System.Console 類別
本文提供此 API 參考文件的補充備註。
主控台是作業系統視窗，用戶可透過電腦鍵盤輸入文字輸入，以及從電腦終端機讀取文字輸出，來與操作系統或以文字為基礎的控制台應用程式互動。 例如，在 Windows 作業系統中，控制台稱為命令提示字元視窗，並接受 MS-DOS 命令。 類別 Console 提供從主控台讀取字元和寫入字元的應用程式的基本支援。
控制台 I/O 數據流
當主控台應用程式啟動時，操作系統會自動將三個 I/O 資料流與控制台產生關聯：標準輸入資料流、標準輸出資料流和標準錯誤輸出數據流。 您的應用程式可以從標準輸入數據流讀取用戶輸入;將一般數據寫入標準輸出數據流;並將錯誤數據寫入標準錯誤輸出數據流。 這些數據流會以、 Console.Out和 Console.Error 屬性的值Console.In呈現給您的應用程式。
根據預設，屬性的值是System.IO.TextReader代表鍵盤的物件In，而 和 Error 屬性的值Out則是System.IO.TextWriter代表主控台視窗的物件。 不過，您可以將這些屬性設定為不代表主控台視窗或鍵盤的數據流;例如，您可以將這些屬性設定為代表檔案的數據流。 若要重新導向標準輸入、標準輸出或標準錯誤數據流，請分別呼叫 Console.SetIn、 Console.SetOut或 Console.SetError 方法。 使用這些數據流的 I/O 作業會同步處理，這表示多個線程可以讀取或寫入數據流。 這表示，如果物件代表主控台數據流，通常異步的方法，例如 TextReader.ReadLineAsync，會同步執行。
注意
請勿使用 類別 Console 在自動應用程式中顯示輸出，例如伺服器應用程式。 對方法的呼叫，例如 Console.Write 和 Console.WriteLine 在 GUI 應用程式中沒有任何作用。
Console 當基礎數據流導向控制台時正常運作的類別成員，如果數據流重新導向至檔案，可能會擲回例外狀況。 如果您重新導向標準數據流，請設計應用程式以攔截 System.IO.IOException 例外狀況。 您也可以使用 IsOutputRedirected、 IsInputRedirected和 IsErrorRedirected 屬性來判斷在執行擲回 System.IO.IOException 例外狀況的作業之前，是否要重新導向標準數據流。
有時候，明確呼叫 、 Out和 Error 屬性所In表示之數據流對象的成員會很有用。 例如，根據預設，方法 Console.ReadLine 會從標準輸入數據流讀取輸入。 同樣地，方法會將 Console.WriteLine 數據寫入標準輸出數據流，而數據後面接著默認行終止字串，可在 中找到 Environment.NewLine。 不過，類別 Console 不會提供對應的方法將數據寫入標準錯誤輸出數據流，或屬性來變更寫入該數據流之數據的行終止字串。
您可以將 或 Error 屬性的 Out 屬性設定TextWriter.NewLine為另一個行終止字串，以解決此問題。 例如，下列 C# 語句會將標準錯誤輸出資料流的行終止字串設定為兩個歸位字元和換行字元序列：
Console.Error.NewLine = "\r\n\r\n";
然後，您可以明確地呼叫 WriteLine 錯誤輸出數據流物件的 方法，如下列 C# 語句所示：
Console.Error.WriteLine();
屏幕緩衝區和控制台視窗
主控台有兩個密切相關的功能是螢幕緩衝區和控制台視窗。 文字實際上是從控制台擁有的數據流讀取或寫入數據流，但似乎是從控制台讀取或寫入控制台所擁有的區域，稱為螢幕緩衝區。 屏幕緩衝區是控制台的屬性，而且會組織成數據列和數據行的矩形方格，其中每個方格交集或字元儲存格可以包含字元。 每個字元都有自己的前景色彩，而且每個字元儲存格都有自己的背景色彩。
屏幕緩衝區是透過稱為主控台視窗的矩形區域來檢視。 主控台視窗是主控台的另一個屬性;它不是主控台本身，也就是作業系統視窗。 控制台視窗會排列在數據列和數據行中，小於或等於螢幕緩衝區的大小，並可移動以檢視基礎畫面緩衝區的不同區域。 如果螢幕緩衝區大於控制台視窗，控制台會自動顯示滾動條，讓控制台視窗可以重新置放到螢幕緩衝區區域。
游標表示目前讀取或寫入文字的屏幕緩衝區位置。 游標可以隱藏或變成可見，而且可以變更其高度。 如果顯示游標，主控台視窗位置會自動移動，因此游標一律處於檢視中。
屏幕緩衝區中字元儲存格座標的原點為左上角，而游標和控制台視窗的位置會相對於該原點來測量。 使用以零起始的索引來指定位置;也就是說，將最上層數據列指定為第0列，並將最左邊的數據行指定為資料行0。 資料列與資料列索引的最大值為 Int16.MaxValue。
主控台的 Unicode 支援
一般而言，主控台會使用預設定義的目前控制台代碼頁來讀取輸入並寫入輸出。 代碼頁只能處理可用 Unicode 字元的子集，因此，如果您嘗試顯示特定代碼頁未對應的字元，控制台將無法顯示所有字元或正確表示字元。 下列範例說明此問題。 它會嘗試顯示從U+0410到U+044F到主控台的斯拉夫字母字元。 如果您在使用主控台代碼頁 437 的系統上執行此範例，則每個字元都會以問號 （？） 取代，因為斯拉夫字元不會對應至代碼頁 437 中的字元。
using System;
public class Example3
{
public static void Main()
{
// Create a Char array for the modern Cyrillic alphabet,
// from U+0410 to U+044F.
int nChars = 0x044F - 0x0410 + 1;
char[] chars = new char[nChars];
ushort codePoint = 0x0410;
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < chars.Length; ctr++)
{
chars[ctr] = (char)codePoint;
codePoint++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Current code page: {0}\n",
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage);
// Display the characters.
foreach (var ch in chars)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", ch);
if (Console.CursorLeft >= 70)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Current code page: 437
//
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
' Create a Char array for the modern Cyrillic alphabet,
' from U+0410 to U+044F.
Dim nChars As Integer = &h44F - &h0410
Dim chars(nChars) As Char
Dim codePoint As UInt16 = &h0410
For ctr As Integer = 0 To chars.Length - 1
chars(ctr) = ChrW(codePoint)
codePoint += CType(1, UShort)
Next
Console.WriteLine("Current code page: {0}",
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage)
Console.WriteLine()
' Display the characters.
For Each ch In chars
Console.Write("{0} ", ch)
If Console.CursorLeft >= 70 Then Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' Current code page: 437
'
' ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
' ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
' ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
open System
// Create a char List for the modern Cyrillic alphabet,
// from U+0410 to U+044F.
let chars =
[ for codePoint in 0x0410 .. 0x044F do
Convert.ToChar codePoint ]
printfn "Current code page: %i\n" Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage
// Display the characters.
for ch in chars do
printf "%c " ch
if Console.CursorLeft >= 70 then Console.WriteLine()
// The example displays the following output:
// Current code page: 437
//
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
// ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
除了支援代碼頁之外，類別 Console 還支持類別的 UTF8Encoding UTF-8編碼。 從 .NET Framework 4.5 開始，類別 Console 也支持類別的 UnicodeEncoding UTF-16 編碼。 若要向主控台顯示 Unicode 字元。 您會將 OutputEncoding 屬性設定為 UTF8Encoding 或 UnicodeEncoding。
支援 Unicode 字元需要編碼器才能辨識特定的 Unicode 字元，而且也需要具有轉譯該字元所需的字元字型。 若要成功將 Unicode 字元顯示至主控台，控制台字型必須設定為非點陣或 TrueType 字型，例如 Consolas 或 Lucida Console。 下列範例示範如何以程序設計方式將字型從點陣字型變更為 Lucida 控制台。
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
public class Example2
{
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(
IntPtr consoleOutput,
bool maximumWindow,
ref CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX lpConsoleCurrentFontEx);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(
IntPtr consoleOutput,
bool maximumWindow,
CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX consoleCurrentFontEx);
private const int STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11;
private const int TMPF_TRUETYPE = 4;
private const int LF_FACESIZE = 32;
private static IntPtr INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = new IntPtr(-1);
public static unsafe void Main()
{
string fontName = "Lucida Console";
IntPtr hnd = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if (hnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX info = new CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX();
info.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(info);
bool tt = false;
// First determine whether there's already a TrueType font.
if (GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, ref info))
{
tt = (info.FontFamily & TMPF_TRUETYPE) == TMPF_TRUETYPE;
if (tt)
{
Console.WriteLine("The console already is using a TrueType font.");
return;
}
// Set console font to Lucida Console.
CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX newInfo = new CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX();
newInfo.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(newInfo);
newInfo.FontFamily = TMPF_TRUETYPE;
IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(newInfo.FaceName);
Marshal.Copy(fontName.ToCharArray(), 0, ptr, fontName.Length);
// Get some settings from current font.
newInfo.dwFontSize = new COORD(info.dwFontSize.X, info.dwFontSize.Y);
newInfo.FontWeight = info.FontWeight;
SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, newInfo);
}
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct COORD
{
internal short X;
internal short Y;
internal COORD(short x, short y)
{
X = x;
Y = y;
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal unsafe struct CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX
{
internal uint cbSize;
internal uint nFont;
internal COORD dwFontSize;
internal int FontFamily;
internal int FontWeight;
internal fixed char FaceName[LF_FACESIZE];
}
}
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Public Module Example5
' <DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)>
Private Declare Function GetStdHandle Lib "Kernel32" (
nStdHandle As Integer) As IntPtr
' [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
Private Declare Function GetCurrentConsoleFontEx Lib "Kernel32" (
consoleOutput As IntPtr,
maximumWindow As Boolean,
ByRef lpConsoleCurrentFontEx As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX) As Boolean
' [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
Private Declare Function SetCurrentConsoleFontEx Lib "Kernel32" (
consoleOutput As IntPtr,
maximumWindow As Boolean,
consoleCurrentFontEx As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX) As Boolean
Private Const STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE As Integer = -11
Private Const TMPF_TRUETYPE As Integer = 4
Private Const LF_FACESIZE As Integer = 32
Private INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE As IntPtr = New IntPtr(-1)
Public Sub Main()
Dim fontName As String = "Lucida Console"
Dim hnd As IntPtr = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
If hnd <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE Then
Dim info As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX = New CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
info.cbSize = CUInt(Marshal.SizeOf(info))
Dim tt As Boolean = False
' First determine whether there's already a TrueType font.
If GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, False, info) Then
tt = (info.FontFamily And TMPF_TRUETYPE) = TMPF_TRUETYPE
If tt Then
Console.WriteLine("The console already is using a TrueType font.")
Return
End If
' Set console font to Lucida Console.
Dim newInfo As CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX = New CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
newInfo.cbSize = CUInt(Marshal.SizeOf(newInfo))
newInfo.FontFamily = TMPF_TRUETYPE
newInfo.FaceName = fontName
' Get some settings from current font.
newInfo.dwFontSize = New COORD(info.dwFontSize.X, info.dwFontSize.Y)
newInfo.FontWeight = info.FontWeight
SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, False, newInfo)
End If
End If
End Sub
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> Friend Structure COORD
Friend X As Short
Friend Y As Short
Friend Sub New(x As Short, y As Short)
Me.X = x
Me.Y = y
End Sub
End Structure
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet:=CharSet.Unicode)> Friend Structure CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX
Friend cbSize As UInteger
Friend nFont As UInteger
Friend dwFontSize As COORD
Friend FontFamily As Integer
Friend FontWeight As Integer
<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst:=32)> Friend FaceName As String
End Structure
End Module
module Example
open System
open System.Runtime.InteropServices
[<Literal>]
let STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
[<Literal>]
let TMPF_TRUETYPE = 4
[<Literal>]
let LF_FACESIZE = 32
let INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = IntPtr(-1)
[<Struct>]
[<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)>]
type COORD =
val mutable X: int16
val mutable Y: int16
internal new(x: int16, y: int16) =
{ X = x
Y = y }
[<Struct>]
[<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)>]
type CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX =
val mutable cbSize: uint32
val mutable nFont: uint32
val mutable dwFontSize: COORD
val mutable FontFamily: int
val mutable FontWeight: int
[<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)>]
val mutable FaceName: string
[<DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)>]
extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle)
[<DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)>]
extern bool GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(IntPtr consoleOutput, bool maximumWindow, CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX lpConsoleCurrentFontEx)
[<DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)>]
extern bool SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(IntPtr consoleOutput, bool maximumWindow, CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX consoleCurrentFontEx)
[<EntryPoint>]
let main argv =
let fontName = "Lucida Console"
let hnd = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
if hnd <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
let mutable info = CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
info.cbSize <- uint32 (Marshal.SizeOf(info))
// First determine whether there's already a TrueType font.
if (GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, info)) then
if (((info.FontFamily) &&& TMPF_TRUETYPE) = TMPF_TRUETYPE) then
Console.WriteLine("The console already is using a TrueType font.")
else
// Set console font to Lucida Console.
let mutable newInfo = CONSOLE_FONT_INFO_EX()
newInfo.cbSize <- uint32 (Marshal.SizeOf(newInfo))
newInfo.FontFamily <- TMPF_TRUETYPE
newInfo.FaceName <- fontName
// Get some settings from current font.
newInfo.dwFontSize <- COORD(info.dwFontSize.X, info.dwFontSize.Y)
newInfo.FontWeight <- info.FontWeight
SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(hnd, false, newInfo) |> ignore
Console.WriteLine("The console is now using a TrueType font.")
// Return zero for success
0
不過，TrueType 字型只能顯示字元子集。 例如，Lucida 控制台字型只會顯示大約 64,000 個字元的 64,000 個字元，從 U+0021 到 U+FB02。 若要查看特定字型支援的字元，請在 控制台 中開啟 [字型] 小程式，選擇 [尋找字元] 選項，然後選擇您想要在 [字元對應] 視窗的 [字型] 列表中檢查其字元集的字型。
Windows 會使用字型連結來顯示特定字型中無法使用的字元。 如需字型連結以顯示其他字元集的相關信息，請參閱 全球化逐步說明：字型。 連結字型定義於登錄的 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink 子機碼中。 與這個子機碼相關聯的每個專案都會對應至基底字型的名稱，而其值是定義字型檔案和連結至基底字型的字型的字串數位。 數位的每個成員都會定義連結的字型，並採用font-file-name，font-name 格式。 下列範例說明如何以程序設計方式定義名為 SimSun 的連結字型，該字型位於名稱為 simsun.ttc 的字型檔案中，顯示簡化漢字字元。
using Microsoft.Win32;
using System;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
string valueName = "Lucida Console";
string newFont = "simsun.ttc,SimSun";
string[] fonts = null;
RegistryValueKind kind = 0;
bool toAdd;
RegistryKey key = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(
@"Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink",
true);
if (key == null) {
Console.WriteLine("Font linking is not enabled.");
}
else {
// Determine if the font is a base font.
string[] names = key.GetValueNames();
if (Array.Exists(names, s => s.Equals(valueName,
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))) {
// Get the value's type.
kind = key.GetValueKind(valueName);
// Type should be RegistryValueKind.MultiString, but we can't be sure.
switch (kind) {
case RegistryValueKind.String:
fonts = new string[] { (string) key.GetValue(valueName) };
break;
case RegistryValueKind.MultiString:
fonts = (string[]) key.GetValue(valueName);
break;
case RegistryValueKind.None:
// Do nothing.
fonts = new string[] { };
break;
}
// Determine whether SimSun is a linked font.
if (Array.FindIndex(fonts, s =>s.IndexOf("SimSun",
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >=0) >= 0) {
Console.WriteLine("Font is already linked.");
toAdd = false;
}
else {
// Font is not a linked font.
toAdd = true;
}
}
else {
// Font is not a base font.
toAdd = true;
fonts = new string[] { };
}
if (toAdd) {
Array.Resize(ref fonts, fonts.Length + 1);
fonts[fonts.GetUpperBound(0)] = newFont;
// Change REG_SZ to REG_MULTI_SZ.
if (kind == RegistryValueKind.String)
key.DeleteValue(valueName, false);
key.SetValue(valueName, fonts, RegistryValueKind.MultiString);
Console.WriteLine("SimSun added to the list of linked fonts.");
}
}
if (key != null) key.Close();
}
}
Imports Microsoft.Win32
Module Example2
Public Sub Main()
Dim valueName As String = "Lucida Console"
Dim newFont As String = "simsun.ttc,SimSun"
Dim fonts() As String = Nothing
Dim kind As RegistryValueKind
Dim toAdd As Boolean
Dim key As RegistryKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(
"Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink",
True)
If key Is Nothing Then
Console.WriteLine("Font linking is not enabled.")
Else
' Determine if the font is a base font.
Dim names() As String = key.GetValueNames()
If Array.Exists(names, Function(s) s.Equals(valueName,
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) Then
' Get the value's type.
kind = key.GetValueKind(valueName)
' Type should be RegistryValueKind.MultiString, but we can't be sure.
Select Case kind
Case RegistryValueKind.String
fonts = {CStr(key.GetValue(valueName))}
Case RegistryValueKind.MultiString
fonts = CType(key.GetValue(valueName), String())
Case RegistryValueKind.None
' Do nothing.
fonts = {}
End Select
' Determine whether SimSun is a linked font.
If Array.FindIndex(fonts, Function(s) s.IndexOf("SimSun",
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0) >= 0 Then
Console.WriteLine("Font is already linked.")
toAdd = False
Else
' Font is not a linked font.
toAdd = True
End If
Else
' Font is not a base font.
toAdd = True
fonts = {}
End If
If toAdd Then
Array.Resize(fonts, fonts.Length + 1)
fonts(fonts.GetUpperBound(0)) = newFont
' Change REG_SZ to REG_MULTI_SZ.
If kind = RegistryValueKind.String Then
key.DeleteValue(valueName, False)
End If
key.SetValue(valueName, fonts, RegistryValueKind.MultiString)
Console.WriteLine("SimSun added to the list of linked fonts.")
End If
End If
If key IsNot Nothing Then key.Close()
End Sub
End Module
open System
open Microsoft.Win32
let valueName = "Lucida Console"
let newFont = "simsun.ttc,SimSun"
let key =
Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink", true)
if isNull key then
printfn "Font linking is not enabled."
else
// Determine if the font is a base font.
let names = key.GetValueNames()
let (fonts, kind, toAdd) =
if names |> Array.exists (fun s -> s.Equals(valueName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) then
// Get the value's type.
let kind = key.GetValueKind(valueName)
// Type should be RegistryValueKind.MultiString, but we can't be sure.
let fonts =
match kind with
| RegistryValueKind.String -> [| key.GetValue(valueName) :?> string |]
| RegistryValueKind.MultiString -> (key.GetValue(valueName) :?> string array)
| _ -> [||]
// Determine whether SimSun is a linked font.
let toAdd =
not (fonts |> Array.exists (fun s -> s.IndexOf("SimSun", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0))
(fonts, kind, toAdd)
else
// Font is not a base font.
([||], RegistryValueKind.Unknown, true)
if toAdd then
// Font is not a linked font.
let newFonts = Array.append fonts [| newFont |]
// Change REG_SZ to REG_MULTI_SZ.
if kind = RegistryValueKind.String then key.DeleteValue(valueName, false)
key.SetValue(valueName, newFonts, RegistryValueKind.MultiString)
printfn "SimSun added to the list of linked fonts."
else
printfn "Font is already linked."
if not (isNull key) then key.Close()
主控台的 Unicode 支援有下列限制：
不支援UTF-32編碼。 唯一支援的 Unicode 編碼方式為 UTF-8 和 UTF-16，分別由 UTF8Encoding 和 UnicodeEncoding 類別表示。
不支援雙向輸出。
不支援在基本多語平面外顯示字元（也就是代理字組），即使這些字元定義在連結的字型檔案中也一樣。
不支援在複雜腳本中顯示字元。
合併字元序列（也就是由基底字元和一或多個組合字元組成的字元）會顯示為個別字元。 若要解決這項限制，您可以在將輸出傳送至主控台之前呼叫 String.Normalize 方法，將字串正規化以顯示。 在下列範例中，包含結合字元序列 U+0061 U+0308 的字串會在輸出字串正規化之前顯示為兩個字元，並在呼叫 方法之後 String.Normalize 顯示為單一字元。
using System; using System.IO; public class Example1 { public static void Main() { char[] chars = { '\u0061', '\u0308' }; string combining = new String(chars); Console.WriteLine(combining); combining = combining.Normalize(); Console.WriteLine(combining); } } // The example displays the following output: // a" // äModule Example3 Public Sub Main() Dim chars() As Char = {ChrW(&H61), ChrW(&H308)} Dim combining As String = New String(chars) Console.WriteLine(combining) combining = combining.Normalize() Console.WriteLine(combining) End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' a" ' äopen System let chars = [| '\u0061'; '\u0308' |] let combining = String chars Console.WriteLine combining let combining2 = combining.Normalize() Console.WriteLine combining2 // The example displays the following output: // a" // ä只有當字元的 Unicode 標準包含對應至特定組合字元序列的預先撰寫表單時，正規化才可行。
如果字型在私人使用區域中提供字碼點的字元，則會顯示該圖像。 不過，由於私人使用區域中的字元是應用程式專屬的，因此可能不是預期的字元。
下列範例會顯示主控台的 Unicode 字元範圍。 此範例接受三個命令行參數：要顯示的範圍開頭、要顯示的範圍結尾，以及是否要使用目前的控制台編碼 （false） 或 UTF-16 編碼 （true）。 它假設主控台使用 TrueType 字型。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text;
public static class DisplayChars
{
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
uint rangeStart = 0;
uint rangeEnd = 0;
bool setOutputEncodingToUnicode = true;
// Get the current encoding so we can restore it.
Encoding originalOutputEncoding = Console.OutputEncoding;
try
{
switch(args.Length)
{
case 2:
rangeStart = uint.Parse(args[0], NumberStyles.HexNumber);
rangeEnd = uint.Parse(args[1], NumberStyles.HexNumber);
setOutputEncodingToUnicode = true;
break;
case 3:
if (! uint.TryParse(args[0], NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out rangeStart))
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args[0]));
if (!uint.TryParse(args[1], NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out rangeEnd))
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args[1]));
bool.TryParse(args[2], out setOutputEncodingToUnicode);
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Usage: {0} <{1}> <{2}> [{3}]",
Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[0],
"startingCodePointInHex",
"endingCodePointInHex",
"<setOutputEncodingToUnicode?{true|false, default:false}>");
return;
}
if (setOutputEncodingToUnicode) {
// This won't work before .NET Framework 4.5.
try {
// Set encoding using endianness of this system.
// We're interested in displaying individual Char objects, so
// we don't want a Unicode BOM or exceptions to be thrown on
// invalid Char values.
Console.OutputEncoding = new UnicodeEncoding(! BitConverter.IsLittleEndian, false);
Console.WriteLine("\nOutput encoding set to UTF-16");
}
catch (IOException) {
Console.OutputEncoding = new UTF8Encoding();
Console.WriteLine("Output encoding set to UTF-8");
}
}
else {
Console.WriteLine("The console encoding is {0} (code page {1})",
Console.OutputEncoding.EncodingName,
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage);
}
DisplayRange(rangeStart, rangeEnd);
}
catch (ArgumentException ex) {
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally {
// Restore console environment.
Console.OutputEncoding = originalOutputEncoding;
}
}
public static void DisplayRange(uint start, uint end)
{
const uint upperRange = 0x10FFFF;
const uint surrogateStart = 0xD800;
const uint surrogateEnd = 0xDFFF;
if (end <= start) {
uint t = start;
start = end;
end = t;
}
// Check whether the start or end range is outside of last plane.
if (start > upperRange)
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{1:X5})",
start, upperRange));
if (end > upperRange)
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{0:X5})",
end, upperRange));
// Since we're using 21-bit code points, we can't use U+D800 to U+DFFF.
if ((start < surrogateStart & end > surrogateStart) || (start >= surrogateStart & start <= surrogateEnd ))
throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5}-0x{1:X5} includes the surrogate pair range 0x{2:X5}-0x{3:X5}",
start, end, surrogateStart, surrogateEnd));
uint last = RoundUpToMultipleOf(0x10, end);
uint first = RoundDownToMultipleOf(0x10, start);
uint rows = (last - first) / 0x10;
for (uint r = 0; r < rows; ++r) {
// Display the row header.
Console.Write("{0:x5} ", first + 0x10 * r);
for (uint c = 0; c < 0x10; ++c) {
uint cur = (first + 0x10 * r + c);
if (cur < start) {
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
}
else if (end < cur) {
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
}
else {
// the cast to int is safe, since we know that val <= upperRange.
String chars = Char.ConvertFromUtf32( (int) cur);
// Display a space for code points that are not valid characters.
if (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) ==
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned)
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
// Display a space for code points in the private use area.
else if (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) ==
UnicodeCategory.PrivateUse)
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
// Is surrogate pair a valid character?
// Note that the console will interpret the high and low surrogate
// as separate (and unrecognizable) characters.
else if (chars.Length > 1 && CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars, 0) ==
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned)
Console.Write($" {(char)(0x20)} ");
else
Console.Write($" {chars} ");
}
switch (c) {
case 3: case 11:
Console.Write("-");
break;
case 7:
Console.Write("--");
break;
}
}
Console.WriteLine();
if (0 < r && r % 0x10 == 0)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private static uint RoundUpToMultipleOf(uint b, uint u)
{
return RoundDownToMultipleOf(b, u) + b;
}
private static uint RoundDownToMultipleOf(uint b, uint u)
{
return u - (u % b);
}
}
// If the example is run with the command line
// DisplayChars 0400 04FF true
// the example displays the Cyrillic character set as follows:
// Output encoding set to UTF-16
// 00400 Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ - Є Ѕ І Ї -- Ј Љ Њ Ћ - Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ
// 00410 А Б В Г - Д Е Ж З -- И Й К Л - М Н О П
// 00420 Р С Т У - Ф Х Ц Ч -- Ш Щ Ъ Ы - Ь Э Ю Я
// 00430 а б в г - д е ж з -- и й к л - м н о п
// 00440 р с т у - ф х ц ч -- ш щ ъ ы - ь э ю я
// 00450 ѐ ё ђ ѓ - є ѕ і ї -- ј љ њ ћ - ќ ѝ ў џ
// 00460 Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ - Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ -- Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ - Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ
// 00470 Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ - Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ -- Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ - Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ
// 00480 Ҁ ҁ ҂ ҃ - ҄ ҅ ҆ ҇ -- ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ - Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ
// 00490 Ґ ґ Ғ ғ - Ҕ ҕ Җ җ -- Ҙ ҙ Қ қ - Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ
// 004a0 Ҡ ҡ Ң ң - Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ -- Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ - Ҭ ҭ Ү ү
// 004b0 Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ - Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ -- Ҹ ҹ Һ һ - Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ
// 004c0 Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ - ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ -- ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ - ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ
// 004d0 Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ - Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ -- Ә ә Ӛ ӛ - Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ
// 004e0 Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ - Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ -- Ө ө Ӫ ӫ - Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ
// 004f0 Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ - Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ -- Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ - Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Globalization
Imports System.Text
Public Module DisplayChars
Public Sub Main(args() As String)
Dim rangeStart As UInteger = 0
Dim rangeEnd As UInteger = 0
Dim setOutputEncodingToUnicode As Boolean = True
' Get the current encoding so we can restore it.
Dim originalOutputEncoding As Encoding = Console.OutputEncoding
Try
Select Case args.Length
Case 2
rangeStart = UInt32.Parse(args(0), NumberStyles.HexNumber)
rangeEnd = UInt32.Parse(args(1), NumberStyles.HexNumber)
setOutputEncodingToUnicode = True
Case 3
If Not UInt32.TryParse(args(0), NumberStyles.HexNumber, Nothing, rangeStart) Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args(0)))
End If
If Not UInt32.TryParse(args(1), NumberStyles.HexNumber, Nothing, rangeEnd) Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", args(1)))
End If
Boolean.TryParse(args(2), setOutputEncodingToUnicode)
Case Else
Console.WriteLine("Usage: {0} <{1}> <{2}> [{3}]",
Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()(0),
"startingCodePointInHex",
"endingCodePointInHex",
"<setOutputEncodingToUnicode?{true|false, default:false}>")
Exit Sub
End Select
If setOutputEncodingToUnicode Then
' This won't work before .NET Framework 4.5.
Try
' Set encoding Imports endianness of this system.
' We're interested in displaying individual Char objects, so
' we don't want a Unicode BOM or exceptions to be thrown on
' invalid Char values.
Console.OutputEncoding = New UnicodeEncoding(Not BitConverter.IsLittleEndian, False)
Console.WriteLine("{0}Output encoding set to UTF-16", vbCrLf)
Catch e As IOException
Console.OutputEncoding = New UTF8Encoding()
Console.WriteLine("Output encoding set to UTF-8")
End Try
Else
Console.WriteLine("The console encoding is {0} (code page {1})",
Console.OutputEncoding.EncodingName,
Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage)
End If
DisplayRange(rangeStart, rangeEnd)
Catch ex As ArgumentException
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Finally
' Restore console environment.
Console.OutputEncoding = originalOutputEncoding
End Try
End Sub
Public Sub DisplayRange(rangeStart As UInteger, rangeEnd As UInteger)
Const upperRange As UInteger = &h10FFFF
Const surrogateStart As UInteger = &hD800
Const surrogateEnd As UInteger = &hDFFF
If rangeEnd <= rangeStart Then
Dim t As UInteger = rangeStart
rangeStart = rangeEnd
rangeEnd = t
End If
' Check whether the start or end range is outside of last plane.
If rangeStart > upperRange Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{1:X5})",
rangeStart, upperRange))
End If
If rangeEnd > upperRange Then
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{0:X5})",
rangeEnd, upperRange))
End If
' Since we're using 21-bit code points, we can't use U+D800 to U+DFFF.
If (rangeStart < surrogateStart And rangeEnd > surrogateStart) OrElse (rangeStart >= surrogateStart And rangeStart <= surrogateEnd )
Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("0x{0:X5}-0x{1:X5} includes the surrogate pair range 0x{2:X5}-0x{3:X5}",
rangeStart, rangeEnd, surrogateStart, surrogateEnd))
End If
Dim last As UInteger = RoundUpToMultipleOf(&h10, rangeEnd)
Dim first As UInteger = RoundDownToMultipleOf(&h10, rangeStart)
Dim rows As UInteger = (last - first) \ &h10
For r As UInteger = 0 To rows - 1
' Display the row header.
Console.Write("{0:x5} ", first + &h10 * r)
For c As UInteger = 1 To &h10
Dim cur As UInteger = first + &h10 * r + c
If cur < rangeStart Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
Else If rangeEnd < cur Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
Else
' the cast to int is safe, since we know that val <= upperRange.
Dim chars As String = Char.ConvertFromUtf32(CInt(cur))
' Display a space for code points that are not valid characters.
If CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars(0)) =
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
' Display a space for code points in the private use area.
Else If CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars(0)) =
UnicodeCategory.PrivateUse Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
' Is surrogate pair a valid character?
' Note that the console will interpret the high and low surrogate
' as separate (and unrecognizable) characters.
Else If chars.Length > 1 AndAlso CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars, 0) =
UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned Then
Console.Write(" {0} ", Convert.ToChar(&h20))
Else
Console.Write(" {0} ", chars)
End If
End If
Select Case c
Case 3, 11
Console.Write("-")
Case 7
Console.Write("--")
End Select
Next
Console.WriteLine()
If 0 < r AndAlso r Mod &h10 = 0
Console.WriteLine()
End If
Next
End Sub
Private Function RoundUpToMultipleOf(b As UInteger, u As UInteger) As UInteger
Return RoundDownToMultipleOf(b, u) + b
End Function
Private Function RoundDownToMultipleOf(b As UInteger, u As UInteger) As UInteger
Return u - (u Mod b)
End Function
End Module
' If the example is run with the command line
' DisplayChars 0400 04FF true
' the example displays the Cyrillic character set as follows:
' Output encoding set to UTF-16
' 00400 Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ - Є Ѕ І Ї -- Ј Љ Њ Ћ - Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ
' 00410 А Б В Г - Д Е Ж З -- И Й К Л - М Н О П
' 00420 Р С Т У - Ф Х Ц Ч -- Ш Щ Ъ Ы - Ь Э Ю Я
' 00430 а б в г - д е ж з -- и й к л - м н о п
' 00440 р с т у - ф х ц ч -- ш щ ъ ы - ь э ю я
' 00450 ѐ ё ђ ѓ - є ѕ і ї -- ј љ њ ћ - ќ ѝ ў џ
' 00460 Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ - Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ -- Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ - Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ
' 00470 Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ - Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ -- Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ - Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ
' 00480 Ҁ ҁ ҂ ҃ - ҄ ҅ ҆ ҇ -- ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ - Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ
' 00490 Ґ ґ Ғ ғ - Ҕ ҕ Җ җ -- Ҙ ҙ Қ қ - Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ
' 004a0 Ҡ ҡ Ң ң - Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ -- Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ - Ҭ ҭ Ү ү
' 004b0 Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ - Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ -- Ҹ ҹ Һ һ - Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ
' 004c0 Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ - ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ -- ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ - ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ
' 004d0 Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ - Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ -- Ә ә Ӛ ӛ - Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ
' 004e0 Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ - Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ -- Ө ө Ӫ ӫ - Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ
' 004f0 Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ - Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ -- Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ - Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ
module DisplayChars
open System
open System.IO
open System.Globalization
open System.Text
type uint = uint32
let inline roundDownToMultipleOf b u = u - (u % b)
let inline roundUpToMultipleOf b u = roundDownToMultipleOf b u |> (+) b
let displayRange (start: uint) (``end``: uint) =
let upperRange = 0x10FFFFu
let surrogateStart = 0xD800u
let surrogateEnd = 0xDFFFu
let start, ``end`` =
if ``end`` <= start then ``end``, start
else start, ``end``
// Check whether the start or end range is outside of last plane.
if start > upperRange then
invalidArg "start"
(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{1:X5})", start, upperRange))
if ``end`` > upperRange then
invalidArg "end"
(String.Format("0x{0:X5} is outside the upper range of Unicode code points (0x{0:X5})", ``end``, upperRange))
// Since we're using 21-bit code points, we can't use U+D800 to U+DFFF.
if (start < surrogateStart && ``end`` > surrogateStart) || (start >= surrogateStart && start <= surrogateEnd) then
raise
(ArgumentException
(String.Format
("0x{0:X5}-0x{1:X5} includes the surrogate pair range 0x{2:X5}-0x{3:X5}", start, ``end``,
surrogateStart, surrogateEnd)))
let last = roundUpToMultipleOf 0x10u ``end``
let first = roundDownToMultipleOf 0x10u start
let rows = (last - first) / 0x10u
for r in 0u .. (rows - 1u) do
// Display the row header.
printf "%05x " (first + 0x10u * r)
for c in 0u .. (0x10u - 1u) do
let cur = (first + 0x10u * r + c)
if cur < start || ``end`` < cur then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else
// the cast to int is safe, since we know that val <= upperRange.
let chars = Char.ConvertFromUtf32(int cur)
// Display a space for code points that are not valid characters.
if CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) = UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else
// Display a space for code points in the private use area.
if CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars[0]) = UnicodeCategory.PrivateUse then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else if chars.Length > 1
&& CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(chars, 0) = UnicodeCategory.OtherNotAssigned then
printf " %c " (Convert.ToChar 0x20)
else printf " %s " chars
match c with
| 3u
| 11u -> printf "-"
| 7u -> printf "--"
| _ -> ()
Console.WriteLine()
if (0u < r && r % 0x10u = 0u) then Console.WriteLine()
[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
// Get the current encoding so we can restore it.
let originalOutputEncoding = Console.OutputEncoding
try
try
let parsedArgs =
match args.Length with
| 2 ->
Some
{| setOutputEncodingToUnicode = true
rangeStart = uint.Parse(args[0], NumberStyles.HexNumber)
rangeEnd = uint.Parse(args[1], NumberStyles.HexNumber) |}
| 3 ->
let parseHexNumberOrThrow (value: string) parameterName =
(uint.TryParse(value, NumberStyles.HexNumber, null))
|> function
| (false, _) ->
invalidArg parameterName (String.Format("{0} is not a valid hexadecimal number.", value))
| (true, value) -> value
let setOutputEncodingToUnicode =
match bool.TryParse args[2] with
| true, value -> value
| false, _ -> true
Some
{| setOutputEncodingToUnicode = setOutputEncodingToUnicode
rangeStart = parseHexNumberOrThrow args[0] "rangeStart"
rangeEnd = parseHexNumberOrThrow args[1] "rangeEnd" |}
| _ ->
printfn "Usage: %s <%s> <%s> [%s]" (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[0]) "startingCodePointInHex"
"endingCodePointInHex" "<setOutputEncodingToUnicode?{true|false, default:false}>"
None
match parsedArgs with
| None -> ()
| Some parsedArgs ->
if parsedArgs.setOutputEncodingToUnicode then
// This won't work before .NET Framework 4.5.
try
// Set encoding using endianness of this system.
// We're interested in displaying individual Char objects, so
// we don't want a Unicode BOM or exceptions to be thrown on
// invalid Char values.
Console.OutputEncoding <- UnicodeEncoding(not BitConverter.IsLittleEndian, false)
printfn "\nOutput encoding set to UTF-16"
with :? IOException ->
printfn "Output encoding set to UTF-8"
Console.OutputEncoding <- UTF8Encoding()
else
printfn "The console encoding is %s (code page %i)" (Console.OutputEncoding.EncodingName)
(Console.OutputEncoding.CodePage)
displayRange parsedArgs.rangeStart parsedArgs.rangeEnd
with :? ArgumentException as ex -> Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
finally
// Restore console environment.
Console.OutputEncoding <- originalOutputEncoding
0
// If the example is run with the command line
// DisplayChars 0400 04FF true
// the example displays the Cyrillic character set as follows:
// Output encoding set to UTF-16
// 00400 Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ - Є Ѕ І Ї -- Ј Љ Њ Ћ - Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ
// 00410 А Б В Г - Д Е Ж З -- И Й К Л - М Н О П
// 00420 Р С Т У - Ф Х Ц Ч -- Ш Щ Ъ Ы - Ь Э Ю Я
// 00430 а б в г - д е ж з -- и й к л - м н о п
// 00440 р с т у - ф х ц ч -- ш щ ъ ы - ь э ю я
// 00450 ѐ ё ђ ѓ - є ѕ і ї -- ј љ њ ћ - ќ ѝ ў џ
// 00460 Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ - Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ -- Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ - Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ
// 00470 Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ - Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ -- Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ - Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ
// 00480 Ҁ ҁ ҂ ҃ - ҄ ҅ ҆ ҇ -- ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ - Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ
// 00490 Ґ ґ Ғ ғ - Ҕ ҕ Җ җ -- Ҙ ҙ Қ қ - Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ
// 004a0 Ҡ ҡ Ң ң - Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ -- Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ - Ҭ ҭ Ү ү
// 004b0 Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ - Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ -- Ҹ ҹ Һ һ - Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ
// 004c0 Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ - ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ -- ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ - ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ
// 004d0 Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ - Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ -- Ә ә Ӛ ӛ - Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ
// 004e0 Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ - Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ -- Ө ө Ӫ ӫ - Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ
// 004f0 Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ - Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ -- Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ - Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ
一般作業
類別 Console 包含下列方法來讀取主控台輸入和寫入主控台輸出：
方法的多 ReadKey 載會讀取個別字元。
方法 ReadLine 會讀取整個輸入行。
方法多載會將 Write 實值類型的實例、字元數位或一組物件轉換成格式化或未格式化的字串，然後將該字串寫入控制台。
類別 Console 也包含執行下列作業的方法和屬性：
取得或設定螢幕緩衝區的大小。 BufferHeight和 BufferWidth 屬性可讓您分別取得或設定緩衝區高度和寬度，而 SetBufferSize 方法可讓您在單一方法呼叫中設定緩衝區大小。
取得或設定主控台視窗的大小。 WindowHeight和 WindowWidth 屬性可讓您分別取得或設定視窗高度和寬度，而 SetWindowSize 方法可讓您在單一方法呼叫中設定視窗大小。
取得或設定游標的大小。 屬性 CursorSize 會指定字元儲存格中游標的高度。
取得或設定相對於螢幕緩衝區的控制台視窗位置。 WindowTop和 WindowLeft 屬性可讓您取得或設定出現在控制台視窗中之螢幕緩衝區的最上列和最左邊的數據行，而 SetWindowPosition 方法可讓您在單一方法呼叫中設定這些值。
取得或設定 和 CursorLeft 屬性來取得或設定CursorTop游標的位置，或呼叫 SetCursorPosition 方法來設定游標的位置。
呼叫 MoveBufferArea 或 Clear 方法，以移動或清除螢幕緩衝區中的數據。
使用 ForegroundColor 和 BackgroundColor 屬性取得或設定前景和背景色彩，或藉由呼叫 ResetColor 方法，將背景和前景重設為其預設色彩。
呼叫 Beep 方法，透過主控台喇叭播放嗶聲。
.NET Core 附注
在桌面上的 .NET Framework 中，類別Console會使用 和 GetConsoleOutputCP所傳GetConsoleCP回的編碼，這通常是代碼頁編碼。 例如，在文化特性為英文（美國）的系統上，代碼頁 437 是預設使用的編碼方式。 不過，.NET Core 只能提供這些編碼的有限子集。 在此情況下， Encoding.UTF8 會使用 作為主控台的預設編碼方式。
如果您的應用程式相依於特定的代碼頁編碼，您仍然可以在呼叫任何Console方法之前執行下列動作來提供它們：
將 EncodingProvider 對象傳遞至 Encoding.RegisterProvider 方法，讓編碼提供者支援的其他編碼方式可供使用。
接著，類別 Console 會自動使用預設系統編碼，而不是UTF8，前提是您已在呼叫任何 Console 輸出方法之前註冊編碼提供者。
範例
下列範例示範如何從標準輸入和輸出數據流讀取和寫入數據。 請注意，您可以使用 和 SetOut 方法來重新導向SetIn這些數據流。
using System;
public class Example4
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Hello ");
Console.WriteLine("World!");
Console.Write("Enter your name: ");
string name = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Good day, ");
Console.Write(name);
Console.WriteLine("!");
}
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// Hello World!
// Enter your name: James
// Good day, James!
Public Class Example4
Public Shared Sub Main()
Console.Write("Hello ")
Console.WriteLine("World!")
Console.Write("Enter your name: ")
Dim name As String = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Good day, ")
Console.Write(name)
Console.WriteLine("!")
End Sub
End Class
' The example displays output similar to the following:
' Hello World!
' Enter your name: James
' Good day, James!
module Example
open System
[<EntryPoint>]
let main argv =
Console.Write("Hello ")
Console.WriteLine("World!")
Console.Write("Enter your name: ")
let name = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Good day, ")
Console.Write(name)
Console.WriteLine("!")
0
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// Hello World!
// Enter your name: James
// Good day, James!
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