$slice運算子是用來傳回陣列的子集。 它可以用來將陣列中的項目數目限製為指定的數位，或從陣列中指定的位置傳回專案。 處理只有部分數據需要處理或顯示的大型數位列時，運算符會很有用。
語法
運算子的 $slice 語法如下。
- 從陣列的開頭或結尾傳回元素
{
$slice: [ <array>, <n> ]
}
- 從陣列中指定的位置傳回專案
{
$slice: [ <array>, <position>, <n> ]
}
參數
| 參數 | Description |
|---|---|
array |
任何有效的數位表達式。 |
position |
任何有效的整數表達式。 |
n |
任何有效的整數表達式。 |
範例
請參考商店集合中的此範例檔。
{
"_id": "0fcc0bf0-ed18-4ab8-b558-9848e18058f4",
"name": "First Up Consultants | Beverage Shop - Satterfieldmouth",
"location": {
"lat": -89.2384,
"lon": -46.4012
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 8,
"partTime": 20
}
},
"sales": {
"totalSales": 75670,
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Wine Accessories",
"totalSales": 34440
},
{
"categoryName": "Bitters",
"totalSales": 39496
},
{
"categoryName": "Rum",
"totalSales": 1734
}
]
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Unbeatable Bargain Bash",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 6,
"Day": 23
},
"endDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 7,
"Day": 2
}
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Whiskey",
"discountPercentage": 7
},
{
"categoryName": "Bitters",
"discountPercentage": 15
},
{
"categoryName": "Brandy",
"discountPercentage": 8
},
{
"categoryName": "Sports Drinks",
"discountPercentage": 22
},
{
"categoryName": "Vodka",
"discountPercentage": 19
}
]
},
{
"eventName": "Steal of a Deal Days",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 9,
"Day": 21
},
"endDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 9,
"Day": 29
}
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "Organic Wine",
"discountPercentage": 19
},
{
"categoryName": "White Wine",
"discountPercentage": 20
},
{
"categoryName": "Sparkling Wine",
"discountPercentage": 19
},
{
"categoryName": "Whiskey",
"discountPercentage": 17
},
{
"categoryName": "Vodka",
"discountPercentage": 23
}
]
}
]
}
範例 1：從陣列傳回元素集
此查詢會擷取集合內sales.salesByCategory陣列的_id: 988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60stores前三個元素。
db.stores.aggregate([{
$match: {
_id: "988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60"
}
}, {
$project: {
salesByCategory: {
$slice: ["$sales.salesByCategory", 3]
}
}
}])
此查詢會傳回下列結果。
[
{
"_id": "988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60",
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Towel Racks",
"totalSales": 13237
},
{
"categoryName": "Washcloths",
"totalSales": 44315
},
{
"categoryName": "Face Towels",
"totalSales": 42095
}
]
}
]
範例 2：使用 $push 進行切片
此查詢會使用 with $push 將$each新元素promotionEvents新增至陣列，並$slice只保留前 N 個 （正切片） 或最後 N 個 （負切片） 元素。 這可確保陣列在更新後保留最新的條目。
db.stores.updateOne({
_id: "7954bd5c-9ac2-4c10-bb7a-2b79bd0963c5"
}, {
$push: {
promotionEvents: {
$each: [{
eventName: "Black Friday Event",
promotionalDates: {
startDate: {
Year: 2024,
Month: 8,
Day: 1
},
endDate: {
Year: 2024,
Month: 8,
Day: 7
}
},
discounts: [{
categoryName: 'DJ Speakers',
discountPercentage: 25
}]
},
{
eventName: "Mega Discount Days",
promotionalDates: {
startDate: {
Year: 2024,
Month: 5,
Day: 11
},
endDate: {
Year: 2024,
Month: 5,
Day: 18
}
},
discounts: [{
categoryName: "DJ Lights",
discountPercentage: 20
}]
}
],
$slice: -3
}
}
})
查詢會傳回下列結果。
[
{
"_id": "7954bd5c-9ac2-4c10-bb7a-2b79bd0963c5",
"name": "Lakeshore Retail | DJ Equipment Stop - Port Cecile",
"location": {
"lat": 60.1441,
"lon": -141.5012
},
"staff": {
"totalStaff": {
"fullTime": 2,
"partTime": 0
}
},
"sales": {
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "DJ Headphones",
"totalSales": 35921
},
{
"categoryName": "DJ Cables",
"totalSales": 1000
}
],
"fullSales": 3700
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Cyber Monday Event",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 8,
"Day": 1
},
"endDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 8,
"Day": 7
}
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "DJ Speakers",
"discountPercentage": 25
}
]
},
{
"eventName": "Black Friday Event",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 8,
"Day": 1
},
"endDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 8,
"Day": 7
}
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "DJ Speakers",
"discountPercentage": 25
}
]
},
{
"eventName": "Mega Discount Days",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 5,
"Day": 11
},
"endDate": {
"Year": 2024,
"Month": 5,
"Day": 18
}
},
"discounts": [
{
"categoryName": "DJ Lights",
"discountPercentage": 20
}
]
}
],
"tag": [
"#ShopLocal",
"#NewArrival",
"#FashionStore",
"#SeasonalSale",
"#FreeShipping",
"#MembershipDeals"
]
}
]
範例 3：從陣列中取得第一個相符的元素
此查詢會從 “sales.salesByCategory” 陣列擷取第一個檔。
db.stores.find({
name: "Lakeshore Retail"
}, {
_id: 1,
name: 1,
"sales.salesByCategory": {
$slice: 1
}
} // restricts the fields to be returned
)
此查詢會傳回下列結果。
[
{
"_id": "988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60",
"name": "Lakeshore Retail",
"sales": {
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Towel Racks",
"totalSales": 13237
}
]
}
}
]
範例 4：從陣列中取得最後一個元素
此查詢會從 “sales.salesByCategory” 陣列擷取最後一個檔。
db.stores.find({
name: "Lakeshore Retail"
}, {
_id: 1,
name: 1,
"sales.salesByCategory": {
$slice: -1
}
})
此查詢會傳回下列結果。
[
{
"_id": "988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60",
"name": "Lakeshore Retail",
"sales": {
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Pillow Cases",
"totalSales": 38833
}
]
}
}
]
範例 5：從陣列擷取一系列元素
此查詢會從 “sales.salesByCategory” 陣列擷取子集範圍。
db.stores.find({
name: "Lakeshore Retail"
}, {
_id: 1,
name: 1,
"sales.salesByCategory": {
$slice: [3, 2]
}
})
此查詢會傳回下列結果。
[
{
"_id": "988d2dd1-2faa-4072-b420-b91b95cbfd60",
"name": "Lakeshore Retail",
"sales": {
"salesByCategory": [
{
"categoryName": "Toothbrush Holders",
"totalSales": 47912
},
{
"categoryName": "Hybrid Mattresses",
"totalSales": 48660
}
]
}
}
]
相關內容
- 檢視從 MongoDB 遷移到 Azure DocumentDB 的選項。
- 閱讀有關 與 MongoDB 的功能相容性的更多資訊。