System.NotSupportedException 類別

本文提供此 API 參考文件的補充備註。

NotSupportedException 表示叫用的方法或屬性沒有任何實作存在。

NotSupportedException 會使用具有值0x80131515的 HRESULT COR_E_NOTSUPPORTED。

如需查看 NotSupportedException 實例的初始屬性值列表，請參閱 NotSupportedException 的建構子。

擲出 NotSupportedException 例外狀況

在下列情況下，您可能會考慮拋出 NotSupportedException 例外狀況：

您正在實作一般用途介面，而且其中有些方法沒有有意義的實作。例如，如果您要建立實作介面的 IConvertible 日期和時間類型，則會針對大部分轉換拋出 NotSupportedException 例外狀況。
您已從一個要求覆寫多個方法的抽象類繼承。不過，您只準備提供其中一部分的實作。對於您決定不實作的方法，您可以選擇拋出一個 NotSupportedException。
您正在定義一種常用類型，其狀態會根據條件允許作業。例如，您的類型可以是只讀或可讀寫。在此情況下：
- 如果對像是只讀的，嘗試將值指派給實例的屬性或呼叫修改實例狀態的方法將觸發 NotSupportedException 例外狀況。
- 您應該實作一個屬性，該屬性會傳回一個Boolean值，表示特定功能是否可用。例如，對於可以是唯讀或讀寫的類型，您可以實 IsReadOnly 作屬性，指出一組讀寫方法是否可用或無法使用。

處理 NotSupportedException 例外狀況

例外 NotSupportedException 表示方法尚未具體實作，請勿呼叫該方法。您不應該處理例外狀況。相反地，您應該執行的動作取決於例外狀況的原因：實作完全不存在，或成員調用與物件的目的不一致（例如對只讀FileStream.Write物件上方法的呼叫FileStream）。

尚未提供實作，因為作業無法以有意義的方式執行。 當您在物件上呼叫方法時，這是常見的例外狀況，該物件會提供抽象基類方法的實作，或實作一般用途介面，而且方法沒有有意義的實作。

例如，類別 Convert 會實作 IConvertible 介面，這表示它必須包含方法，將每個基本類型轉換成其他基本類型。不過，許多轉換都不可能。因此，呼叫Convert.ToBoolean(DateTime)方法（例如）會擲回NotSupportedException例外，因為DateTime值和Boolean值之間沒有可能的轉換。

若要消除例外狀況，您應該移除方法呼叫。

由於物件的狀態，不支援方法呼叫。 您嘗試叫用因為物件狀態而無法使用其功能的成員。您可以使用下列三種方式之一來消除例外狀況：

您事先知道物件的狀態，但您已叫用不支援的方法或屬性。在此情況下，成員呼叫是錯誤，而且您可以移除。

您事先知道物件的狀態（通常是因為您的程式代碼已具現化它），但對象設定錯誤。下列範例說明此問題。它會建立唯讀 FileStream 物件，然後嘗試寫入它。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        Encoding enc = Encoding.Unicode;
        String value = "This is a string to persist.";
        Byte[] bytes = enc.GetBytes(value);

        FileStream fs = new FileStream(@".\TestFile.dat",
                                       FileMode.Open,
                                       FileAccess.Read);
        Task t = fs.WriteAsync(enc.GetPreamble(), 0, enc.GetPreamble().Length);
        Task t2 = t.ContinueWith((a) => fs.WriteAsync(bytes, 0, bytes.Length));
        await t2;
        fs.Close();
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Stream does not support writing.
//       at System.IO.Stream.BeginWriteInternal(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, AsyncCallback callback, Object state
//    , Boolean serializeAsynchronously)
//       at System.IO.FileStream.BeginWrite(Byte[] array, Int32 offset, Int32 numBytes, AsyncCallback userCallback, Object sta
//    teObject)
//       at System.IO.Stream.<>c.<BeginEndWriteAsync>b__53_0(Stream stream, ReadWriteParameters args, AsyncCallback callback,
//    Object state)
//       at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncTrim[TInstance,TArgs](TInstance thisRef, TArgs args, Func`5 beginMet
//    hod, Func`3 endMethod)
//       at System.IO.Stream.BeginEndWriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at System.IO.FileStream.WriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
//       at System.IO.Stream.WriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at Example.Main()

open System.IO
open System.Text

let main = task {
    let enc = Encoding.Unicode
    let value = "This is a string to persist."
    let bytes  = enc.GetBytes value

    let fs = new FileStream(@".\TestFile.dat", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
    let t = fs.WriteAsync(enc.GetPreamble(), 0, enc.GetPreamble().Length)
    let t2 = t.ContinueWith(fun a -> fs.WriteAsync(bytes, 0, bytes.Length))
    let! _ = t2
    fs.Close()
}
main.Wait()

// The example displays the following output:
//    Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Stream does not support writing.
//       at System.IO.Stream.BeginWriteInternal(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, AsyncCallback callback, Object state
//    , Boolean serializeAsynchronously)
//       at System.IO.FileStream.BeginWrite(Byte[] array, Int32 offset, Int32 numBytes, AsyncCallback userCallback, Object sta
//    teObject)
//       at System.IO.Stream.<>c.<BeginEndWriteAsync>b__53_0(Stream stream, ReadWriteParameters args, AsyncCallback callback,
//    Object state)
//       at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncTrim[TInstance,TArgs](TInstance thisRef, TArgs args, Func`5 beginMet
//    hod, Func`3 endMethod)
//       at System.IO.Stream.BeginEndWriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at System.IO.FileStream.WriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
//       at System.IO.Stream.WriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at <StartupCode:fs>.main()

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim enc As Encoding = Encoding.Unicode
      Dim value As String = "This is a string to persist."
      Dim bytes() As Byte = enc.GetBytes(value)

      Dim fs As New FileStream(".\TestFile.dat", 
                               FileMode.Open,
                               FileAccess.Read)
      Dim t As Task = fs.WriteAsync(enc.GetPreamble(), 0, enc.GetPreamble().Length)
      Dim t2 As Task = t.ContinueWith(Sub(a) fs.WriteAsync(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)) 
      t2.Wait()
      fs.Close()
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'    Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Stream does not support writing.
'       at System.IO.Stream.BeginWriteInternal(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, AsyncCallback callback, Object state
'    , Boolean serializeAsynchronously)
'       at System.IO.FileStream.BeginWrite(Byte[] array, Int32 offset, Int32 numBytes, AsyncCallback userCallback, Object sta
'    teObject)
'       at System.IO.Stream.<>c.<BeginEndWriteAsync>b__53_0(Stream stream, ReadWriteParameters args, AsyncCallback callback,
'    Object state)
'       at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncTrim[TInstance,TArgs](TInstance thisRef, TArgs args, Func`5 beginMet
'    hod, Func`3 endMethod)
'       at System.IO.Stream.BeginEndWriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
'       at System.IO.FileStream.WriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
'       at System.IO.Stream.WriteAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
'       at Example.Main()

Ycan 可藉由確保具現化物件支援您想要的功能來消除例外狀況。下列範例會藉由提供正確的自變數給FileStream建構函式，來解決唯讀FileStream.FileStream(String, FileMode, FileAccess)對象的問題。

您事先不知道物件的狀態，而且對象不支援特定作業。在大部分情況下，對象應該包含屬性或方法，指出它是否支援一組特定的作業。您可以檢查物件的值，並只在適當時叫用成員，以排除例外狀況。

下列範例定義了一個 DetectEncoding 方法，當該方法嘗試從不支援讀取存取的數據流開頭讀取時，會擲回一個 NotSupportedException 例外狀況。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class TestPropEx1
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        String name = @".\TestFile.dat";
        var fs = new FileStream(name,
                                FileMode.Create,
                                FileAccess.Write);
        Console.WriteLine("Filename: {0}, Encoding: {1}",
                          name, await FileUtilities1.GetEncodingType(fs));
    }
}

public class FileUtilities1
{
    public enum EncodingType
    { None = 0, Unknown = -1, Utf8 = 1, Utf16 = 2, Utf32 = 3 }

    public async static Task<EncodingType> GetEncodingType(FileStream fs)
    {
        Byte[] bytes = new Byte[4];
        int bytesRead = await fs.ReadAsync(bytes, 0, 4);
        if (bytesRead < 2)
            return EncodingType.None;

        if (bytesRead >= 3 & (bytes[0] == 0xEF && bytes[1] == 0xBB && bytes[2] == 0xBF))
            return EncodingType.Utf8;

        if (bytesRead == 4)
        {
            var value = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, 0);
            if (value == 0x0000FEFF | value == 0xFEFF0000)
                return EncodingType.Utf32;
        }

        var value16 = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, 0);
        if (value16 == (ushort)0xFEFF | value16 == (ushort)0xFFFE)
            return EncodingType.Utf16;

        return EncodingType.Unknown;
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Stream does not support reading.
//       at System.IO.FileStream.BeginRead(Byte[] array, Int32 offset, Int32 numBytes, AsyncCallback callback, Object state)
//       at System.IO.Stream.<>c.<BeginEndReadAsync>b__46_0(Stream stream, ReadWriteParameters args, AsyncCallback callback, Object state)
//       at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncTrim[TInstance, TArgs](TInstance thisRef, TArgs args, Func`5 beginMethod, Func`3 endMethod)
//       at System.IO.Stream.BeginEndReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at System.IO.FileStream.ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
//       at System.IO.Stream.ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at FileUtilities.GetEncodingType(FileStream fs) in C:\Work\docs\program.cs:line 26
//       at Example.Main() in C:\Work\docs\program.cs:line 13
//       at Example.<Main>()

open System
open System.IO

module FileUtilities =
    type EncodingType =
        | None = 0
        | Unknown = -1
        | Utf8 = 1
        | Utf16 = 2
        | Utf32 = 3

    let getEncodingType (fs: FileStream) = 
        task {
            let bytes = Array.zeroCreate<byte> 4
            let! bytesRead = fs.ReadAsync(bytes, 0, 4)
            if bytesRead < 2 then
                return EncodingType.None

            elif bytesRead >= 3 && bytes[0] = 0xEFuy && bytes[1] = 0xBBuy && bytes[2] = 0xBFuy then
                return EncodingType.Utf8
            else
                let value = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, 0)
                if bytesRead = 4 && (value = 0x0000FEFFu || value = 0xFEFF0000u) then
                    return EncodingType.Utf32
                else
                    let value16 = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, 0)
                    if value16 = 0xFEFFus || value16 = 0xFFFEus then
                        return EncodingType.Utf16
                    else
                        return EncodingType.Unknown
        }

let main _ = 
    task {
        let name = @".\TestFile.dat"
        let fs = new FileStream(name, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)
        let! et = FileUtilities.getEncodingType fs
        printfn $"Filename: {name}, Encoding: {et}"
    }

// The example displays the following output:
//    Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Stream does not support reading.
//       at System.IO.FileStream.BeginRead(Byte[] array, Int32 offset, Int32 numBytes, AsyncCallback callback, Object state)
//       at System.IO.Stream.<>c.<BeginEndReadAsync>b__46_0(Stream stream, ReadWriteParameters args, AsyncCallback callback, Object state)
//       at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncTrim[TInstance, TArgs](TInstance thisRef, TArgs args, Func`5 beginMethod, Func`3 endMethod)
//       at System.IO.Stream.BeginEndReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at System.IO.FileStream.ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
//       at System.IO.Stream.ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
//       at FileUtilities.GetEncodingType(FileStream fs)
//       at Example.Main()
//       at Example.<Main>()

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example2
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim name As String = ".\TestFile.dat"
        Dim fs As New FileStream(name,
                               FileMode.Create,
                               FileAccess.Write)
        Console.WriteLine("Filename: {0}, Encoding: {1}",
                        name, FileUtilities2.GetEncodingType(fs))
    End Sub
End Module

Public Class FileUtilities2
    Public Enum EncodingType As Integer
        None = 0
        Unknown = -1
        Utf8 = 1
        Utf16 = 2
        Utf32 = 3
    End Enum

    Public Shared Function GetEncodingType(fs As FileStream) As EncodingType
        Dim bytes(3) As Byte
        Dim t As Task(Of Integer) = fs.ReadAsync(bytes, 0, 4)
        t.Wait()
        Dim bytesRead As Integer = t.Result
        If bytesRead < 2 Then Return EncodingType.None

        If bytesRead >= 3 And (bytes(0) = &HEF AndAlso bytes(1) = &HBB AndAlso bytes(2) = &HBF) Then
            Return EncodingType.Utf8
        End If

        If bytesRead = 4 Then
            Dim value As UInteger = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, 0)
            If value = &HFEFF Or value = &HFEFF0000 Then
                Return EncodingType.Utf32
            End If
        End If

        Dim value16 As UInt16 = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, 0)
        If value16 = &HFEFF Or value16 = &HFFFE Then
            Return EncodingType.Utf16
        End If

        Return EncodingType.Unknown
    End Function
End Class
' The example displays the following output:
'    Unhandled Exception: System.NotSupportedException: Stream does not support reading.
'       at System.IO.Stream.BeginReadInternal(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, AsyncCallback callback, Object state,
'     Boolean serializeAsynchronously)
'       at System.IO.FileStream.BeginRead(Byte[] array, Int32 offset, Int32 numBytes, AsyncCallback userCallback, Object stat
'    eObject)
'       at System.IO.Stream.<>c.<BeginEndReadAsync>b__43_0(Stream stream, ReadWriteParameters args, AsyncCallback callback, O
'    bject state)
'       at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncTrim[TInstance,TArgs](TInstance thisRef, TArgs args, Func`5 beginMet
'    hod, Func`3 endMethod)
'       at System.IO.Stream.BeginEndReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
'       at System.IO.FileStream.ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
'       at System.IO.Stream.ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count)
'       at FileUtilities2.GetEncodingType(FileStream fs)
'       at Example.Main()

如果數據流是只讀的，您可以檢查FileStream.CanRead屬性的值，如果是這樣，則退出此方法，以消除例外狀況。

    public static async Task<EncodingType> GetEncodingType(FileStream fs)
    {
        if (!fs.CanRead)
            return EncodingType.Unknown;

        Byte[] bytes = new Byte[4];
        int bytesRead = await fs.ReadAsync(bytes, 0, 4);
        if (bytesRead < 2)
            return EncodingType.None;

        if (bytesRead >= 3 & (bytes[0] == 0xEF && bytes[1] == 0xBB && bytes[2] == 0xBF))
            return EncodingType.Utf8;

        if (bytesRead == 4)
        {
            var value = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, 0);
            if (value == 0x0000FEFF | value == 0xFEFF0000)
                return EncodingType.Utf32;
        }

        var value16 = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, 0);
        if (value16 == (ushort)0xFEFF | value16 == (ushort)0xFFFE)
            return EncodingType.Utf16;

        return EncodingType.Unknown;
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Filename: .\TestFile.dat, Encoding: Unknown

let getEncodingType (fs: FileStream) = 
    task {
        if not fs.CanRead then
            return EncodingType.Unknown
        else
            let bytes = Array.zeroCreate<byte> 4
            let! bytesRead = fs.ReadAsync(bytes, 0, 4)
            if bytesRead < 2 then
                return EncodingType.None

            elif bytesRead >= 3 && bytes[0] = 0xEFuy && bytes[1] = 0xBBuy && bytes[2] = 0xBFuy then
                return EncodingType.Utf8
            else
                let value = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, 0)
                if bytesRead = 4 && (value = 0x0000FEFFu || value = 0xFEFF0000u) then
                    return EncodingType.Utf32
                else
                    let value16 = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, 0)
                    if value16 = 0xFEFFus || value16 = 0xFFFEus then
                        return EncodingType.Utf16
                    else
                        return EncodingType.Unknown
    }
// The example displays the following output:
//       Filename: .\TestFile.dat, Encoding: Unknown

Public Class FileUtilities3
    Public Enum EncodingType As Integer
        None = 0
        Unknown = -1
        Utf8 = 1
        Utf16 = 2
        Utf32 = 3
    End Enum

    Public Shared Function GetEncodingType(fs As FileStream) As EncodingType
        If Not fs.CanRead Then
            Return EncodingType.Unknown
        End If

        Dim bytes(3) As Byte
        Dim t As Task(Of Integer) = fs.ReadAsync(bytes, 0, 4)
        t.Wait()
        Dim bytesRead As Integer = t.Result
        If bytesRead < 2 Then Return EncodingType.None

        If bytesRead >= 3 And (bytes(0) = &HEF AndAlso bytes(1) = &HBB AndAlso bytes(2) = &HBF) Then
            Return EncodingType.Utf8
        End If

        If bytesRead = 4 Then
            Dim value As UInteger = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, 0)
            If value = &HFEFF Or value = &HFEFF0000 Then
                Return EncodingType.Utf32
            End If
        End If

        Dim value16 As UInt16 = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, 0)
        If value16 = &HFEFF Or value16 = &HFFFE Then
            Return EncodingType.Utf16
        End If

        Return EncodingType.Unknown
    End Function
End Class
' The example displays the following output:
'       Filename: .\TestFile.dat, Encoding: Unknown

例外 NotSupportedException 狀況與另外兩種例外狀況類型密切相關：

NotImplementedException

當方法可以實作但不是時，就會擲回這個例外狀況，可能是因為成員將在較新的版本中實作、特定平臺上無法使用成員，或是成員屬於抽象類，且衍生類別必須提供實作。
InvalidOperationException

此例外狀況會擲回於物件在某些情況下能夠執行要求的作業，但其狀態決定是否能執行此作業。

.NET Compact Framework 附注

使用 .NET Compact Framework 並在原生函式上使用 P/Invoke 時，有可能會發生例外情況，如果：

程式碼中的宣告不正確。
.NET Compact Framework 不支援您嘗試執行的動作。
DLL 名稱會在匯出時被修改。

如果擲回NotSupportedException例外狀況，請檢查：

針對任何違反 .NET Compact Framework P/Invoke 限制的情形。
對於需要預先配置記憶體的任何參數。如果這些存在，您應該傳遞一個已存在變數的參考。
匯出函式的名稱正確無誤。這可以使用 DumpBin.exe進行驗證。
您並沒有嘗試傳遞過多的參數。

意見反應

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Last updated on 2025-06-17

共用方式為

System.NotSupportedException 類別

擲出 NotSupportedException 例外狀況

處理 NotSupportedException 例外狀況

相關的例外狀況類型

.NET Compact Framework 附注

意見反應

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