Directory.GetParent(String) 方法
定義
重要
部分資訊涉及發行前產品，在發行之前可能會有大幅修改。 Microsoft 對此處提供的資訊，不做任何明確或隱含的瑕疵擔保。
擷取指定路徑的父目錄，包括絕對和相對路徑兩者。
public:
static System::IO::DirectoryInfo ^ GetParent(System::String ^ path);public static System.IO.DirectoryInfo GetParent (string path);public static System.IO.DirectoryInfo? GetParent (string path);static member GetParent : string -> System.IO.DirectoryInfoPublic Shared Function GetParent (path As String) As DirectoryInfo參數
- path
- String
要擷取其父目錄的路徑。
傳回
父目錄；如果 path 是根目錄，包括 UNC 伺服器或共用名稱的根目錄，則為 null。
例外狀況
path 指定的目錄是唯讀的。
呼叫端沒有必要的權限。
.NET Framework 和 2.1 之前的 .NET Core 版本：path是長度為零的字串、只包含空格符，或包含一或多個無效的字元。 您可以使用 GetInvalidPathChars() 方法查詢無效字元。
path 為 null。
指定的路徑、檔案名稱，或兩者都超出系統定義的長度上限。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 PathTooLongException 主題。
找不到指定的路徑。
path 格式無效。
僅限 .NET Framework：呼叫端沒有必要的權限。
範例
下列範例示範如何使用 GetParent 方法來擷取使用者指定位置 「path」 的父目錄。 然後，方法傳 GetParent 回的值會列印到主控台。 此範例設定為攔截此方法通用的所有錯誤。
using namespace System;
class Class1
{
public:
void PrintFileSystemEntries( String^ path )
{
try
{
// Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
array<String^>^directoryEntries = System::IO::Directory::GetFileSystemEntries( path );
for ( int i = 0; i < directoryEntries->Length; i++ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( directoryEntries[ i ] );
}
}
catch ( ArgumentNullException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is a null reference." );
}
catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "The caller does not have the \HelloServer' required permission." );
}
catch ( ArgumentException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer' contains only white spaces, \HelloServer' or contains invalid characters." );
}
catch ( System::IO::DirectoryNotFoundException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "The path encapsulated in the \HelloServer' Directory object does not exist." );
}
}
void PrintFileSystemEntries( String^ path, String^ pattern )
{
try
{
// Obtain the file system entries in the directory
// path that match the pattern.
array<String^>^directoryEntries = System::IO::Directory::GetFileSystemEntries( path, pattern );
for ( int i = 0; i < directoryEntries->Length; i++ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( directoryEntries[ i ] );
}
}
catch ( ArgumentNullException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is a null reference." );
}
catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "The caller does not have the \HelloServer' required permission." );
}
catch ( ArgumentException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer' contains only white spaces, \HelloServer' or contains invalid characters." );
}
catch ( System::IO::DirectoryNotFoundException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "The path encapsulated in the \HelloServer' Directory object does not exist." );
}
}
// Print out all logical drives on the system.
void GetLogicalDrives()
{
try
{
array<String^>^drives = System::IO::Directory::GetLogicalDrives();
for ( int i = 0; i < drives->Length; i++ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( drives[ i ] );
}
}
catch ( System::IO::IOException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "An I/O error occurs." );
}
catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "The caller does not have the \HelloServer' required permission." );
}
}
void GetParent( String^ path )
{
try
{
System::IO::DirectoryInfo^ directoryInfo = System::IO::Directory::GetParent( path );
System::Console::WriteLine( directoryInfo->FullName );
}
catch ( ArgumentNullException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is a null reference." );
}
catch ( ArgumentException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer' contains only white spaces, or \HelloServer' contains invalid characters." );
}
}
void Move( String^ sourcePath, String^ destinationPath )
{
try
{
System::IO::Directory::Move( sourcePath, destinationPath );
System::Console::WriteLine( "The directory move is complete." );
}
catch ( ArgumentNullException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is a null reference." );
}
catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "The caller does not have the \HelloServer' required permission." );
}
catch ( ArgumentException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer' contains only white spaces, \HelloServer' or contains invalid characters." );
}
catch ( System::IO::IOException^ )
{
System::Console::WriteLine( "An attempt was made to move a \HelloServer' directory to a different \HelloServer' volume, or destDirName \HelloServer' already exists." );
}
}
};
int main()
{
Class1 * snippets = new Class1;
String^ path = System::IO::Directory::GetCurrentDirectory();
String^ filter = "*.exe";
snippets->PrintFileSystemEntries( path );
snippets->PrintFileSystemEntries( path, filter );
snippets->GetLogicalDrives();
snippets->GetParent( path );
snippets->Move( "C:\\proof", "C:\\Temp" );
return 0;
}
using System;
namespace GetFileSystemEntries
{
class Class1
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Class1 snippets = new Class1();
string path = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
string filter = "*.exe";
snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path);
snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path, filter);
snippets.GetLogicalDrives();
snippets.GetParent(path);
snippets.Move("C:\\proof", "C:\\Temp");
}
void PrintFileSystemEntries(string path)
{
try
{
// Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
string[] directoryEntries =
System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path);
foreach (string str in directoryEntries)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(str);
}
}
catch (ArgumentNullException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
}
catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
"required permission.");
}
catch (ArgumentException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
"contains only white spaces, " +
"or contains invalid characters.");
}
catch (System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " +
"Directory object does not exist.");
}
}
void PrintFileSystemEntries(string path, string pattern)
{
try
{
// Obtain the file system entries in the directory
// path that match the pattern.
string[] directoryEntries =
System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern);
foreach (string str in directoryEntries)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(str);
}
}
catch (ArgumentNullException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
}
catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
"required permission.");
}
catch (ArgumentException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
"contains only white spaces, " +
"or contains invalid characters.");
}
catch (System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " +
"Directory object does not exist.");
}
}
// Print out all logical drives on the system.
void GetLogicalDrives()
{
try
{
string[] drives = System.IO.Directory.GetLogicalDrives();
foreach (string str in drives)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(str);
}
}
catch (System.IO.IOException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("An I/O error occurs.");
}
catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
"required permission.");
}
}
void GetParent(string path)
{
try
{
System.IO.DirectoryInfo directoryInfo =
System.IO.Directory.GetParent(path);
System.Console.WriteLine(directoryInfo.FullName);
}
catch (ArgumentNullException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
}
catch (ArgumentException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
"contains only white spaces, or " +
"contains invalid characters.");
}
}
void Move(string sourcePath, string destinationPath)
{
try
{
System.IO.Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath);
System.Console.WriteLine("The directory move is complete.");
}
catch (ArgumentNullException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
}
catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
"required permission.");
}
catch (ArgumentException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
"contains only white spaces, " +
"or contains invalid characters.");
}
catch (System.IO.IOException)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("An attempt was made to move a " +
"directory to a different " +
"volume, or destDirName " +
"already exists.");
}
}
}
}
open System
open System.IO
open System.Security
let printFileSystemEntries path =
try
// Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
let directoryEntries = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries path
for str in directoryEntries do
printfn $"{str}"
with
| :? ArgumentNullException ->
printfn "Path is a null reference."
| :? SecurityException ->
printfn $"The caller does not have the required permission."
| :? ArgumentException ->
printfn $"Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
| :? DirectoryNotFoundException ->
printfn $"The path encapsulated in the Directory object does not exist."
let printFileSystemEntriesPattern path pattern =
try
// Obtain the file system entries in the directory
// path that match the pattern.
let directoryEntries = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern)
for str in directoryEntries do
printfn $"{str}"
with
| :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
| :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."
| :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
| :? DirectoryNotFoundException -> printfn "The path encapsulated in the Directory object does not exist."
// Print out all logical drives on the system.
let getLogicalDrives () =
try
let drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives()
for str in drives do
printfn $"{str}"
with
| :? IOException -> printfn "An I/O error occurs."
| :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."
let getParent path =
try
let directoryInfo = Directory.GetParent path
printfn $"{directoryInfo.FullName}"
with
| :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
| :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
let move sourcePath destinationPath =
try
Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath)
printfn "The directory move is complete."
with
| :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
| :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."
| :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
| :? IOException -> printfn "An attempt was made to move a directory to a different volume, or destDirName already exists."
let path = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()
let filter = "*.exe"
printFileSystemEntries path
printFileSystemEntriesPattern path filter
getLogicalDrives ()
getParent path
move "C:\\proof" "C:\\Temp"
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Namespace GetFileSystemEntries
Class Class1
Overloads Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
Dim snippets As New Class1()
Dim path As String = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()
Dim filter As String = "*.exe"
snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path)
snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path, filter)
snippets.GetLogicalDrives()
snippets.GetParent(path)
snippets.Move("C:\proof", "C:\Temp")
End Sub
Sub PrintFileSystemEntries(ByVal path As String)
Try
' Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
Dim directoryEntries As String()
directoryEntries = System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path)
Dim str As String
For Each str In directoryEntries
System.Console.WriteLine(str)
Next str
Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
"required permission.")
Catch exp As ArgumentException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
"contains only white spaces, " + _
"or contains invalid characters.")
Catch exp As System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException
System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " + _
"Directory object does not exist.")
End Try
End Sub
Sub PrintFileSystemEntries(ByVal path As String, _
ByVal pattern As String)
Try
' Obtain the file system entries in the directory
' path that match the pattern.
Dim directoryEntries As String()
directoryEntries = _
System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern)
Dim str As String
For Each str In directoryEntries
System.Console.WriteLine(str)
Next str
Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
"required permission.")
Catch exp As ArgumentException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
"contains only white spaces, " + _
"or contains invalid characters.")
Catch exp As System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException
System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " + _
"Directory object does not exist.")
End Try
End Sub
' Print out all logical drives on the system.
Sub GetLogicalDrives()
Try
Dim drives As String()
drives = System.IO.Directory.GetLogicalDrives()
Dim str As String
For Each str In drives
System.Console.WriteLine(str)
Next str
Catch exp As System.IO.IOException
System.Console.WriteLine("An I/O error occurs.")
Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
"required permission.")
End Try
End Sub
Sub GetParent(ByVal path As String)
Try
Dim directoryInfo As System.IO.DirectoryInfo
directoryInfo = System.IO.Directory.GetParent(path)
System.Console.WriteLine(directoryInfo.FullName)
Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
Catch exp As ArgumentException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
"contains only white spaces, or " + _
"contains invalid characters.")
End Try
End Sub
Sub Move(ByVal sourcePath As String, ByVal destinationPath As String)
Try
System.IO.Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath)
System.Console.WriteLine("The directory move is complete.")
Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
"required permission.")
Catch exp As ArgumentException
System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
"contains only white spaces, " + _
"or contains invalid characters.")
Catch exp As System.IO.IOException
System.Console.WriteLine("An attempt was made to move a " + _
"directory to a different " + _
"volume, or destDirName " + _
"already exists.")
End Try
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
備註
參數 path 可以指定相對或絕對路徑資訊。 相對路徑資訊會解譯為相對於目前的工作目錄。 若要取得目前的工作目錄，請參閱 GetCurrentDirectory。
在取得目錄之前，尾端空格會從 參數結尾 path 移除。
這個方法傳回的字串包含路徑中最多但不包含最後 DirectorySeparatorChar 一個 或 AltDirectorySeparatorChar的所有字元。 例如，傳遞路徑 「C:\Directory\SubDirectory\test.txt」 以 GetParent 傳回 「C：\Directory\SubDirectory」。。 傳遞 「C：\Directory\SubDirectory」 會傳回 “C：\Directory”。 不過，傳遞 「C：\Directory\SubDirectory\」 會傳回 “C：\Directory\SubDirectory”，因為結尾目錄分隔符是在 “SubDirectory” 之後。
參數的 path 區分大小寫會對應至執行程式碼的文件系統。 例如，在NTFS上不區分大小寫 (預設Windows檔案系統) 和Linux檔案系統上區分大小寫。
如需一般 I/O 工作的清單，請參閱 一般 I/O 工作。
