完成你的任務

當你從TaskCompletionSource<TResult>中公開任務時，你擁有該任務的生命周期。在每條路上完成這個任務。如果有任何路徑跳過完成，呼叫者會等待無限久。

完成所有程式碼路徑

無論成功或失敗，都要完成任務。當任務失敗時，使用 catch 區塊作為清理邏輯。請使用 finally 區塊來執行必須每次都運行的清理邏輯。以下程式碼區塊展示了在失敗路徑中新增清理步驟：

public sealed class MissingSetExceptionFix
{
    public Task<string> StartAsync(bool fail)
    {
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<string>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);

        try
        {
            if (fail)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure");
            }

            tcs.TrySetResult("success");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            tcs.TrySetException(ex);
        }

        return tcs.Task;
    }
}

Public NotInheritable Class MissingSetExceptionFix
    Public Function StartAsync(fail As Boolean) As Task(Of String)
        Dim tcs = New TaskCompletionSource(Of String)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)

        Try
            If fail Then
                Throw New InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure")
            End If

            tcs.TrySetResult("success")
        Catch ex As Exception
            tcs.TrySetException(ex)
        End Try

        Return tcs.Task
    End Function
End Class

以下程式碼會捕捉一個例外，記錄下來，並忘記呼叫 SetException 或 TrySetException。這個錯誤經常出現，導致來電者等待很久。關於任務例外處理的更多細節，請參見任務異常處理。

// ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem that causes hangs.
public sealed class MissingSetExceptionBug
{
    public Task<string> StartAsync(bool fail)
    {
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<string>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);

        try
        {
            if (fail)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure");
            }

            tcs.SetResult("success");
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            // BUG: forgot SetException or TrySetException.
        }

        return tcs.Task;
    }
}

' ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem that causes hangs.
Public NotInheritable Class MissingSetExceptionBug
    Public Function StartAsync(fail As Boolean) As Task(Of String)
        Dim tcs = New TaskCompletionSource(Of String)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)

        Try
            If fail Then
                Throw New InvalidOperationException("Simulated failure")
            End If

            tcs.SetResult("success")
        Catch ex As Exception
            ' BUG: forgot SetException or TrySetException.
        End Try

        Return tcs.Task
    End Function
End Class

在完成賽中優先選擇 `TrySet*`

同時進行的路徑常常爭相完成相同的 TaskCompletionSource 任務。 SetResult，， SetException， SetCanceled 如果任務已完成則拋出。在競態條件程式碼中，使用 TrySetResult、TrySetException、TrySetCanceled。關於更多同時發生情境中應避免的模式，請參見常見的非同步/等待錯誤。

public static class TrySetRaceExample
{
    public static void ShowRaceSafeCompletion()
    {
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<int>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);

        bool first = tcs.TrySetResult(42);
        bool second = tcs.TrySetException(new TimeoutException("Too late"));

        Console.WriteLine($"First completion won: {first}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Second completion accepted: {second}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Result: {tcs.Task.Result}");
    }
}

Public Module TrySetRaceExample
    Public Sub ShowRaceSafeCompletion()
        Dim tcs = New TaskCompletionSource(Of Integer)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)

        Dim first As Boolean = tcs.TrySetResult(42)
        Dim second As Boolean = tcs.TrySetException(New TimeoutException("Too late"))

        Console.WriteLine($"First completion won: {first}")
        Console.WriteLine($"Second completion accepted: {second}")
        Console.WriteLine($"Result: {tcs.Task.Result}")
    End Sub
End Module

重置時不要丟棄參考

一個常見的錯誤出現在可重置的非同步原語中。透過原子性交換參考並完成前一個任務（例如消除）來修正重置路徑：

public sealed class ResetFix
{
    private TaskCompletionSource<bool> _signal = NewSignal();

    public Task WaitAsync() => _signal.Task;

    public void Reset()
    {
        TaskCompletionSource<bool> previous = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _signal, NewSignal());
        previous.TrySetCanceled();
    }

    public void Pulse()
    {
        _signal.TrySetResult(true);
    }

    private static TaskCompletionSource<bool> NewSignal() =>
        new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
}

Public NotInheritable Class ResetFix
    Private _signal As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean) = NewSignal()

    Public Function WaitAsync() As Task
        Return _signal.Task
    End Function

    Public Sub Reset()
        Dim previous As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean) = Interlocked.Exchange(_signal, NewSignal())
        previous.TrySetCanceled()
    End Sub

    Public Sub Pulse()
        _signal.TrySetResult(True)
    End Sub

    Private Shared Function NewSignal() As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)
        Return New TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)
    End Function
End Class

不要這麼做： 如果你在完成前一個實例之前就替換了一個TaskCompletionSource實例，持有舊任務的服務生可能永遠無法完成。

// ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem where old waiters never complete.
public sealed class ResetBug
{
    private TaskCompletionSource<bool> _signal = NewSignal();

    public Task WaitAsync() => _signal.Task;

    public void Reset()
    {
        // BUG: waiters on the old task might never complete.
        _signal = NewSignal();
    }

    public void Pulse()
    {
        _signal.TrySetResult(true);
    }

    private static TaskCompletionSource<bool> NewSignal() =>
        new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
}

' ⚠️ DON'T copy this snippet. It demonstrates a problem where old waiters never complete.
Public NotInheritable Class ResetBug
    Private _signal As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean) = NewSignal()

    Public Function WaitAsync() As Task
        Return _signal.Task
    End Function

    Public Sub Reset()
        ' BUG: waiters on the old task might never complete.
        _signal = NewSignal()
    End Sub

    Public Sub Pulse()
        _signal.TrySetResult(True)
    End Sub

    Private Shared Function NewSignal() As TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)
        Return New TaskCompletionSource(Of Boolean)(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously)
    End Function
End Class

Checklist

完成每個暴露出來的 TaskCompletionSource 任務，包括成功、失敗和取消的路徑。
在可能發生競速的路徑中使用 TrySet* API。
重置時，先完成或取消舊任務，再刪除它的參考。
加入基於超時的測試，讓系統當機可在 CI 中快速失敗。

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Last updated on 2026-04-27