教學:Gmail 電子郵件寄件人操作

在這個教學中,你會為 Lakeflow Designer 建立一個 python-run-function 操作符,透過 Gmail 將 DataFrame 的內容以 CSV 附件形式傳送。 使用此範例學習如何建立基於 YAML 的運算子,執行副作用,例如發送通知或寫入給外部系統。 欲了解更多,請參閱 Lakeflow Designer 中的使用者定義運算子

Requirements

  • 具備建立祕密範圍存取權的 Azure Databricks 工作區。
  • 一個帶有 Google 應用程式密碼 的 Gmail 帳號(啟用多重驗證(MFA)時必須)。
  • Databricks CLI 已安裝在您的本機開發環境中。

步驟一:設定秘密

將你的 Gmail 憑證儲存在 Azure Databricks 的秘密範圍中,讓操作員在執行時能取得。

  1. 使用 Azure Databricks CLI 建立秘密範圍:

    databricks secrets create-scope my_email_scope
    
  2. 將您的 Gmail 應用程式密碼儲存在以下範圍內:

    databricks secrets put-secret my_email_scope gmail_app_password
    

    系統會提示你輸入秘密值。 貼上你的 Gmail 應用程式密碼並儲存。

步驟 2:撰寫函 run()

python-run-function 運算子類型需要具有以下簽名的 run() 函式:

def run(config: Dict[str, Any], inputs: Dict[str, Any], spark) -> Dict[str, Any]:
  • config: 由使用者在 Lakeflow Designer UI 中提供的設定值。
  • inputs: 輸入資料幀以埠名鍵入。
  • spark:目前作用中的 Spark 工作階段。

函式必須回傳一個以輸出埠名稱為鍵的輸出資料幀字典。

在筆記本儲存格中定義並測試這個函式:

from typing import Dict, Any

def run(config: Dict[str, Any], inputs: Dict[str, Any], spark) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    input_df = inputs["data"]

    # Skip side effects during Designer preview
    if config.get("is_preview", False):
        return {"data": input_df}

    import smtplib
    import os
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
    from email import encoders

    sender_email = config.get("sender_email", "")
    secret_scope = config.get("secret_scope", "")
    secret_key = config.get("secret_key", "")
    recipients_raw = config.get("recipients", "")
    subject = config.get("subject", "")
    body = config.get("body", "")

    if not sender_email:
        raise ValueError("Sender Email is required.")
    if not secret_scope or not secret_key:
        raise ValueError("Secret Scope and Secret Key are required.")
    if not recipients_raw:
        raise ValueError("At least one recipient is required.")

    recipients = [r.strip() for r in recipients_raw.split(",") if r.strip()]
    if not recipients:
        raise ValueError("At least one valid recipient email is required.")

    # Retrieve password from Databricks secrets
    from pyspark.dbutils import DBUtils
    dbutils = DBUtils(spark)
    sender_password = dbutils.secrets.get(scope=secret_scope, key=secret_key)

    # Convert DataFrame to CSV
    pdf = input_df.toPandas()
    file_path = "/tmp/designer_email_attachment.csv"
    pdf.to_csv(file_path, index=False)

    # Send email to each recipient
    for recipient in recipients:
        msg = MIMEMultipart()
        msg["From"] = sender_email
        msg["To"] = recipient
        msg["Subject"] = subject
        msg.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain"))

        with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment:
            part = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")
            part.set_payload(attachment.read())
            encoders.encode_base64(part)
            part.add_header(
                "Content-Disposition",
                f"attachment; filename={os.path.basename(file_path)}",
            )
            msg.attach(part)

        with smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.gmail.com", 465) as server:
            server.login(sender_email, sender_password)
            server.send_message(msg)

    # Clean up temp file
    if os.path.exists(file_path):
        os.remove(file_path)

    return {"data": input_df}

步驟三:測試功能

用範例資料框測試函數:

test_df = spark.createDataFrame(
    [("Alice", 100), ("Bob", 200)],
    ["name", "amount"]
)

# Test in preview mode (no email sent)
result = run(
    config={
        "is_preview": True,
        "sender_email": "you@gmail.com",
        "secret_scope": "my_email_scope",
        "secret_key": "gmail_app_password",
        "recipients": "alice@example.com",
        "subject": "Test",
        "body": "Test body"
    },
    inputs={"data": test_df},
    spark=spark
)

result["data"].show()
# Expected: the original DataFrame, unchanged

Note

設定裡的 secret_scope and secret_key 值是你在步驟 1 建立的秘密範圍和金鑰 名稱 ,不是實際密碼。 操作員會利用這些名稱在執行時從 Azure Databricks 秘密中取得密碼。

Important

先將 is_preview 設為 True 進行測試,以驗證直通行為,且不會傳送任何電子郵件。 當你準備測試實際郵件時,請設定 is_previewFalse

步驟 4:建立 YAML 定義

建立一個名為 gmail_email_sender.yaml 以下內容的檔案:

schema: user-defined-operator-v0.1.0
id: gmail_email_sender
type: python-run-function
version: '1.0.0'
name: Gmail Email Sender
description: Sends the input DataFrame as a CSV attachment via Gmail SMTP to one or more recipients.

config:
  type: object
  properties:
    is_preview:
      type: boolean
      format: is_preview
      default: false
    sender_email:
      type: string
      title: Sender Email
      default: ''
      examples:
        - 'you@gmail.com'
      x-ui:
        widget: input
    secret_scope:
      type: string
      title: Secret Scope
      default: ''
      examples:
        - 'my_email_scope'
      x-ui:
        widget: input
    secret_key:
      type: string
      title: Secret Key
      default: ''
      examples:
        - 'gmail_app_password'
      x-ui:
        widget: input
    recipients:
      type: string
      title: Recipients
      default: ''
      examples:
        - 'alice@example.com, bob@example.com'
      x-ui:
        widget: textarea
        rows: 2
    subject:
      type: string
      title: Subject
      default: ''
      examples:
        - 'Designer Output Data'
      x-ui:
        widget: input
    body:
      type: string
      title: Email Body
      default: "Hello,\n\nAttached is the latest data.\n\nBest,\nDatabricks Workflow"
      x-ui:
        widget: textarea
        rows: 6
  required:
    - sender_email
    - secret_scope
    - secret_key
    - recipients
    - subject
  additionalProperties: false

ports:
  input:
    - name: data
      title: Input Data
      mime: application/vnd.databricks.dataframe
  output:
    - name: data
      title: Output Data
      mime: application/vnd.databricks.dataframe

run_function:
  type: inline
  code: |
    from typing import Dict, Any

    def run(config: Dict[str, Any], inputs: Dict[str, Any], spark) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        input_df = inputs["data"]

        if config.get("is_preview", False):
            return {"data": input_df}

        import smtplib
        import os
        from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
        from email.mime.text import MIMEText
        from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
        from email import encoders

        sender_email = config.get("sender_email", "")
        secret_scope = config.get("secret_scope", "")
        secret_key = config.get("secret_key", "")
        recipients_raw = config.get("recipients", "")
        subject = config.get("subject", "")
        body = config.get("body", "")

        if not sender_email:
            raise ValueError("Sender Email is required.")
        if not secret_scope or not secret_key:
            raise ValueError("Secret Scope and Secret Key are required.")
        if not recipients_raw:
            raise ValueError("At least one recipient is required.")

        recipients = [r.strip() for r in recipients_raw.split(",") if r.strip()]
        if not recipients:
            raise ValueError("At least one valid recipient email is required.")

        from pyspark.dbutils import DBUtils
        dbutils = DBUtils(spark)
        sender_password = dbutils.secrets.get(scope=secret_scope, key=secret_key)

        pdf = input_df.toPandas()
        file_path = "/tmp/designer_email_attachment.csv"
        pdf.to_csv(file_path, index=False)

        for recipient in recipients:
            msg = MIMEMultipart()
            msg["From"] = sender_email
            msg["To"] = recipient
            msg["Subject"] = subject
            msg.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain"))

            with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment:
                part = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")
                part.set_payload(attachment.read())
                encoders.encode_base64(part)
                part.add_header(
                    "Content-Disposition",
                    f"attachment; filename={os.path.basename(file_path)}",
                )
                msg.attach(part)

            with smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.gmail.com", 465) as server:
                server.login(sender_email, sender_password)
                server.send_message(msg)

        if os.path.exists(file_path):
            os.remove(file_path)

        return {"data": input_df}

步驟五:儲存並註冊操作員

  1. 將 YAML 檔案儲存到你的 Azure Databricks 工作區。 例如:

    /Workspace/Users/<user-name>/gmail_email_sender.yaml
    
  2. 將操作員加入你的 .user_defined_operators.yaml 檔案:

    operators:
      - /Workspace/Users/<user-name>/gmail_email_sender.yaml
    

欲了解更多註冊選項,請參閱 讓您的營運商可被發現

權限

執行包含此運算子的工作流程的使用者需要 READ 存取秘密作用域,或在運算子設定中提供自己的秘密作用域與金鑰值。 使用者也需要在工作區中讀取 YAML 檔案。

若要授予祕密範圍的存取權限:

databricks secrets put-acl my_email_scope <user-or-group> READ

使用Lakeflow Designer中的運算元。

註冊後,操作員會在 Lakeflow Designer 中顯示,並有資料來源的輸入埠,以及寄件人電子郵件、秘密範圍、秘密金鑰、收件人、主旨與正文的設定欄位。

當工作流程執行時,操作員會將輸入的資料框轉換成 CSV,附加到電子郵件,並寄送給每位收件人。 DataFrame 會原封不動地傳遞到輸出埠,因此你可以在下游串接更多運算子。 在工作流程預覽期間,沒有發送任何電子郵件。