共用方式為


BindingFlags 列舉

定義

指定控制繫結的旗標和由反映執行的成員和類型搜尋方式。

此列舉支援其成員值的位元組合。

public enum class BindingFlags
[System.Flags]
public enum BindingFlags
[System.Flags]
[System.Serializable]
public enum BindingFlags
[System.Flags]
[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public enum BindingFlags
[<System.Flags>]
type BindingFlags = 
[<System.Flags>]
[<System.Serializable>]
type BindingFlags = 
[<System.Flags>]
[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type BindingFlags = 
Public Enum BindingFlags
繼承
BindingFlags
屬性

欄位

CreateInstance 512

指定反映應該建立指定類型的執行個體。 呼叫符合指定引數的建構函式。 所提供的成員名稱會被忽略。 如果未指定查閱類型,則會套用 (Instance | Public)。 無法呼叫類型初始設定式。

這個旗標會傳遞至 InvokeMember 方法以叫用建構函式。

DeclaredOnly 2

指定只應考慮在所提供類型之階層層級宣告的成員。 不考慮繼承的成員。

Default 0

指定不定義任何繫結旗標。

DoNotWrapExceptions 33554432
ExactBinding 65536

指定所提供的引數類型必須完全符合對應的型式參數類型。 如果呼叫端提供非 Null 的 Binder 物件,則反映會擲回例外狀況,因為那表示呼叫端正在提供會選擇適當方法的 BindToXXX 實作。 預設繫結器會忽略此旗標,而自訂繫結器則可實作此旗標的語意。

FlattenHierarchy 64

指定應傳回在階層架構上的公用和受保護的靜態成員。 不會傳回繼承類別中的私用靜態成員。 靜態成員包括欄位、方法、事件和屬性。 不會傳回巢狀類型。

GetField 1024

指定應傳回所指定欄位的值。

這個旗標會傳遞至 InvokeMember 方法以取得欄位值。

GetProperty 4096

指定應傳回所指定屬性的值。

這個旗標會傳遞至 InvokeMember 方法以叫用屬性 getter。

IgnoreCase 1

指定繫結時不應考慮成員名稱的大小寫。

IgnoreReturn 16777216

用於 COM Interop 以指定可忽略成員的傳回值。

Instance 4

指定要在搜尋中包含執行個體成員。

InvokeMethod 256

指定要叫用方法。 這不能是建構函式或類型初始設定式。

這個旗標會傳遞至 InvokeMember 方法以叫用方法。

NonPublic 32

指定要在搜尋中包含非公用成員。

OptionalParamBinding 262144

傳回成員集,其參數計數會符合所提供的引數數目。 這個繫結旗標可用於其參數具有預設值的方法,以及具有變數引數 (varargs) 的方法。 這個旗標應該只搭配 InvokeMember(String, BindingFlags, Binder, Object, Object[], ParameterModifier[], CultureInfo, String[]) 使用。

具有預設值的參數僅限用於省略最後一個引數的呼叫。 它們必須是最後一個引數。

Public 16

指定要在搜尋中包含公用成員。

PutDispProperty 16384

指定應叫用 COM 物件上的 PROPPUT 成員。 PROPPUT 會指定使用值的屬性設定函式。 如果屬性同時具有 PROPPUTPROPPUTREF,而且必須區分呼叫哪一個,則使用 PutDispProperty

PutRefDispProperty 32768

指定應叫用 COM 物件上的 PROPPUTREF 成員。 PROPPUTREF 會指定使用參考而非值的屬性設定函式。 如果屬性同時具有 PROPPUTPROPPUTREF,而且必須區分呼叫哪一個,則使用 PutRefDispProperty

SetField 2048

指定應設定所指定欄位的值。

這個旗標會傳遞至 InvokeMember 方法以設定欄位值。

SetProperty 8192

指定應設定所指定屬性的值。 對於 COM 屬性來說,指定這個繫結旗標等同於指定 PutDispPropertyPutRefDispProperty

這個旗標會傳遞至 InvokeMember 方法以叫用屬性 setter。

Static 8

指定要在搜尋中包含靜態成員。

SuppressChangeType 131072

未實作。

範例

下列範例示範許多系結旗標。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Reflection;
using namespace System::IO;

//namespace BindingFlagsSnippet {
public ref class TestClass
{
public:
   String^ Name;

private:
   array<Object^>^ values;
   int methodCalled;

public:

   property Object^ Item [int]
   {
      Object^ get( int index )
      {
         return values[ index ];
      }

      void set( int index, Object^ value )
      {
         values[ index ] = value;
      }
   }

   property Object^ Value
   {
      Object^ get()
      {
         return "the value";
      }
   }

   TestClass() 
   {
      Name = "initialName";
      values = gcnew array<Object^> {(int^)0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
      methodCalled = 0;
   }
   
   TestClass(String^ initName)
   {
      Name = initName;
      values = gcnew array<Object^> {(int^)0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
      methodCalled = 0;
   }

   static void SayHello()
   {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello" );
   }

   void AddUp()
   {
      methodCalled++;
      Console::WriteLine( "AddUp Called {0} times", methodCalled );
   }

   static double ComputeSum( double d1, double d2 )
   {
      return d1 + d2;
   }

   static void PrintName( String^ firstName, String^ lastName )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( "{0},{1}", lastName, firstName );
   }

   void PrintTime()
   {
      Console::WriteLine( DateTime::Now );
   }

   void Swap( interior_ptr<int> a, interior_ptr<int> b )
   {
      int x =  *a;
       *a =  *b;
       *b = x;
   }
};


[DefaultMemberAttribute("PrintTime")]
public ref class TestClass2
{
public:
   void PrintTime()
   {
      Console::WriteLine( DateTime::Now );
   }

};

public ref class Base
{
private:
    static int BaseOnlyPrivate = 0;
protected:
    static int BaseOnly = 0;
};

public ref class Derived : Base
{
public:
    static int DerivedOnly = 0;
};

public ref class MostDerived : Derived {};

void main()
{
   array<Object^>^ noArguments;

   // BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
   // Call a static method.
   Type^ t = TestClass::typeid;
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a static method." );
   Console::WriteLine( "-------------------------" );
   t->InvokeMember( "SayHello", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod | BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::Static, 
         nullptr, nullptr, noArguments );

   // BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
   // Call an instance method.
   TestClass^ c = gcnew TestClass;
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking an instance method." );
   Console::WriteLine( "----------------------------" );
   c->GetType()->InvokeMember( "AddUp", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, c, noArguments );
   c->GetType()->InvokeMember( "AddUp", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, c, noArguments );

   // BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
   // Call a method with parameters.
   array<Object^>^args = {100.09,184.45};
   Object^ result;
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a method with parameters." );
   Console::WriteLine( "---------------------------------" );
   result = t->InvokeMember( "ComputeSum", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, nullptr, args );
   Console::WriteLine( " {0} + {1} = {2}", args[ 0 ], args[ 1 ], result );

   // BindingFlags::GetField, SetField
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a field (getting and setting.)" );
   Console::WriteLine( "--------------------------------------" );

   // Get a field value.
   result = t->InvokeMember( "Name", BindingFlags::GetField, nullptr, c, noArguments );
   Console::WriteLine( "Name == {0}", result );

   // Set a field.
   array<Object^>^obj2 = {"NewName"};
   t->InvokeMember( "Name", BindingFlags::SetField, nullptr, c, obj2 );
   result = t->InvokeMember( "Name", BindingFlags::GetField, nullptr, c, noArguments );
   Console::WriteLine( "Name == {0}", result );
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)" );
   Console::WriteLine( "--------------------------------------------------" );

   // BindingFlags::GetProperty
   // Get an indexed property value.
   int index = 3;
   array<Object^>^obj3 = {index};
   result = t->InvokeMember( "Item", BindingFlags::GetProperty, nullptr, c, obj3 );
   Console::WriteLine( "Item->Item[ {0}] == {1}", index, result );

   // BindingFlags::SetProperty
   // Set an indexed property value.
   index = 3;
   array<Object^>^obj4 = {index,"NewValue"};
   t->InvokeMember( "Item", BindingFlags::SetProperty, nullptr, c, obj4 );
   result = t->InvokeMember( "Item", BindingFlags::GetProperty, nullptr, c, obj3 );
   Console::WriteLine( "Item->Item[ {0}] == {1}", index, result );
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Getting a field or property." );
   Console::WriteLine( "----------------------------" );

   // BindingFlags::GetField
   // Get a field or property.
   result = t->InvokeMember( "Name", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::GetField | 
       BindingFlags::GetProperty), nullptr, c, noArguments );
   Console::WriteLine( "Name == {0}", result );

   // BindingFlags::GetProperty
   result = t->InvokeMember( "Value", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::GetField | 
       BindingFlags::GetProperty), nullptr, c, noArguments );
   Console::WriteLine( "Value == {0}", result );
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a method with named parameters." );
   Console::WriteLine( "---------------------------------------" );

   // BindingFlags::InvokeMethod
   // Call a method using named parameters.
   array<Object^>^argValues = {"Mouse","Micky"};
   array<String^>^argNames = {"lastName","firstName"};
   t->InvokeMember( "PrintName", BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, nullptr, argValues, nullptr, 
       nullptr, argNames );
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a default member of a type." );
   Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------------" );

   // BindingFlags::Default
   // Call the default member of a type.
   Type^ t3 = TestClass2::typeid;
   t3->InvokeMember( "", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::InvokeMethod | BindingFlags::Default), 
        nullptr, gcnew TestClass2, noArguments );

   // BindingFlags::Static, NonPublic, and Public
   // Invoking a member with ref parameters.
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Invoking a method with ref parameters." );
   Console::WriteLine( "--------------------------------------" );
   MethodInfo^ m = t->GetMethod( "Swap" );
   args = gcnew array<Object^>(2);
   args[ 0 ] = 1;
   args[ 1 ] = 2;
   m->Invoke( gcnew TestClass, args );
   Console::WriteLine( "{0}, {1}", args[ 0 ], args[ 1 ] );

   // BindingFlags::CreateInstance
   // Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor." );
   Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------------------------------" );
   Object^ obj = t->InvokeMember( "TestClass", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::Public | 
       BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::CreateInstance), nullptr, nullptr, noArguments );
   Console::WriteLine("Instance of {0} created.", obj->GetType()->Name);

   // Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters." );
   Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------------------------------------" );
   obj = t->InvokeMember( "TestClass", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::Public | 
       BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::CreateInstance), nullptr, nullptr, 
       gcnew array<Object^> { "Hello, World!" } );
   Console::WriteLine("Instance of {0} created with initial value '{1}'.", obj->GetType()->Name, 
       obj->GetType()->InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags::GetField, nullptr, obj, noArguments));

   // BindingFlags::DeclaredOnly
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "DeclaredOnly instance members." );
   Console::WriteLine( "------------------------------" );
   array<System::Reflection::MemberInfo^>^memInfo = t->GetMembers( BindingFlags::DeclaredOnly | 
       BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::Public);
   for ( int i = 0; i < memInfo->Length; i++ )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( memInfo[ i ]->Name );

   }

   // BindingFlags::IgnoreCase
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method." );
   Console::WriteLine( "---------------------------------------------------" );
   t->InvokeMember( "printname", static_cast<BindingFlags>(BindingFlags::IgnoreCase | 
                BindingFlags::Static | BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::InvokeMethod), 
                nullptr, nullptr, gcnew array<Object^> {"Brad","Smith"});

   // BindingFlags::FlattenHierarchy
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members." );
   Console::WriteLine( "----------------------------------------------------------------------------" );
   array<FieldInfo^>^ finfos = MostDerived::typeid->GetFields(BindingFlags::NonPublic | 
         BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::Static | BindingFlags::FlattenHierarchy);
   for each (FieldInfo^ finfo in finfos)
   {
       Console::WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo->Name, finfo->DeclaringType->Name);
   }

   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine("Without FlattenHierarchy." );
   Console::WriteLine("-------------------------");
   finfos = MostDerived::typeid->GetFields(BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public |
         BindingFlags::Static);
   for each (FieldInfo^ finfo in finfos)
   {
       Console::WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo->Name, finfo->DeclaringType->Name);
   }
};

/* This example produces output similar to the following:

Invoking a static method.
-------------------------
Hello

Invoking an instance method.
----------------------------
AddUp Called 1 times
AddUp Called 2 times

Invoking a method with parameters.
---------------------------------
 100.09 + 184.45 = 284.54

Invoking a field (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------
Name == initialName
Name == NewName

Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------------------
Item->Item[ 3] == 3
Item->Item[ 3] == NewValue

Getting a field or property.
----------------------------
Name == NewName
Value == the value

Invoking a method with named parameters.
---------------------------------------
Mouse,Micky

Invoking a default member of a type.
------------------------------------
12/23/2009 4:19:06 PM

Invoking a method with ref parameters.
--------------------------------------
2, 1

Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created.

Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
------------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created with initial value 'Hello, World!'.

DeclaredOnly instance members.
------------------------------
get_Item
set_Item
get_Value
AddUp
PrintTime
Swap
.ctor
.ctor
Value
Item
Name
methodCalled

Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.
---------------------------------------------------
Smith,Brad

Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DerivedOnly defined in Derived.
BaseOnly defined in Base.

Without FlattenHierarchy.
-------------------------

 */
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.IO;

namespace BindingFlagsSnippet
{
    class Example
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            // BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
            // Call a static method.
            Type t = typeof (TestClass);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking a static method.");
            Console.WriteLine("-------------------------");
            t.InvokeMember ("SayHello", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Public |
                BindingFlags.Static, null, null, new object [] {});

            // BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
            // Call an instance method.
            TestClass c = new TestClass ();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking an instance method.");
            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
            c.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, c, new object [] {});
            c.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, c, new object [] {});

            // BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
            // Call a method with parameters.
            object [] args = new object [] {100.09, 184.45};
            object result;
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with parameters.");
            Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------");
            result = t.InvokeMember ("ComputeSum", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, args);
            Console.WriteLine ("{0} + {1} = {2}", args[0], args[1], result);

            // BindingFlags.GetField, SetField
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking a field (getting and setting.)");
            Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------");
            // Get a field value.
            result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, c, new object [] {});
            Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
            // Set a field.
            t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.SetField, null, c, new object [] {"NewName"});
            result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, c, new object [] {});
            Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)");
            Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------");
            // BindingFlags.GetProperty
            // Get an indexed property value.
            int  index = 3;
            result = t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c, new object [] {index});
            Console.WriteLine ("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result);
            // BindingFlags.SetProperty
            // Set an indexed property value.
            index = 3;
            t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, c, new object [] {index, "NewValue"});
            result = t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty , null, c, new object [] {index});
            Console.WriteLine ("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Getting a field or property.");
            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
            // BindingFlags.GetField
            // Get a field or property.
            result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c,
                new object [] {});
            Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
            // BindingFlags.GetProperty
            result = t.InvokeMember ("Value", BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c,
                new object [] {});
            Console.WriteLine ("Value == {0}", result);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with named parameters.");
            Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------");
            // BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
            // Call a method using named parameters.
            object[] argValues = new object [] {"Mouse", "Micky"};
            String [] argNames = new String [] {"lastName", "firstName"};
            t.InvokeMember ("PrintName", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, argValues, null, null,
                argNames);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking a default member of a type.");
            Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------");
            // BindingFlags.Default
            // Call the default member of a type.
            Type t3 = typeof (TestClass2);
            t3.InvokeMember ("", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Default, null, new TestClass2(),
                new object [] {});

            // BindingFlags.Static, NonPublic, and Public
            // Invoking a member with ref parameters.
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with ref parameters.");
            Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------");
            MethodInfo m = t.GetMethod("Swap");
            args = new object[2];
            args[0] = 1;
            args[1] = 2;
            m.Invoke(new TestClass(),args);
            Console.WriteLine ("{0}, {1}", args[0], args[1]);

            // BindingFlags.CreateInstance
            // Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.");
            Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------");
            object cobj = t.InvokeMember ("TestClass", BindingFlags.Public |
                BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance,
                null, null, new object [] {});
            Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created.", cobj.GetType().Name);

            // Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.");
            Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------");
            cobj = t.InvokeMember ("TestClass", BindingFlags.Public |
                BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance,
                null, null, new object [] { "Hello, World!" });
            Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created with initial value '{1}'.", cobj.GetType().Name,
                cobj.GetType().InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, cobj, null));

            // BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("DeclaredOnly instance members.");
            Console.WriteLine("------------------------------");
            System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] memInfo =
                t.GetMembers(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Instance |
                BindingFlags.Public);
            for(int i=0;i<memInfo.Length;i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(memInfo[i].Name);
            }

            // BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.");
            Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------");
            t.InvokeMember("printname", BindingFlags.IgnoreCase | BindingFlags.Static |
                BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, new object[]
                {"Brad","Smith"});

            // BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members." );
            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------------------");
            FieldInfo[] finfos = typeof(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public |
                  BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy);
            foreach (FieldInfo finfo in finfos)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name);
            }

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Without FlattenHierarchy." );
            Console.WriteLine("-------------------------");
            finfos = typeof(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public |
                  BindingFlags.Static);
            foreach (FieldInfo finfo in finfos)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name);
            }
        }
    }

    public class TestClass
    {
        public String Name;
        private Object [] values = new Object [] {0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};

        public Object this [int index]
        {
            get
            {
                return values[index];
            }
            set
            {
                values[index] = value;
            }
        }

        public Object Value
        {
            get
            {
                return "the value";
            }
        }

        public TestClass () : this("initialName") {}
        public TestClass (string initName)
        {
            Name = initName;
        }

        int methodCalled = 0;

        public static void SayHello ()
        {
            Console.WriteLine ("Hello");
        }

        public void AddUp ()
        {
            methodCalled++;
            Console.WriteLine ("AddUp Called {0} times", methodCalled);
        }

        public static double ComputeSum (double d1, double d2)
        {
            return d1 + d2;
        }

        public static void PrintName (String firstName, String lastName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine ("{0},{1}", lastName,firstName);
        }

        public void PrintTime ()
        {
            Console.WriteLine (DateTime.Now);
        }

        public void Swap(ref int a, ref int b)
        {
            int x = a;
            a = b;
            b = x;
        }
    }

    [DefaultMemberAttribute ("PrintTime")]
    public class TestClass2
    {
        public void PrintTime ()
        {
            Console.WriteLine (DateTime.Now);
        }
    }

    public class Base
    {
        static int BaseOnlyPrivate = 0;
        protected static int BaseOnly = 0;
    }
    public class Derived : Base
    {
        public static int DerivedOnly = 0;
    }
    public class MostDerived : Derived {}
}

/* This example produces output similar to the following:

Invoking a static method.
-------------------------
Hello

Invoking an instance method.
----------------------------
AddUp Called 1 times
AddUp Called 2 times

Invoking a method with parameters.
---------------------------------
100.09 + 184.45 = 284.54

Invoking a field (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------
Name == initialName
Name == NewName

Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)
--------------------------------------------------
Item[3] == 3
Item[3] == NewValue

Getting a field or property.
----------------------------
Name == NewName
Value == the value

Invoking a method with named parameters.
---------------------------------------
Mouse,Micky

Invoking a default member of a type.
------------------------------------
12/23/2009 4:29:21 PM

Invoking a method with ref parameters.
--------------------------------------
2, 1

Creating an instance with a parameterless constructor.
------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created.

Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
------------------------------------------------------------
Instance of TestClass created with initial value 'Hello, World!'.

DeclaredOnly instance members.
------------------------------
get_Item
set_Item
get_Value
AddUp
PrintTime
Swap
.ctor
.ctor
Item
Value
Name

Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.
---------------------------------------------------
Smith,Brad

Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DerivedOnly defined in Derived.
BaseOnly defined in Base.

Without FlattenHierarchy.
-------------------------

 */
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.IO

Class Invoke

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
        ' Call a static method.
        Dim t As Type = GetType(TestClass)

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking a static method.")
        Console.WriteLine("-------------------------")
        t.InvokeMember("SayHello", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod Or BindingFlags.Public _
            Or BindingFlags.Static, Nothing, Nothing, New Object() {})

        ' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
        ' Call an instance method.
        Dim c As New TestClass()
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking an instance method.")
        Console.WriteLine("----------------------------")
        c.GetType().InvokeMember("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, c, New Object() {})
        c.GetType().InvokeMember("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, c, New Object() {})

        ' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
        ' Call a method with parameters.
        Dim args() As Object = {100.09, 184.45}
        Dim result As Object
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with parameters.")
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------")
        result = t.InvokeMember("ComputeSum", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, Nothing, args)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", args(0), args(1), result)

        ' BindingFlags.GetField, SetField
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking a field (getting and setting.)")
        Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------")
        ' Get a field value.
        result = t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, Nothing, c, New Object() {})
        Console.WriteLine("Name == {0}", result)
        ' Set a field.
        t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.SetField, Nothing, c, New Object() {"NewName"})
        result = t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, Nothing, c, New Object() {})
        Console.WriteLine("Name == {0}", result)

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)")
        Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------")
        ' BindingFlags.GetProperty 
        ' Get an indexed property value.
        Dim index As Integer = 3
        result = t.InvokeMember("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, c, New Object() {index})
        Console.WriteLine("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result)
        ' BindingFlags.SetProperty
        ' Set an indexed property value.
        index = 3
        t.InvokeMember("Item", BindingFlags.SetProperty, Nothing, c, New Object() {index, "NewValue"})
        result = t.InvokeMember("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, c, New Object() {index})
        Console.WriteLine("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result)

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Getting a field or property.")
        Console.WriteLine("----------------------------")
        ' BindingFlags.GetField
        ' Get a field or property.
        result = t.InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField Or BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, _
            c, New Object() {})
        Console.WriteLine("Name == {0}", result)
        ' BindingFlags.GetProperty
        result = t.InvokeMember("Value", BindingFlags.GetField Or BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, _
            c, New Object() {})
        Console.WriteLine("Value == {0}", result)

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with named parameters.")
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------")
        ' BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
        ' Call a method using named parameters.
        Dim argValues() As Object = {"Mouse", "Micky"}
        Dim argNames() As [String] = {"lastName", "firstName"}
        t.InvokeMember("PrintName", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, Nothing, argValues, Nothing, _
            Nothing, argNames)

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking a default member of a type.")
        Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------")
        ' BindingFlags.Default
        ' Call the default member of a type.
        Dim t3 As Type = GetType(TestClass2)
        t3.InvokeMember("", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod Or BindingFlags.Default, Nothing, _
            New TestClass2(), New Object() {})

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with ByRef parameters.")
        Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------")
        ' BindingFlags.Static, NonPublic, and Public
        ' Invoking a member by reference.
        Dim m As MethodInfo = t.GetMethod("Swap")
        args = New Object(1) {}
        args(0) = 1
        args(1) = 2
        m.Invoke(New TestClass(), args)
        Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", args(0), args(1))

        ' BindingFlags.CreateInstance
        ' Creating an instance.
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with parameterless constructor.")
        Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------")
        Dim obj As Object = GetType(TestClass).InvokeMember("TestClass", BindingFlags.CreateInstance, _
            Nothing, Nothing, New Object() {})
        Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created.", obj.GetType().Name)

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.")
        Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------")
        obj = GetType(TestClass).InvokeMember("TestClass", BindingFlags.CreateInstance, Nothing, _
            Nothing, New Object() { "Hello, World!" })
        Console.WriteLine("Instance of {0} created with initial value '{1}'.", obj.GetType().Name, _
            obj.GetType().InvokeMember("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, Nothing, obj, Nothing))

        ' BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("DeclaredOnly instance members.")
        Console.WriteLine("------------------------------")
        Dim memInfo As System.Reflection.MemberInfo() = t.GetMembers(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly Or _
            BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Instance)
        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To memInfo.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine(memInfo(i).Name)
        Next i

        ' BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.")
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------")
        t.InvokeMember("printname", BindingFlags.IgnoreCase Or BindingFlags.Public Or _
            BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, Nothing, _
            New Object() {"Brad", "Smith"})

        ' BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members." )
        Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------------------")
        Dim finfos() As FieldInfo = GetType(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic Or _
              BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy)
        For Each finfo As FieldInfo In finfos
            Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name)
        Next

        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Without FlattenHierarchy." )
        Console.WriteLine("-------------------------")
        finfos = GetType(MostDerived).GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public Or _
              BindingFlags.Static)
        For Each finfo As FieldInfo In finfos
            Console.WriteLine("{0} defined in {1}.", finfo.Name, finfo.DeclaringType.Name)
        Next
    End Sub
End Class

Public Class TestClass
    Public Name As String
    Private values() As [Object] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

    Default Public Property Item(ByVal index As Integer) As [Object]
        Get
            Return values(index)
        End Get
        Set(ByVal Value As [Object])
            values(index) = Value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property Value() As [Object]
        Get
            Return "the value"
        End Get
    End Property

    Public Sub New(ByVal initName As String)
        Name = initName
    End Sub 

    Public Sub New()
        MyClass.New("initialName")
    End Sub 

    Private methodCalled As Integer = 0

    Public Shared Sub SayHello()
        Console.WriteLine("Hello")
    End Sub 

    Public Sub AddUp()
        methodCalled += 1
        Console.WriteLine("AddUp Called {0} times", methodCalled)
    End Sub 

    Public Shared Function ComputeSum(ByVal d1 As Double, ByVal d2 As Double) As Double
        Return d1 + d2
    End Function 

    Public Shared Sub PrintName(ByVal firstName As [String], ByVal lastName As [String])
        Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", lastName, firstName)
    End Sub 

    Public Sub PrintTime()
        Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now)
    End Sub 

    Public Sub Swap(ByRef a As Integer, ByRef b As Integer)
        Dim x As Integer = a
        a = b
        b = x
    End Sub
End Class

<DefaultMemberAttribute("PrintTime")> _
Public Class TestClass2

    Public Sub PrintTime()
        Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now)
    End Sub 
End Class

Public Class Base
    Shared BaseOnlyPrivate As Integer = 0
    Protected Shared BaseOnly As Integer = 0
End Class

Public Class Derived 
    Inherits Base
    Public Shared DerivedOnly As Integer = 0
End Class

Public Class MostDerived 
    Inherits Derived
End Class

' This example produces output similar to the following:
'
'Invoking a static method.
'-------------------------
'Hello
'
'Invoking an instance method.
'----------------------------
'AddUp Called 1 times
'AddUp Called 2 times
'
'Invoking a method with parameters.
'---------------------------------
'100.09 + 184.45 = 284.54
'
'Invoking a field (getting and setting.)
'--------------------------------------
'Name == initialName
'Name == NewName
'
'Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)
'--------------------------------------------------
'Item[3] == 3
'Item[3] == NewValue
'
'Getting a field or property.
'----------------------------
'Name == NewName
'Value == the value
'
'Invoking a method with named parameters.
'---------------------------------------
'Mouse,Micky
'
'Invoking a default member of a type.
'------------------------------------
'12/23/2009 4:34:22 PM
'
'Invoking a method with ByRef parameters.
'----------------------------------------
'2, 1
'
'Creating an instance with parameterless constructor.
'----------------------------------------------------
'Instance of TestClass created.
'
'Creating an instance with a constructor that has parameters.
'------------------------------------------------------------
'Instance of TestClass created with initial value 'Hello, World!'.
'
'DeclaredOnly instance members.
'------------------------------
'get_Item
'set_Item
'get_Value
'AddUp
'PrintTime
'Swap
'.ctor
'.ctor
'Item
'Value
'Name
'
'Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.
'---------------------------------------------------
'Smith,Brad
'
'Using FlattenHierarchy to get inherited static protected and public members.
'----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'DerivedOnly defined in Derived.
'BaseOnly defined in Base.
'
'Without FlattenHierarchy.
'-------------------------
'

備註

這些BindingFlags控制項系結適用於叫用、建立、取得、設定及尋找成員和類型的、 System.ReflectionSystem.Runtime 命名空間中System許多類別。

BindingFlags 用於下列 Type 方法和其他位置,例如 MethodBase.Invoke

InvokeMemberGetMethod 特別重要。

系結旗標可以透過識別類型成員的方式進行分類,如下表所列。

由輔助功能識別 由 Binding 自變數識別 依作業識別
DeclaredOnly

FlattenHierarchy

IgnoreCase

IgnoreReturn

執行個體

NonPublic

公用

Static
ExactBinding

OptionalParamBinding
CreateInstance

GetField

SetField

GetProperty

SetProperty

InvokeMethod

PutDispProperty

PutRefDispProperty

注意

您必須指定 InstanceStatic 以及 PublicNonPublic ,否則不會傳回任何成員。

下表列出預設 Binder.ChangeType執行的強制型轉。 此數據表特別適用於系 BindingFlags.ExactBinding 結旗標。 一般原則是 ChangeType 應該只執行擴展強制型轉,永遠不會遺失數據。 擴大強制型轉的範例是將 32 位帶正負號整數的值強制轉型為 64 位帶正負號整數的值。 這與縮小強制型轉不同,這可能會遺失數據。 縮小強制型轉的範例是將64位帶正負號的整數強制轉換為32位帶正負號的整數。

來源類型 目標類型
任何型別 其基底類型。
任何型別 其實作的介面。
Char UInt16, UInt32, Int32, UInt64, Int64, Single, Double
Byte Char, UInt16, Int16, UInt32, Int32, UInt64, Int64, Single, Double
SByte Int16, Int32, Int64, Single, Double
UInt16 UInt32, Int32, UInt64, Int64, Single, Double
Int16 Int32, Int64, Single, Double
UInt32 UInt64, Int64, Single, Double
Int32 Int64, Single, Double
UInt64 Single, Double
Int64 Single, Double
Single Double
非參考 參考。

使用系 BindingFlags.ExactBinding 結旗標時,反映會模型化通用類型系統的輔助功能規則。 例如,如果呼叫端位於相同的元件中,則呼叫端不需要內部成員的特殊許可權。 否則,呼叫端需要 ReflectionPermission。 這與受保護、私人等成員的查閱一致。

適用於