$expr

$expr 運算子允許在查詢語言中使用彙總運算式，這可讓我們比較同一文件中的欄位、執行計算，並在 find 運算中使用彙總運算子。 $expr 運算子對於傳統查詢運算子無法實現的複雜欄位比較非常有用。

語法

{
  $expr: { <aggregation expression> }
}

參數

參數	Description
<aggregation expression>	任何有效的、求值為布林值的彙總運算式。 此運算式包含欄位比較、算術運算、條件運算式和其他彙總運算子。

範例

請參考商店集合中的此範例檔。

{
    "_id": "0fcc0bf0-ed18-4ab8-b558-9848e18058f4",
    "name": "First Up Consultants | Beverage Shop - Satterfieldmouth",
    "location": {
        "lat": -89.2384,
        "lon": -46.4012
    },
    "staff": {
        "totalStaff": {
            "fullTime": 8,
            "partTime": 20
        }
    },
    "sales": {
        "totalSales": 75670,
        "salesByCategory": [
            {
                "categoryName": "Wine Accessories",
                "totalSales": 34440
            },
            {
                "categoryName": "Bitters",
                "totalSales": 39496
            },
            {
                "categoryName": "Rum",
                "totalSales": 1734
            }
        ]
    },
    "promotionEvents": [
        {
            "eventName": "Unbeatable Bargain Bash",
            "promotionalDates": {
                "startDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 6,
                    "Day": 23
                },
                "endDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 7,
                    "Day": 2
                }
            },
            "discounts": [
                {
                    "categoryName": "Whiskey",
                    "discountPercentage": 7
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Bitters",
                    "discountPercentage": 15
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Brandy",
                    "discountPercentage": 8
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Sports Drinks",
                    "discountPercentage": 22
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Vodka",
                    "discountPercentage": 19
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "eventName": "Steal of a Deal Days",
            "promotionalDates": {
                "startDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 9,
                    "Day": 21
                },
                "endDate": {
                    "Year": 2024,
                    "Month": 9,
                    "Day": 29
                }
            },
            "discounts": [
                {
                    "categoryName": "Organic Wine",
                    "discountPercentage": 19
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "White Wine",
                    "discountPercentage": 20
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Sparkling Wine",
                    "discountPercentage": 19
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Whiskey",
                    "discountPercentage": 17
                },
                {
                    "categoryName": "Vodka",
                    "discountPercentage": 23
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

範例 1：比較全職和兼職員工

此範例會擷取兼職員工數目大於全職員工數目的商店。

db.stores.find({_id: "40d6f4d7-50cd-4929-9a07-0a7a133c2e74",
  $expr: {
    $gt: ["$staff.employeeCount.partTime", "$staff.employeeCount.fullTime"]
  }
})

查詢會比較指定 （_id） 文件內的兩個欄位，並僅在符合條件 （全職員工計數超過兼職員工計數） 時傳回該欄位。

{
  "_id": "40d6f4d7-50cd-4929-9a07-0a7a133c2e74",
  "name": "Proseware, Inc. | Home Entertainment Hub - East Linwoodbury",
  "location": {
    "lat": 70.1272,
    "lon": 69.7296
  },
  "staff": {
      "contractorCount": 5,
      "employeeCount": { "fullTime": 19, "partTime": 20 }
    },
  "sales": {
    "totalSales": 151864,
    "salesByCategory": [
      {
        "categoryName": "Sound Bars",
        "totalSales": 2120
      },
      {
        "categoryName": "Home Theater Projectors",
        "totalSales": 45004
      }
    },
    "storeOpeningDate": ISODate("2024-09-23T13:45:01.480Z"),
    "lastUpdated": ISODate("2025-06-11T11:06:57.922Z"),
    "status": "active",
    "category": "high-volume",
    "priority": 1,
    "reviewDate": ISODate("2025-06-11T11:10:50.276Z")
  }
]

範例 2：具有商店位置的條件式邏輯

此範例示範在南半球拉動商店的 $expr 條件式邏輯使用方式，其中員工效率比率 （每位員工的銷售額） 超過 2000。

db.stores.find({_id: "40d6f4d7-50cd-4929-9a07-0a7a133c2e74",
  $expr: {
    $and: [
      { $gte: ["$location.lat", 70.1272] },
      {
        $gt: [
          {
            $divide: [
              "$sales.totalSales",
              { $add: ["$staff.employeeCount.fullTime", "$staff.employeeCount.partTime"] }
            ]
          },
          2000
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}).limit(1)

此查詢會傳回下列結果。

[
  {
    "_id": "40d6f4d7-50cd-4929-9a07-0a7a133c2e74",
    "name": "Proseware, Inc. | Home Entertainment Hub - East Linwoodbury",
    "location": {
      "lat": 70.1272,
      "lon": 69.7296
    },
    "staff": {
      "totalStaff": {
        "fullTime": 19,
        "partTime": 20
      }
    },
    "sales": {
      "totalSales": 151864,
      "salesByCategory": [
        {
          "categoryName": "Sound Bars",
          "totalSales": 2120
        },
        {
          "categoryName": "Home Theater Projectors",
          "totalSales": 45004
        }
      ]
    },
    "storeOpeningDate": ISODate("2024-09-23T13:45:01.480Z"),
    "lastUpdated": ISODate("2025-06-11T11:06:57.922Z"),
    "status": "active",
    "category": "high-volume",
    "priority": 1,
    "reviewDate": ISODate("2025-06-11T11:10:50.276Z")
  }
]

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