如何：使用反映檢查和具現化泛型型別

發行項
04/01/2024

取得泛型型別相關資訊的方式和取得其他類型相關資訊的方式一樣：檢查代表泛型型別的 Type 物件。主要差異是泛型型別有代表其泛型型別參數的 Type 物件清單。本節的第一個程序是檢查泛型型別。

您可以將型別引數繫結至泛型型別定義的型別參數，建立代表建構類型的 Type 物件。第二個程序即示範此作業。

檢查泛型型別及其型別參數

取得表示泛型型別的 Type 執行個體。在下列程式碼中，類型是使用 C# typeof 運算子取得 (Visual Basic 為 GetType，Visual C++ 為 typeid)。請參閱 Type 類別主題了解取得 Type 物件的其他方法。請注意，在此程序的其餘部分中，類型是包含在名為 t 的方法參數中。
```
Type^ d1 = Dictionary::typeid;
```
```
Type d1 = typeof(Dictionary<,>);
```
```
Dim d1 As Type = GetType(Dictionary(Of ,))
```

使用 IsGenericType 屬性判斷類型是否為泛型，使用 IsGenericTypeDefinition 屬性判斷類型是否為泛型型別定義。

Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
    t->IsGenericType);
Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
    t->IsGenericTypeDefinition);

Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
    t.IsGenericType);
Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
    t.IsGenericTypeDefinition);

Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? " _
    & t.IsGenericType)
Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? " _
    & t.IsGenericTypeDefinition)

使用 GetGenericArguments 方法取得包含泛型型別引數的陣列。

array<Type^>^ typeParameters = t->GetGenericArguments();

Type[] typeParameters = t.GetGenericArguments();

Dim typeParameters() As Type = t.GetGenericArguments()

每個型別引數都要使用 IsGenericParameter 屬性判斷它是型別參數 (例如，在泛型型別定義中)，還是已針對型別參數指定的類型 (例如，在建構的類型中)。

Console::WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
    typeParameters->Length);
for each( Type^ tParam in typeParameters )
{
    if (tParam->IsGenericParameter)
    {
        DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
    }
    else
    {
        Console::WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
            tParam);
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
    typeParameters.Length);
foreach( Type tParam in typeParameters )
{
    if (tParam.IsGenericParameter)
    {
        DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
            tParam);
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:", _
    typeParameters.Length)
For Each tParam As Type In typeParameters
    If tParam.IsGenericParameter Then
        DisplayGenericParameter(tParam)
    Else
        Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}", _
            tParam)
    End If
Next

在型別系統中，泛型型別參數是由 Type 執行個體表示，就像一般的類型一樣。下列程式碼會顯示表示泛型型別參數之 Type 物件的名稱和參數位置。參數位置在此為一般的資訊，但當您檢查曾用為其他泛型型別之型別引數的型別參數時，它就很有意思了。

static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type^ tp)
{
    Console::WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
        tp->Name, tp->GenericParameterPosition);

private static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type tp)
{
    Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
        tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition);

Private Shared Sub DisplayGenericParameter(ByVal tp As Type)
    Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}", _
        tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition)

使用 GetGenericParameterConstraints 方法取得單一陣列中的所有條件約束，來判斷泛型型別參數的基底類型條件約束和介面條件約束。條件約束不保證任何特定順序。

Type^ classConstraint = nullptr;

for each(Type^ iConstraint in tp->GetGenericParameterConstraints())
{
    if (iConstraint->IsInterface)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
            iConstraint);
    }
}

if (classConstraint != nullptr)
{
    Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
        tp->BaseType);
}
else
    Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");

Type classConstraint = null;

foreach(Type iConstraint in tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints())
{
    if (iConstraint.IsInterface)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
            iConstraint);
    }
}

if (classConstraint != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
        tp.BaseType);
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");
}

Dim classConstraint As Type = Nothing

For Each iConstraint As Type In tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints()
    If iConstraint.IsInterface Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}", _
            iConstraint)
    End If
Next

If classConstraint IsNot Nothing Then
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}", _
        tp.BaseType)
Else
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None")
End If

使用 GenericParameterAttributes 屬性探索型別參數上的特殊條件約束，例如需要它為參考型別。屬性也包含代表差異的值，您可以關閉遮罩，如下列程式碼所示。

GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
    tp->GenericParameterAttributes &
    GenericParameterAttributes::SpecialConstraintMask;

GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
    tp.GenericParameterAttributes &
    GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask;

Dim sConstraints As GenericParameterAttributes = _
    tp.GenericParameterAttributes And _
    GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask

特殊條件約束屬性是旗標，而不代表任何特殊條件約束的相同旗標 (GenericParameterAttributes.None)，也不代表任何共變數或反變數。因此，若要測試任一條件，您必須使用適當的遮罩。本例使用 GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask 隔離特殊條件約束旗標。

if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes::None)
{
    Console::WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
}
else
{
    if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes::DefaultConstructorConstraint))
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes::ReferenceTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes::NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
    }
}

if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes.None)
{
    Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
}
else
{
    if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
    }
}

If sConstraints = GenericParameterAttributes.None Then
    Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.")
Else
    If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
        GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint) Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.")
    End If
    If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
        GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint) Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.")
    End If
    If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
        GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint) Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.")
    End If
End If

建構泛型類型的實例

泛型型別就像範本。除非指定其泛型型別參數的真實類型，否則無法建立它的執行個體。若要在執行階段使用反映執行這項操作，需要 MakeGenericType 方法。

取得表示泛型型別的 Type 物件。下列程式碼以兩種方式取得泛型型別 Dictionary<TKey,TValue>：使用 Type.GetType(String) 方法多載及描述類型的字串，以及在建構的類型 Dictionary\<String, Example>(Visual Basic 為 Dictionary(Of String, Example)) 上呼叫 GetGenericTypeDefinition 方法。 MakeGenericType 方法需要泛型型別定義。

// Use the typeid keyword to create the generic type
// definition directly.
Type^ d1 = Dictionary::typeid;

// You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
// constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
// is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
Dictionary<String^, Example^>^ d2 = gcnew Dictionary<String^, Example^>();
// Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
// and from that get the generic type definition. The
// variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
Type^ d3 = d2->GetType();
Type^ d4 = d3->GetGenericTypeDefinition();

// Use the typeof operator to create the generic type
// definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
// omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
// them.
Type d1 = typeof(Dictionary<,>);

// You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
// constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
// is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
Dictionary<string, Example> d2 = new Dictionary<string, Example>();
// Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
// and from that get the generic type definition. The
// variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
Type d3 = d2.GetType();
Type d4 = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition();

' Use the GetType operator to create the generic type 
' definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
' omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
' them.
Dim d1 As Type = GetType(Dictionary(Of ,))

' You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
' constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
' is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
Dim d2 As New Dictionary(Of String, Example)
' Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
' and from that get the generic type definition. The 
' variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
Dim d3 As Type = d2.GetType()
Dim d4 As Type = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition()

建構型別引數陣列來替代型別參數。陣列必須包含正確的 Type 物件數，依型別參數清單中的出現順序排序。本例中的索引鍵 (第一個型別參數) 類型是 String，字典中的值則是名為 Example 的類別執行個體。
```
array<Type^>^ typeArgs = {String::typeid, Example::typeid};
```
```
Type[] typeArgs = {typeof(string), typeof(Example)};
```
```
Dim typeArgs() As Type = _
    {GetType(String), GetType(Example)}
```

呼叫 MakeGenericType 方法將型別引數繫結至型別參數，並建構類型。

Type^ constructed = d1->MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

Type constructed = d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

Dim constructed As Type = _
    d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs)

使用 CreateInstance(Type) 方法多載來建立建構類型的物件。下列程式碼會將 Example 類別的兩個執行個體儲存在產生的 Dictionary<String, Example> 物件中。
```
Object^ o = Activator::CreateInstance(constructed);
```
```
object o = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed);
```
```
Dim o As Object = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed)
```

範例

下列程式碼範例會定義 DisplayGenericType 方法，檢查程式碼中的泛型型別定義和建構的類型，並顯示其相關資訊。 DisplayGenericType 方法示範如何使用 IsGenericType、IsGenericParameter 和 GenericParameterPosition 屬性以及 GetGenericArguments 方法。

此範例也會定義 DisplayGenericParameter 方法，檢查泛型型別參數，並顯示其條件約束。

程式碼範例會定義一組測試類型，包括說明型別參數條件約束的泛型型別，以及示範如何顯示這些類型的相關資訊。

此範例會建立型別引數陣列並呼叫 MakeGenericType 方法，從 Dictionary<TKey,TValue> 類別建構類型。程式會比較使用 MakeGenericType 建構的 Type 物件和使用 typeof (Visual Basic 為 GetType) 取得的 Type 物件，示範它們是一樣的。同樣地，程式會使用 GetGenericTypeDefinition 方法取得建構類型的泛型型別定義，和代表 Dictionary<TKey,TValue> 類別的 Type 物件相比較。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;

// Define an example interface.
public interface class ITestArgument {};

// Define an example base class.
public ref class TestBase {};

// Define a generic class with one parameter. The parameter
// has three constraints: It must inherit TestBase, it must
// implement ITestArgument, and it must have a parameterless
// constructor.

generic<class T>
    where T : TestBase, ITestArgument, gcnew()
public ref class Test {};

// Define a class that meets the constraints on the type
// parameter of class Test.
public ref class TestArgument : TestBase, ITestArgument
{
public:
    TestArgument() {}
};

public ref class Example
{
    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type.
private:
    static void DisplayGenericType(Type^ t)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("\r\n {0}", t);
        Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
            t->IsGenericType);
        Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
            t->IsGenericTypeDefinition);

        // Get the generic type parameters or type arguments.
        array<Type^>^ typeParameters = t->GetGenericArguments();

        Console::WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
            typeParameters->Length);
        for each( Type^ tParam in typeParameters )
        {
            if (tParam->IsGenericParameter)
            {
                DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
            }
            else
            {
                Console::WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
                    tParam);
            }
        }
    }

    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type parameter. Generic type parameters are represented by
    // instances of System.Type, just like ordinary types.
    static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type^ tp)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
            tp->Name, tp->GenericParameterPosition);

        Type^ classConstraint = nullptr;

        for each(Type^ iConstraint in tp->GetGenericParameterConstraints())
        {
            if (iConstraint->IsInterface)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
                    iConstraint);
            }
        }

        if (classConstraint != nullptr)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
                tp->BaseType);
        }
        else
            Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");

        GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
            tp->GenericParameterAttributes &
            GenericParameterAttributes::SpecialConstraintMask;

        if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes::None)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
        }
        else
        {
            if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes::DefaultConstructorConstraint))
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes::ReferenceTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes::NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
            }
        }
    }

public:
    [PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction::Demand, Name="FullTrust")]
    static void Main()
    {
        // Two ways to get a Type object that represents the generic
        // type definition of the Dictionary class.
        //
        // Use the typeid keyword to create the generic type
        // definition directly.
        Type^ d1 = Dictionary::typeid;

        // You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
        // constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
        // is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
        Dictionary<String^, Example^>^ d2 = gcnew Dictionary<String^, Example^>();
        // Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
        // and from that get the generic type definition. The
        // variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
        Type^ d3 = d2->GetType();
        Type^ d4 = d3->GetGenericTypeDefinition();

        // Display information for the generic type definition, and
        // for the constructed type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        DisplayGenericType(d1);
        DisplayGenericType(d2->GetType());

        // Construct an array of type arguments to substitute for
        // the type parameters of the generic Dictionary class.
        // The array must contain the correct number of types, in
        // the same order that they appear in the type parameter
        // list of Dictionary. The key (first type parameter)
        // is of type string, and the type to be contained in the
        // dictionary is Example.
        array<Type^>^ typeArgs = {String::typeid, Example::typeid};

        // Construct the type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        Type^ constructed = d1->MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

        DisplayGenericType(constructed);

        Object^ o = Activator::CreateInstance(constructed);

        Console::WriteLine("\r\nCompare types obtained by different methods:");
        Console::WriteLine("   Are the constructed types equal? {0}",
            (d2->GetType()==constructed));
        Console::WriteLine("   Are the generic definitions equal? {0}",
            (d1==constructed->GetGenericTypeDefinition()));

        // Demonstrate the DisplayGenericType and
        // DisplayGenericParameter methods with the Test class
        // defined above. This shows base, interface, and special
        // constraints.
        DisplayGenericType(Test::typeid);
    }
};

int main()
{
    Example::Main();
}

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Collections.Generic;

// Define an example interface.
public interface ITestArgument {}

// Define an example base class.
public class TestBase {}

// Define a generic class with one parameter. The parameter
// has three constraints: It must inherit TestBase, it must
// implement ITestArgument, and it must have a parameterless
// constructor.
public class Test<T> where T : TestBase, ITestArgument, new() {}

// Define a class that meets the constraints on the type
// parameter of class Test.
public class TestArgument : TestBase, ITestArgument
{
    public TestArgument() {}
}

public class Example
{
    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type.
    private static void DisplayGenericType(Type t)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\r\n {0}", t);
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
            t.IsGenericType);
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
            t.IsGenericTypeDefinition);

        // Get the generic type parameters or type arguments.
        Type[] typeParameters = t.GetGenericArguments();

        Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
            typeParameters.Length);
        foreach( Type tParam in typeParameters )
        {
            if (tParam.IsGenericParameter)
            {
                DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
                    tParam);
            }
        }
    }

    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type parameter. Generic type parameters are represented by
    // instances of System.Type, just like ordinary types.
    private static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type tp)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
            tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition);

        Type classConstraint = null;

        foreach(Type iConstraint in tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints())
        {
            if (iConstraint.IsInterface)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
                    iConstraint);
            }
        }

        if (classConstraint != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
                tp.BaseType);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");
        }

        GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
            tp.GenericParameterAttributes &
            GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask;

        if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes.None)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
        }
        else
        {
            if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
            }
        }
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // Two ways to get a Type object that represents the generic
        // type definition of the Dictionary class.
        //
        // Use the typeof operator to create the generic type
        // definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
        // omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
        // them.
        Type d1 = typeof(Dictionary<,>);

        // You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
        // constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
        // is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
        Dictionary<string, Example> d2 = new Dictionary<string, Example>();
        // Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
        // and from that get the generic type definition. The
        // variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
        Type d3 = d2.GetType();
        Type d4 = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition();

        // Display information for the generic type definition, and
        // for the constructed type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        DisplayGenericType(d1);
        DisplayGenericType(d2.GetType());

        // Construct an array of type arguments to substitute for
        // the type parameters of the generic Dictionary class.
        // The array must contain the correct number of types, in
        // the same order that they appear in the type parameter
        // list of Dictionary. The key (first type parameter)
        // is of type string, and the type to be contained in the
        // dictionary is Example.
        Type[] typeArgs = {typeof(string), typeof(Example)};

        // Construct the type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        Type constructed = d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

        DisplayGenericType(constructed);

        object o = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed);

        Console.WriteLine("\r\nCompare types obtained by different methods:");
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the constructed types equal? {0}",
            (d2.GetType()==constructed));
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the generic definitions equal? {0}",
            (d1==constructed.GetGenericTypeDefinition()));

        // Demonstrate the DisplayGenericType and
        // DisplayGenericParameter methods with the Test class
        // defined above. This shows base, interface, and special
        // constraints.
        DisplayGenericType(typeof(Test<>));
    }
}

Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Collections.Generic

' Define an example interface.
Public Interface ITestArgument
End Interface

' Define an example base class.
Public Class TestBase
End Class

' Define a generic class with one parameter. The parameter
' has three constraints: It must inherit TestBase, it must
' implement ITestArgument, and it must have a parameterless
' constructor.
Public Class Test(Of T As {TestBase, ITestArgument, New})
End Class

' Define a class that meets the constraints on the type
' parameter of class Test.
Public Class TestArgument
    Inherits TestBase
    Implements ITestArgument
    Public Sub New()
    End Sub
End Class

Public Class Example
    ' The following method displays information about a generic
    ' type.
    Private Shared Sub DisplayGenericType(ByVal t As Type)
        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & t.ToString())
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? " _
            & t.IsGenericType)
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? " _
            & t.IsGenericTypeDefinition)

        ' Get the generic type parameters or type arguments.
        Dim typeParameters() As Type = t.GetGenericArguments()

        Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:", _
            typeParameters.Length)
        For Each tParam As Type In typeParameters
            If tParam.IsGenericParameter Then
                DisplayGenericParameter(tParam)
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}", _
                    tParam)
            End If
        Next
    End Sub

    ' The following method displays information about a generic
    ' type parameter. Generic type parameters are represented by
    ' instances of System.Type, just like ordinary types.
    Private Shared Sub DisplayGenericParameter(ByVal tp As Type)
        Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}", _
            tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition)

        Dim classConstraint As Type = Nothing

        For Each iConstraint As Type In tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints()
            If iConstraint.IsInterface Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}", _
                    iConstraint)
            End If
        Next

        If classConstraint IsNot Nothing Then
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}", _
                tp.BaseType)
        Else
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None")
        End If

        Dim sConstraints As GenericParameterAttributes = _
            tp.GenericParameterAttributes And _
            GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask
        If sConstraints = GenericParameterAttributes.None Then
            Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.")
        Else
            If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
                GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint) Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.")
            End If
            If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
                GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint) Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.")
            End If
            If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
                GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint) Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.")
            End If
        End If
    End Sub

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Two ways to get a Type object that represents the generic
        ' type definition of the Dictionary class. 
        '
        ' Use the GetType operator to create the generic type 
        ' definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
        ' omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
        ' them.
        Dim d1 As Type = GetType(Dictionary(Of ,))

        ' You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
        ' constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
        ' is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
        Dim d2 As New Dictionary(Of String, Example)
        ' Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
        ' and from that get the generic type definition. The 
        ' variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
        Dim d3 As Type = d2.GetType()
        Dim d4 As Type = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition()

        ' Display information for the generic type definition, and
        ' for the constructed type Dictionary(Of String, Example).
        DisplayGenericType(d1)
        DisplayGenericType(d2.GetType())

        ' Construct an array of type arguments to substitute for 
        ' the type parameters of the generic Dictionary class.
        ' The array must contain the correct number of types, in 
        ' the same order that they appear in the type parameter 
        ' list of Dictionary. The key (first type parameter)
        ' is of type string, and the type to be contained in the
        ' dictionary is Example.
        Dim typeArgs() As Type = _
            {GetType(String), GetType(Example)}

        ' Construct the type Dictionary(Of String, Example).
        Dim constructed As Type = _
            d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs)

        DisplayGenericType(constructed)

        Dim o As Object = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed)

        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & _
            "Compare types obtained by different methods:")
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the constructed types equal? " _
            & (d2.GetType() Is constructed))
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the generic definitions equal? " _
            & (d1 Is constructed.GetGenericTypeDefinition()))

        ' Demonstrate the DisplayGenericType and 
        ' DisplayGenericParameter methods with the Test class 
        ' defined above. This shows base, interface, and special
        ' constraints.
        DisplayGenericType(GetType(Test(Of )))
    End Sub
End Class

如何：使用反映檢查和具現化泛型型別

檢查泛型型別及其型別參數

建構泛型類型的實例

範例

另請參閱

意見反應

其他資源