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如何:變更 Managed HTML 文件物件模型中的項目樣式

您可以使用 HTML 中的樣式來控制文件及其元素的外觀。 HtmlDocumentHtmlElement 支援採用下列格式樣式字串的 Style 屬性:

name1:value1;...;nameN:valueN;

這裡是 DIV,其樣式字串會將字型設定為 Arial,並將所有文字設為粗體:

<DIV style="font-face:arial;font-weight:bold;">
Hello, world!
</DIV>

使用 Style 屬性操作樣式的問題在於,新增和移除字串中的個別樣式設定可能會很麻煩。 例如,每當使用者將游標放在 DIV 上方,並在游標離開 DIV 時關閉斜體,您以斜體轉譯先前的文字就會變成複雜的程序。 如果您需要以這種方式操作大量樣式,時間就會成為問題。

下列程序包含程式碼,可用來輕鬆地操作 HTML 文件和元素上的樣式。 此程序需要您知道如何在 Windows Forms 中執行基本工作,例如建立新專案,以及將控制項新增至表單。

若要處理 Windows Forms 應用程式中的樣式變更

  1. 建立新的 Windows Form 專案。

  2. 建立以適用於程式設計語言之副檔名結尾的新類別檔案。

  3. 將本主題 Example 區段中的 StyleGenerator 類別程式碼複製到類別檔案中,然後儲存程式碼。

  4. 將下列 HTML 儲存至名為 Test.htm 的檔案。

    <HTML>
        <BODY>
    
            <DIV style="font-face:arial;font-weight:bold;">
                Hello, world!
            </DIV><P>
    
            <DIV>
                Hello again, world!
            </DIV><P>
    
        </BODY>
    </HTML>
    
  5. 將名為 webBrowser1WebBrowser 控制項新增至專案的主表單。

  6. 將下列程式碼新增至專案的程式碼檔案。

    這很重要

    確定 webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted 事件處理常式已設定為 DocumentCompleted 事件的接聽程式。 在 Visual Studio 中,按兩下 WebBrowser 控制項;在文字編輯器中,以程式設計方式設定接聽程式。

    StyleGenerator sg = null;
    HtmlElement elem = null;
    
    private void webBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(object sender, WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
        sg = new StyleGenerator();
    
        webBrowser1.Document.MouseOver += new HtmlElementEventHandler(Document_MouseOver);
        webBrowser1.Document.MouseLeave += new HtmlElementEventHandler(Document_MouseLeave);
    }
    
    void Document_MouseOver(object sender, HtmlElementEventArgs e)
    {
        elem = webBrowser1.Document.GetElementFromPoint(e.MousePosition);
        if (elem.TagName.Equals("DIV"))
        {
            sg.ParseStyleString(elem.Style);
            sg.SetStyle("font-style", "italic");
            elem.Style = sg.GetStyleString();
        }
    }
    
    void Document_MouseLeave(object sender, HtmlElementEventArgs e)
    {
        if (elem != null)
        {
            sg.RemoveStyle("font-style");
            elem.Style = sg.GetStyleString();
            // Reset, since we may mouse over a new DIV element next time.
            sg.Clear();
        }
    }
    
    Public Class Form1
    
        Dim SG As StyleGenerator = Nothing
        Dim Elem As HtmlElement = Nothing
        Dim WithEvents DocumentEvents As HtmlDocument
    
        Private Sub WebBrowser1_DocumentCompleted(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs) Handles WebBrowser1.DocumentCompleted
            SG = New StyleGenerator()
            DocumentEvents = WebBrowser1.Document
        End Sub
    
        Private Sub Document_MouseOver(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As HtmlElementEventArgs) Handles DocumentEvents.MouseOver
            Elem = WebBrowser1.Document.GetElementFromPoint(e.MousePosition)
            If Elem.TagName.Equals("DIV") Then
                SG.ParseStyleString(Elem.Style)
                SG.SetStyle("font-style", "italic")
                Elem.Style = SG.GetStyleString()
            End If
        End Sub
    
        Private Sub Document_MouseLeave(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As HtmlElementEventArgs) Handles DocumentEvents.MouseLeave
            If (Elem IsNot Nothing) Then
                SG.RemoveStyle("font-style")
                Elem.Style = SG.GetStyleString()
                ' Reset, since we may mouse over a new DIV element next time.
                SG.Clear()
            End If
        End Sub
    End Class
    
  7. 執行專案。 在第一個 DIV 上方執行游標,以觀察程式碼的效果。

範例

下列程式碼範例顯示 StyleGenerator 類別的完整程式碼,其會剖析現有的樣式值、支援新增、變更和移除樣式,以及傳回具有要求變更的新樣式值。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ManagedDOMStyles
{
    public class StyleGenerator
    {
        private Dictionary<string, string> styleDB;

        public StyleGenerator()
        {
            styleDB = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        }

        public bool ContainsStyle(string name)
        {
            return(styleDB.ContainsKey(name));
        }

        public string SetStyle(string name, string value)
        {
            string oldValue = "";

            if (!(name.Length > 0))
            {
                throw (new ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length."));
            }
            if (!(value.Length > 0))
            {
                throw (new ArgumentException("Parameter value cannot be zero-length."));
            }

            if (styleDB.ContainsKey(name))
            {
                oldValue = styleDB[name];
            }

            styleDB[name] = value;

            return (oldValue);
        }

        public string GetStyle(string name)
        {
            if (!(name.Length > 0))
            {
                throw (new ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length."));
            }

            if (styleDB.ContainsKey(name))
            {
                return (styleDB[name]);
            }
            else
            {
                return ("");
            }
        }

        public void RemoveStyle(string name)
        {
            if (styleDB.ContainsKey(name))
            {
                styleDB.Remove(name);
            }
        }

        public string GetStyleString()
        {
            if (styleDB.Count > 0)
            {
                StringBuilder styleString = new StringBuilder("");
                foreach (string key in styleDB.Keys)
                {
                    styleString.Append(String.Format("{0}:{1};", (object)key, (object)styleDB[key]));
                }

                return (styleString.ToString());
            }
            else
            {
                return ("");
            }
        }

        public void ParseStyleString(string styles)
        {
            if (styles.Length > 0)
            {
                string[] stylePairs = styles.Split(new char[] { ';' });
                foreach(string stylePair in stylePairs)
                {
                    if (stylePairs.Length > 0)
                    {
                        string[] styleNameValue = stylePair.Split(new char[] { ':' });
                        if (styleNameValue.Length == 2)
                        {
                            styleDB[styleNameValue[0]] = styleNameValue[1];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void Clear()
        {
            styleDB.Clear();
        }
    }
}
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text

Public Class StyleGenerator
    Dim styleDB As Dictionary(Of String, String)

    Public Sub New()
        styleDB = New Dictionary(Of String, String)()
    End Sub


    Public Function ContainsStyle(ByVal name As String) As Boolean
        Return styleDB.ContainsKey(name)
    End Function


    Public Function SetStyle(ByVal name As String, ByVal value As String) As String
        Dim oldValue As String = ""

        If (Not name.Length > 0) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length.")
        End If
        If (Not value.Length > 0) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException("Parameter value cannot be zero-length.")
        End If

        If (styleDB.ContainsKey(name)) Then
            oldValue = styleDB(name)
        End If

        styleDB(name) = value

        Return oldValue
    End Function

    Public Function GetStyle(ByVal name As String) As String
        If (Not name.Length > 0) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException("Parameter name cannot be zero-length.")
        End If

        If (styleDB.ContainsKey(name)) Then
            Return styleDB(name)
        Else
            Return ""
        End If
    End Function

    Public Sub RemoveStyle(ByVal name As String)
        If (styleDB.ContainsKey(name)) Then
            styleDB.Remove(name)
        End If
    End Sub

    Public Function GetStyleString() As String
        If (styleDB.Count > 0) Then
            Dim styleString As New StringBuilder("")
            Dim key As String
            For Each key In styleDB.Keys
                styleString.Append(String.Format("{0}:{1};", CType(key, Object), CType(styleDB(key), Object)))
            Next key

            Return styleString.ToString()
        Else
            Return ""
        End If
    End Function

    Public Sub ParseStyleString(ByVal styles As String)
        If (styles.Length) > 0 Then
            Dim stylePairs As String() = styles.Split(New Char() {";"c})
            Dim stylePair As String
            For Each stylePair In stylePairs
                If (stylePairs.Length > 0) Then
                    Dim styleNameValue As String() = stylePair.Split(New Char() {":"c})
                    If (styleNameValue.Length = 2) Then
                        styleDB(styleNameValue(0)) = styleNameValue(1)
                    End If
                End If
            Next stylePair
        End If
    End Sub


    Public Sub Clear()
        styleDB.Clear()
    End Sub
End Class

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