Array.FindAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>) 方法

定義

命名空間:

System

組件:

mscorlib.dll

擷取符合指定述詞所定義之條件的所有專案。

public:
generic <typename T>
 static cli::array <T> ^ FindAll(cli::array <T> ^ array, Predicate<T> ^ match);

public static T[] FindAll<T>(T[] array, Predicate<T> match);

static member FindAll : 'T[] * Predicate<'T> -> 'T[]

Public Shared Function FindAll(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As T()

類型參數

T

陣列專案的型別。

參數

array

T[]

一維、零基 Array 的搜尋。

match

Predicate<T>

那 Predicate<T> 定義了要搜尋元素的條件。

傳回

T[]

若找到，包含 Array 所有符合指定謂詞定義條件的元素;否則為空 Array。

例外狀況

ArgumentNullException

array 是 null。

-或-

match 是 null。

範例

以下範例建立一個由 50 個隨機數組成的陣列，其值範圍可從 0 到 1,000。 接著它會用 lambda 運算式呼叫該 FindAll 方法，回傳範圍從 300 到 600 的值。 注意 lambda 運算式會傳遞一個名為 x的參數;這代表傳遞給 Predicate<T>的個別陣列成員。 另外要注意，local lBound 和 uBound 變數都可以在 lambda 運算式中存取。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Get an array of n random integers.
      int[] values = GetArray(50, 0, 1000);
      int lBound = 300;
      int uBound = 600;
      int[] matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, x =>
                                       x >= lBound && x <= uBound);
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < matchedItems.Length; ctr++) {
         Console.Write("{0}  ", matchedItems[ctr]);
         if ((ctr + 1) % 12 == 0)
            Console.WriteLine();
      }
   }

   private static int[] GetArray(int n, int lower, int upper)
   {
      Random rnd = new Random();
      List<int> list = new List<int>();
      for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= n; ctr++)
         list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1));

      return list.ToArray();
   }
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       542  398  356  351  348  301  562  599  575  400  569  306
//       535  416  393  385

open System

let getArray n lower upper =
    let rnd = Random()
    [|  for _ = 1 to n do 
            rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1) |]

// Get an array of n random integers.
let values = getArray 50 0 1000
let lBound = 300
let uBound = 600
let matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, fun x -> x >= lBound && x <= uBound)

for i = 0 to matchedItems.Length - 1 do
    printf $"{matchedItems[i]}  "
    if (i + 1) % 12 = 0 then printfn ""

// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       542  398  356  351  348  301  562  599  575  400  569  306
//       535  416  393  385

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Get an array of n random integers.
      Dim values() As Integer = GetArray(50, 0, 1000)
      Dim lBound As Integer = 300
      Dim uBound As Integer = 600
      Dim matchedItems() As Integer = Array.FindAll(values, 
                                            Function(x) x >= lBound And x <= uBound)  
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To matchedItems.Length - 1
         Console.Write("{0}  ", matchedItems(ctr))
         If (ctr + 1) Mod 12 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine()
      Next
   End Sub
   
   Private Function GetArray(n As Integer, lower As Integer, 
                             upper As Integer) As Integer()
      Dim rnd As New Random()
      Dim list As New List(Of Integer)
      For ctr As Integer = 1 To n
         list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1))
      Next
      Return list.ToArray()
   End Function
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
'       542  398  356  351  348  301  562  599  575  400  569  306
'       535  416  393  385

以下程式碼範例展示了 Find、 FindLast及 FindAll 通用方法。 會建立一個包含8個恐龍名字的字串陣列，其中兩個（在第1和第5位置）以「saurus」結尾。 程式碼範例也定義了一個名為 EndsWithSaurus的搜尋謂詞方法，該方法接受字串參數並回傳一個布林值，指示輸入字串是否以「saurus」結尾。

Find一般方法從一開始遍歷陣列，依序將每個元素傳遞給該方法。EndsWithSaurus 當 EndsWithSaurus 方法返回 true 元素「Amargasaurus」時，搜尋停止。

Note

在 C#、F# 和 Visual Basic 中，無需明確建立 Predicate<string>代理（Predicate(Of String) 在 Visual Basic）。 這些語言會從上下文推斷正確的代理並自動建立。

FindLast通用方法則是從末端向後搜尋陣列。 它在第 5 位找到元素「雙脊龍」。 FindAll通用方法用於回傳包含所有以「saurus」結尾元素的陣列。 這些元素會被展示出來。

程式碼範例也展示了 Exists 通用 TrueForAll 方法。

using System;

public class DinoDiscoverySet
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs =
        {
            "Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
            "Velociraptor",  "Deinonychus",  "Dilophosaurus",
            "Gallimimus",    "Triceratops"
        };

        DinoDiscoverySet GoMesozoic = new DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);

        GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll();
        GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
    }

    private string[] dinosaurs;

    public DinoDiscoverySet(string[] items)
    {
        dinosaurs = items;
    }

    public void DiscoverAll()
    {
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

    public void DiscoverByEnding(string Ending)
    {
        Predicate<string> dinoType;

        switch (Ending.ToLower())
        {
            case "raptor":
                dinoType = EndsWithRaptor;
                break;
            case "tops":
                dinoType = EndsWithTops;
                break;
            case "saurus":
            default:
                dinoType = EndsWithSaurus;
                break;
        }
        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);

        string[] subArray =
            Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);

        foreach(string dinosaur in subArray)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
    private bool EndsWithSaurus(string s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 5) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "saurus"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
    private bool EndsWithRaptor(String s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 5) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "raptor"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
    private bool EndsWithTops(String s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 3) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() == "tops"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops

Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True

Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False

Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus

Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus

Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/

open System

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
let endsWithSaurus (s: string) =
    s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "saurus"

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
let endsWithRaptor (s: string) =
    s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "raptor"

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
let endsWithTops (s: string) =
    s.Length > 3 && s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() = "tops"

type DinoDiscoverySet =
    { Dinosaurs: string [] }

    member this.DiscoverAll() =
        printfn ""
        for dino in this.Dinosaurs do
            printfn $"{dino}"

    member this.DiscoverByEnding(ending: string) =
        let dinoType =
            match ending.ToLower() with
            | "raptor" -> endsWithRaptor
            | "tops" -> endsWithTops
            | "saurus" | _ -> endsWithSaurus

        Array.Exists(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending

        Array.TrueForAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending

        Array.Find(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending

        Array.FindLast(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending

        printfn $"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{ending}\"):"
        for dinosaur in Array.FindAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType) do
            printfn $"{dinosaur}"

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Compsognathus"; "Amargasaurus"; "Oviraptor"
       "Velociraptor"; "Deinonychus"; "Dilophosaurus"
       "Gallimimus"; "Triceratops" |]

let goMesozoic = { Dinosaurs = dinosaurs }

goMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
goMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding "saurus"


// This code example produces the following output:
//     Compsognathus
//     Amargasaurus
//     Oviraptor
//     Velociraptor
//     Deinonychus
//     Dilophosaurus
//     Gallimimus
//     Triceratops
//
//     Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): true
//
//     Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): false
//
//     Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
//
//     Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
//
//     Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
//     Amargasaurus
//     Dilophosaurus

Public Class DinoDiscoverySet

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { "Compsognathus", _
            "Amargasaurus",   "Oviraptor",      "Velociraptor", _
            "Deinonychus",    "Dilophosaurus",  "Gallimimus", _
            "Triceratops" }

        Dim GoMesozoic As New DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs)

        GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
        GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus")
    End Sub

    Private dinosaurs As String()

    Public Sub New(items() As String)
        dinosaurs = items
    End Sub

    Public Sub DiscoverAll()
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next dinosaur
    End Sub

    Public Sub DiscoverByEnding(Ending As String)
        Dim dinoType As Predicate(Of String)

        Select Case Ending.ToLower()
            Case "raptor"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithRaptor
            Case "tops"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithTops
            Case "saurus"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
            Case Else
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
        End Select

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.Exists(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.Find(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""):", Ending)

        Dim subArray() As String = _
            Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType)

        For Each dinosaur As String In subArray
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next dinosaur
    End Sub

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
    Private Function EndsWithSaurus(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("saurus")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
    Private Function EndsWithRaptor(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("raptor")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
    Private Function EndsWithTops(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 3) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("tops")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function
End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
' Compsognathus
' Amargasaurus
' Oviraptor
' Velociraptor
' Deinonychus
' Dilophosaurus
' Gallimimus
' Triceratops
'
' Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
'
' Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
'
' Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
'
' Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
'
' Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
' Amargasaurus
' Dilophosaurus

備註

是 Predicate<T> 方法的代理，若傳遞給該方法的物件符合代理中定義的條件，該代理會回傳 true 。 的 array 元素會分別傳遞給 Predicate<T>，符合條件的元素則儲存在回傳的陣列中。

此方法為 O（n） 運算，其中 n 為 Length 的 array。

在 F# 中，也可以使用 Array.filter 函式來取代。

另請參閱

• Exists<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• Find<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• FindLast<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• BinarySearch
• IndexOf
• LastIndexOf
• Predicate<T>