此 insert 指令用於將新文件建立成一個集合。 可以一次插入一份文件或多份文件。
語法
插入指令的基本語法如下：
db.collection.insert(
<single document or array of documents>,
{
writeConcern: <document>,
ordered: <boolean>
}
)
參數
| 參數 | Description |
|---|---|
<single document or array of documents> |
要插入到集合中的文件或文件陣列 |
writeConcern |
（可選）一份表達關切的文件。 寫入關切描述了伺服器為寫入操作所請求的確認層級 |
ordered |
（可選）若 true，伺服器會依照所提供順序插入文件。 如果 false，伺服器可以任意順序插入文件，並會嘗試插入所有文件，不論是否有錯誤 |
-
<single document or array of documents>：要插入到集合中的文件或文件陣列。 -
writeConcern：隨意的。 一份表達關切的文件。 寫入關注描述了伺服器對寫入操作所請求的確認層級。 -
ordered：隨意的。 若true，伺服器會依照所提供順序插入文件。 若false，伺服器可任意順序插入文件，並嘗試插入所有文件，不論是否有錯誤。
範例
插入單一文件
以下指令將單一文件插入 StoreData 資料庫中的 stores 集合中。
db.stores.insertOne({
"storeId": "12345",
"name": "Boulder Innovations",
"location": {
"lat": 37.7749,
"lon": -122.4194
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 15,
"partTime": 10
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 500000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 300000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 200000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Summer Sale",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-06-01",
"endDate": "2024-06-30"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 15
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 10
}
]
},
{
"eventName": "Holiday Specials",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-12-01",
"endDate": "2024-12-31"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 20
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 25
}
]
}
]
})
插入多份文件
以下指令將一組文件插入 stores collection 中。
db.stores.insertMany([
{
"storeId": "12346",
"name": "Graphic Design Institute",
"location": {
"lat": 34.0522,
"lon": -118.2437
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 20,
"partTime": 5
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 750000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 400000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 350000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Black Friday",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-11-25",
"endDate": "2024-11-30"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 25
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 30
}
]
}
]
},
{
"storeId": "12347",
"name": "Relecloud",
"location": {
"lat": 40.7128,
"lon": -74.0060
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 10,
"partTime": 20
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 600000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 350000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 250000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "New Year Sale",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-01-01",
"endDate": "2024-01-07"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 10
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 15
}
]
}
]
}
])
指定_id欄位的值
若未指定_id欄位，伺服器會自動產生文件的唯一 ObjectId（） 值。 如果文件指定了_id欄位，則必須是集合中所有文件中全域唯一的值。
若指定_id欄位的重複值，伺服器會拋出重複金鑰違規錯誤。
{
"WriteErrors": [
{
"WriteError": {
"err": {
"index": 0,
"code": 11000,
"errmsg": "Duplicate key violation on the requested collection: Index '_id_'",
"errInfo": "undefined",
"op": {
"testField": "testValue",
"_id": "1"
}
}
}
}
]
}
依序插入多份文件
批量插入的文件可在指定「ordered」時依序插入：true。
db.stores.insertMany([
{
"_id": "123456",
"storeId": "123456",
"name": "Graphic Design Institute",
"location": {
"lat": 34.0522,
"lon": -118.2437
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 20,
"partTime": 5
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 750000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 400000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 350000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Black Friday",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-11-25",
"endDate": "2024-11-30"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 25
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 30
}
]
}
]
},
{
"_id": "234567",
"storeId": "234567",
"name": "Relecloud",
"location": {
"lat": 40.7128,
"lon": -74.0060
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 10,
"partTime": 20
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 600000.00,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"totalSales": 350000.00
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"totalSales": 250000.00
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "New Year Sale",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": "2024-01-01",
"endDate": "2024-01-07"
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Laptops",
"discountPercentage": 10
},
{
"categoryName": "Smartphones",
"discountPercentage": 15
}
]
}
]
}
], "ordered": true)
有序插入指令會回傳一個回應，確認文件插入的順序：
{
"acknowledged": true,
"insertedIds": {
"0": "123456",
"1": "234567"
}
}