格:

{
  $year: {
    date: <dateExpression>,
    timezone: <timezoneExpression>
  }
}

參數

說明
dateExpression 解析為 Date、Timestamp 或 ObjectId 的任何運算式。
timezone 選擇性。 要用於計算的時區。 可以是 Olson 時區標識碼(例如“America/New_York”)或 UTC 位移(例如 “+0530” )。

範例

讓我們了解數據集中範例 JSON 的使用 stores 方式。

{
  "_id": "905d1939-e03a-413e-a9c4-221f74055aac",
  "name": "Trey Research | Home Office Depot - Lake Freeda",
  "location": { "lat": -48.9752, "lon": -141.6816 },
  "staff": { "employeeCount": { "fullTime": 12, "partTime": 19 } },
  "sales": {
    "salesByCategory": [ { "categoryName": "Desk Lamps", "totalSales": 37978 } ],
    "revenue": 37978
  },
  "promotionEvents": [
    {
      "eventName": "Crazy Deal Days",
      "promotionalDates": {
        "startDate": { "Year": 2023, "Month": 9, "Day": 27 },
        "endDate": { "Year": 2023, "Month": 10, "Day": 4 }
      },
      "discounts": [
        { "categoryName": "Desks", "discountPercentage": 22 },
        { "categoryName": "Filing Cabinets", "discountPercentage": 23 }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "company": "Trey Research",
  "city": "Lake Freeda",
  "storeOpeningDate": "2024-12-30T22:55:25.779Z",
  "lastUpdated": { "t": 1729983325, "i": 1 }
}

範例 1:從商店開業日期擷取年份

此範例會擷取商店開啟時的年份。

db.stores.aggregate([
  { $match: { "_id": "905d1939-e03a-413e-a9c4-221f74055aac" } },
  {
    $project: {
      name: 1,
      storeOpeningDate: 1,
      openingYear: { $year: { $toDate: "$storeOpeningDate" } }
    }
  }
])

查詢會傳回商店開啟的年份。

{
  "_id": "905d1939-e03a-413e-a9c4-221f74055aac",
  "name": "Trey Research | Home Office Depot - Lake Freeda",
  "storeOpeningDate": "2024-12-30T22:55:25.779Z",
  "openingYear": 2024
}

範例 2:尋找在特定年份開啟的商店

此範例會尋找在特定年份開啟的所有商店。

db.stores.aggregate([
  {
    $match: {
      $expr: {
        $eq: [{ $year: { $toDate: "$storeOpeningDate" } }, 2021]
      }
    }
  },
  {
    $project: {
      name: 1,
      city: 1,
      openingYear: { $year: { $toDate: "$storeOpeningDate" } },
      storeOpeningDate: 1
    }
  }
])

查詢會傳回 2021 年開啟的存放區。

{
  "_id": "2cf3f885-9962-4b67-a172-aa9039e9ae2f",
  "city": "South Amir",
  "storeOpeningDate": "2021-10-03T00:00:00.000Z",
  "name": "First Up Consultants | Bed and Bath Center - South Amir",
  "openingYear": 2021
}