在查詢表達式中，子 select 句指定查詢執行時產生的值類型。 結果來自評估所有前述子句及子 select 句中的任何表達式。 查詢表達式必須以 select 子句或 群組 子句結尾。
下列範例示範查詢運算式中的簡單 select 子句。
class SelectSample1
{
static void Main()
{
//Create the data source
List<int> Scores = [97, 92, 81, 60];
// Create the query.
IEnumerable<int> queryHighScores =
from score in Scores
where score > 80
select score;
// Execute the query.
foreach (int i in queryHighScores)
{
Console.Write(i + " ");
}
}
}
//Output: 97 92 81
子 select 句產生的序列類型決定查詢變數 queryHighScores的類型。 在最簡單的情況下，select 子句只會指定範圍變數。 此方法使回傳序列包含與資料來源相同類型的元素。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 LINQ 查詢作業中的類型關聯性。 不過，select 子句也提供功能強大的機制，將來源資料轉換 (或「投影」) 為新的類型。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱使用 LINQ 轉換資料 (C#)。
C# 語言參考資料記錄了 C# 語言最新版本。 同時也包含即將推出語言版本公開預覽功能的初步文件。
文件中標示了語言最近三個版本或目前公開預覽版中首次引入的任何功能。
小提示
欲查詢某功能何時首次在 C# 中引入，請參閱 C# 語言版本歷史的條目。
以下範例展示了子句可能採取的所有不同形式 select 。 在每個查詢中，請注意 select 子句與「查詢變數」類型之間的關聯性 (、studentQuery1，依此類推)。
class SelectSample2
{
// Define some classes
public class Student
{
public required string First { get; init; }
public required string Last { get; init; }
public required int ID { get; init; }
public required List<int> Scores;
public ContactInfo? GetContactInfo(SelectSample2 app, int id)
{
ContactInfo? cInfo =
(from ci in app.contactList
where ci.ID == id
select ci)
.FirstOrDefault();
return cInfo;
}
public override string ToString() => $"{First} {Last}:{ID}";
}
public class ContactInfo
{
public required int ID { get; init; }
public required string Email { get; init; }
public required string Phone { get; init; }
public override string ToString() => $"{Email},{Phone}";
}
public class ScoreInfo
{
public double Average { get; init; }
public int ID { get; init; }
}
// The primary data source
List<Student> students =
[
new Student {First="Svetlana", Last="Omelchenko", ID=111, Scores= new List<int>() {97, 92, 81, 60}},
new Student {First="Claire", Last="O'Donnell", ID=112, Scores= new List<int>() {75, 84, 91, 39}},
new Student {First="Sven", Last="Mortensen", ID=113, Scores= new List<int>() {88, 94, 65, 91}},
new Student {First="Cesar", Last="Garcia", ID=114, Scores= new List<int>() {97, 89, 85, 82}},
];
// Separate data source for contact info.
List<ContactInfo> contactList =
[
new ContactInfo {ID=111, Email="SvetlanO@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0108"},
new ContactInfo {ID=112, Email="ClaireO@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0298"},
new ContactInfo {ID=113, Email="SvenMort@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-1130"},
new ContactInfo {ID=114, Email="CesarGar@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0521"}
];
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SelectSample2 app = new SelectSample2();
// Produce a filtered sequence of unmodified Students.
IEnumerable<Student> studentQuery1 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student;
Console.WriteLine("Query1: select range_variable");
foreach (Student s in studentQuery1)
{
Console.WriteLine(s.ToString());
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of elements that contain
// only one property of each Student.
IEnumerable<String> studentQuery2 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Last;
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery2: select range_variable.Property");
foreach (string s in studentQuery2)
{
Console.WriteLine(s);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of objects created by
// a method call on each Student.
IEnumerable<ContactInfo> studentQuery3 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.GetContactInfo(app, student.ID);
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery3: select range_variable.Method");
foreach (ContactInfo ci in studentQuery3)
{
Console.WriteLine(ci.ToString());
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of ints from
// the internal array inside each Student.
IEnumerable<int> studentQuery4 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Scores[0];
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery4: select range_variable[index]");
foreach (int i in studentQuery4)
{
Console.WriteLine($"First score = {i}");
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of doubles
// that are the result of an expression.
IEnumerable<double> studentQuery5 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Scores[0] * 1.1;
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery5: select expression");
foreach (double d in studentQuery5)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Adjusted first score = {d}");
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of doubles that are
// the result of a method call.
IEnumerable<double> studentQuery6 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Scores.Average();
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery6: select expression2");
foreach (double d in studentQuery6)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Average = {d}");
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of anonymous types
// that contain only two properties from each Student.
var studentQuery7 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select new { student.First, student.Last };
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery7: select new anonymous type");
foreach (var item in studentQuery7)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", item.Last, item.First);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of named objects that contain
// a method return value and a property from each Student.
// Use named types if you need to pass the query variable
// across a method boundary.
IEnumerable<ScoreInfo> studentQuery8 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select new ScoreInfo
{
Average = student.Scores.Average(),
ID = student.ID
};
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery8: select new named type");
foreach (ScoreInfo si in studentQuery8)
{
Console.WriteLine("ID = {0}, Average = {1}", si.ID, si.Average);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of students who appear on a contact list
// and whose average is greater than 85.
IEnumerable<ContactInfo> studentQuery9 =
from student in app.students
where student.Scores.Average() > 85
join ci in app.contactList on student.ID equals ci.ID
select ci;
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery9: select result of join clause");
foreach (ContactInfo ci in studentQuery9)
{
Console.WriteLine("ID = {0}, Email = {1}", ci.ID, ci.Email);
}
}
}
/* Output
Query1: select range_variable
Claire O'Donnell:112
Sven Mortensen:113
Cesar Garcia:114
studentQuery2: select range_variable.Property
O'Donnell
Mortensen
Garcia
studentQuery3: select range_variable.Method
ClaireO@Contoso.com,206-555-0298
SvenMort@Contoso.com,206-555-1130
CesarGar@Contoso.com,206-555-0521
studentQuery4: select range_variable[index]
First score = 75
First score = 88
First score = 97
studentQuery5: select expression
Adjusted first score = 82.5
Adjusted first score = 96.8
Adjusted first score = 106.7
studentQuery6: select expression2
Average = 72.25
Average = 84.5
Average = 88.25
studentQuery7: select new anonymous type
O'Donnell, Claire
Mortensen, Sven
Garcia, Cesar
studentQuery8: select new named type
ID = 112, Average = 72.25
ID = 113, Average = 84.5
ID = 114, Average = 88.25
studentQuery9: select result of join clause
ID = 114, Email = CesarGar@Contoso.com
*/
如 studentQuery8 前例所示，有時你希望回傳序列的元素只包含來源元素屬性的子集。 透過將回傳序列保持最小，可以降低記憶體需求並提升查詢執行速度。 你可以透過在子句中建立匿名型別 select ，並使用物件初始化器，以來源元素的適當屬性初始化來達成這個目標。 如需如何執行此作業的範例，請參閱物件和集合初始設定式。
在編譯時，select 子句會轉換為對 Select 標準查詢運算子的方法呼叫。
