作法：在可靠的工作階段內交換訊息

發行項
05/22/2023

本主題概要說明透過其中一個系統提供的繫結啟用可靠工作階段 (此繫結支援此類工作階段，但非預設) 所需的步驟。您可以透過命令式程式碼或是宣告式組態檔，來啟用可靠工作階段。本程序透過用戶端組態檔與服務組態檔來啟用可靠工作階段，並規定訊息以當初傳送的相同順序依序抵達。

此程序的重要部分在於端點設定元素包含bindingConfiguration屬性，而此屬性參考了名為Binding1的繫結設定。 <繫結>設定元素會參考這個名稱，藉由<reliableSession>元素的enabled屬性設定為true來啟用可靠的工作階段。您可以將 ordered 屬性設為 true，為可靠工作階段指定依序傳遞保證。

如需這個範例的來源複本，請參閱 WS 可靠工作階段。

將包含 WSHttpBinding 的服務設為使用可靠工作階段

定義服務類型的服務合約。

[ServiceContract]
public interface ICalculator
{
    [OperationContract]
    double Add(double n1, double n2);
    [OperationContract]
    double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
    [OperationContract]
    double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
    [OperationContract]
    double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}

在服務類別中實作服務合約。請注意，服務的實作內並未指定位址或繫結資訊。您不需要撰寫程式碼，即可從組態檔擷取位址或繫結資訊。

public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
    public double Add(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return n1 + n2;
    }
    public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return n1 - n2;
    }
    public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return n1 * n2;
    }
    public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return n1 / n2;
    }
}

建立 Web.config 檔案為CalculatorService設定端點，這個端點會使用已啟用可靠工作階段並要求訊息依序傳遞的WSHttpBinding。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>

    <services>
      <service name="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.CalculatorService">

        <!--
             This endpoint is exposed at the base address provided by
             host: http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc

             Specify wsHttpBinding binding and a binding configuration
             to use
        -->
        <endpoint address=""
                  binding="wsHttpBinding"
                  bindingConfiguration="Binding1"
                  contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />

        <!--
          The mex endpoint is exposed at
          http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc/mex
        -->
        <endpoint address="mex"
                  binding="mexHttpBinding"
                  contract="IMetadataExchange" />
      </service>
    </services>

    <!--
         Configures WSHttpBinding for reliable sessions with ordered
         delivery.
    -->
    <bindings>
      <wsHttpBinding>
        <binding name="Binding1">
          <reliableSession enabled="true" ordered="true" />
        </binding>
      </wsHttpBinding>
    </bindings>

  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

建立包含此行的 Service.svc 檔案：

<%@ServiceHost language=c# Service="CalculatorService" %>

將 Service.svc 檔放入您的網際網路資訊服務 (IIS) 虛擬目錄中。

將包含 WSHttpBinding 的用戶端設為使用可靠工作階段

從命令列使用 ServiceModel 中繼資料公用程式工具 (Svcutil.exe)，可從服務中繼資料產生程式碼：
```
Svcutil.exe <service's Metadata Exchange (MEX) address or HTTP GET address>
```

所產生的用戶端會包含ICalculator介面，其中定義了用戶端實作所必須滿足的服務合約。

//Generated interface defining the ICalculator contract	
[System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(
Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples",
ConfigurationName="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator")]
public interface ICalculator
{
    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add",
    ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/AddResponse")]
    double Add(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract",
    ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/SubtractResponse")]
    double Subtract(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Multiply",
    ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/MultiplyResponse")]
    double Multiply(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
    Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Divide",
    ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/DivideResponse")]
    double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}

產生的用戶端應用程式也包含 ClientCalculator 的實作。請注意，服務的實作內部並未指定位址和繫結資訊。您不需要撰寫程式碼，即可從組態檔擷取位址或繫結資訊。

// Implementation of the CalculatorClient
public partial class CalculatorClient :
    System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator>,
    Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator
{
    public CalculatorClient()
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName) :
        base(endpointConfigurationName)
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, string remoteAddress) :
        base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName,
        System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
        base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding binding,
        System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
        base(binding, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public double Add(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Add(n1, n2);
    }

    public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Subtract(n1, n2);
    }

    public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Multiply(n1, n2);
    }

    public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Divide(n1, n2);
    }
}

Svcutil.exe 也會為使用WSHttpBinding類別的用戶端產生設定。使用 Visual Studio 時，將組態檔命名為 App.config。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>

    <client>
      <!-- 
        Specify wsHttpBinding binding and a binding configuration 
        to use
      -->
      <endpoint 
          address="http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc" 
          binding="wsHttpBinding" 
          bindingConfiguration="Binding1" 
          contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />
    </client>

    <!-- 
      Configures WSHttpBinding for reliable sessions with ordered 
      delivery
    -->
    <bindings>
      <wsHttpBinding>
        <binding name="Binding1">
          <reliableSession enabled="true" ordered="true" />
        </binding>
      </wsHttpBinding>
    </bindings>

  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

在應用程式內建立ClientCalculator的執行個體，並呼叫服務作業。

//Client implementation code.
class Client
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create a client with given client endpoint configuration
        CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient();

        // Call the Add service operation.
        double value1 = 100.00D;
        double value2 = 15.99D;
        double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
        Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

        // Call the Subtract service operation.
        value1 = 145.00D;
        value2 = 76.54D;
        result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
        Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

        // Call the Multiply service operation.
        value1 = 9.00D;
        value2 = 81.25D;
        result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
        Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

        // Call the Divide service operation.
        value1 = 22.00D;
        value2 = 7.00D;
        result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
        Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

        //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources
        client.Close();

        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

請編譯並執行用戶端。

範例

好幾個系統提供的繫結預設都支援可靠工作階段。包括：

如需如何建立支援可靠工作階段的自訂繫結範例，請參閱HOW TO：使用 HTTPS 建立自訂可靠工作階段繫結。

另請參閱

可靠工作階段

共用方式為

作法：在可靠的工作階段內交換訊息

將包含 WSHttpBinding 的服務設為使用可靠工作階段

將包含 WSHttpBinding 的用戶端設為使用可靠工作階段

範例

另請參閱

其他資源