HAVING 子句

適用於：核取記號為「是」Databricks SQL 核取記號為「是」Databricks Runtime

根據指定的條件篩選所產生的 GROUP BY 結果。 通常與 GROUP BY 子句搭配使用。

語法

HAVING boolean_expression

參數

  • boolean_expression

    任何。 兩個或多個表達式可以使用 或 AND 之類的OR邏輯運算子結合在一起。

    子句中指定的 HAVING 表示式只能參考：

    若表達式引用的欄位既不屬於 GROUP BY 子句，也未被 aggregate 函數包裹，Azure Databricks 會產生 MISSING_AGGREGATION。

常見錯誤條件

範例

> CREATE TABLE dealer (id INT, city STRING, car_model STRING, quantity INT);
> INSERT INTO dealer VALUES
    (100, 'Fremont' , 'Honda Civic' , 10),
    (100, 'Fremont' , 'Honda Accord', 15),
    (100, 'Fremont' , 'Honda CRV'   , 7),
    (200, 'Dublin'  , 'Honda Civic' , 20),
    (200, 'Dublin'  , 'Honda Accord', 10),
    (200, 'Dublin'  , 'Honda CRV'   , 3),
    (300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Civic' , 5),
    (300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Accord', 8);

-- `HAVING` clause referring to column in `GROUP BY`.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING city = 'Fremont';
  Fremont  32

-- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum(quantity) > 15;
  Dublin  33
 Fremont  32

-- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function by its alias.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum > 15;
  Dublin  33
 Fremont  32

-- `HAVING` clause referring to a different aggregate function than what is present in
-- `SELECT` list.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING max(quantity) > 15;
 Dublin  33

-- `HAVING` clause referring to constant expression.
> SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING 1 > 0 ORDER BY city;
   Dublin  33
  Fremont  32
 San Jose  13

-- `HAVING` clause without a `GROUP BY` clause.
> SELECT sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer HAVING sum(quantity) > 10;
  78

-- Column not wrapped in aggregate function.
> SELECT city, quantity FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum(quantity) > 15;
  Error: MISSING_AGGREGATION
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