建置 XML 結構描述
System.Xml.Schema 命名空間中的類別會對應至全球資訊網協會 (W3C) XML 結構描述建議事項中定義的結構，並可用於建置記憶體中的 XML 結構描述。
建置 XML 結構描述
在下面的程式碼範例中，會使用 SOM API 建置記憶體中的客戶 XML 結構描述。
建立項目及屬性
程式碼範例會從下往上建置客戶結構描述，首先建立項目子系、屬性及其對應的型別，然後再建立最上層項目。
在下列程式碼範例中，會使用 SOM 的 FirstName 及 LastName 類別，建立 CustomerId 及 XmlSchemaElement 項目，以及客戶結構描述的 XmlSchemaAttribute 屬性。 除了 Name 及 XmlSchemaElement 類別的 XmlSchemaAttribute 屬性 (其對應至 XML 結構描述中 <xs:element /> 及 <xs:attribute /> 項目的 name 屬性 (Attribute))，結構描述所允許的所有其他屬性 (defaultValue、fixedValue 及 form 等)，在 XmlSchemaElement 及 XmlSchemaAttribute 類別中都有對應的屬性 (Property)。
// Create the FirstName and LastName elements.
XmlSchemaElement^ firstNameElement = gcnew XmlSchemaElement();
firstNameElement->Name = "FirstName";
XmlSchemaElement^ lastNameElement = gcnew XmlSchemaElement();
lastNameElement->Name = "LastName";
// Create CustomerId attribute.
XmlSchemaAttribute^ idAttribute = gcnew XmlSchemaAttribute();
idAttribute->Name = "CustomerId";
idAttribute->Use = XmlSchemaUse::Required;
// Create the FirstName and LastName elements.
XmlSchemaElement firstNameElement = new XmlSchemaElement();
firstNameElement.Name = "FirstName";
XmlSchemaElement lastNameElement = new XmlSchemaElement();
lastNameElement.Name = "LastName";
// Create CustomerId attribute.
XmlSchemaAttribute idAttribute = new XmlSchemaAttribute();
idAttribute.Name = "CustomerId";
idAttribute.Use = XmlSchemaUse.Required;
' Create the FirstName and LastName elements.
Dim firstNameElement As XmlSchemaElement = New XmlSchemaElement()
firstNameElement.Name = "FirstName"
Dim lastNameElement As XmlSchemaElement = New XmlSchemaElement()
lastNameElement.Name = "LastName"
' Create CustomerId attribute.
Dim idAttribute As XmlSchemaAttribute = New XmlSchemaAttribute()
idAttribute.Name = "CustomerId"
idAttribute.Use = XmlSchemaUse.Required
建立結構描述型別
項目及屬性的內容是由其型別來定義。 若要建立其型別為其中一個內建結構描述型別的項目及屬性 (Attribute)，請使用 SchemaTypeName 類別，以內建型別之對應的限定名稱設定 XmlSchemaElement 或 XmlSchemaAttribute 類別的 XmlQualifiedName 屬性 (Property)。 若要建立項目及屬性的使用者定義型別，請使用 XmlSchemaSimpleType 或 XmlSchemaComplexType 類別，建立新的簡單或複雜型別。
注意
若要建立做為項目或屬性 (Attribute) 之匿名子系的未命名簡單或複雜型別 (僅簡單型別適用於屬性 (Attribute))，請將 SchemaType 或 XmlSchemaElement 類別的 XmlSchemaAttribute 屬性設為未命名的簡單或複雜型別，而不是 SchemaTypeName 或 XmlSchemaElement 類別的 XmlSchemaAttribute 屬性 (Property)。
XML 結構描述允許匿名及具名簡單型別，利用限制其他簡單型別 (內建的或使用者定義的) 衍生，或建構為其他簡單型別的清單或聯集。 XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction 類別可用於藉由限制內建 xs:string 型別，來建立簡單型別。 您也可以使用 XmlSchemaSimpleTypeList 或 XmlSchemaSimpleTypeUnion 類別，建立清單或聯集型別。 XmlSchemaSimpleType.Content 屬性可表示它是簡單型別限制、清單還是聯集。
在下列程式碼範例中，FirstName 項目的型別為內建型別 xs:string，LastName 項目的型別為限制內建型別 xs:string 的具名簡單型別 (MaxLength Facet 值為 20)，而 CustomerId 屬性的型別為內建型別 xs:positiveInteger。 Customer 項目為匿名的複雜型別，其物件是 FirstName 及 LastName 項目的序列，而且其屬性包含 CustomerId 屬性。
注意
您也可以將 XmlSchemaChoice 或 XmlSchemaAll 類別做為複雜型別的物件，以複寫 <xs:choice /> 或 <xs:all /> 語意。
// Create the simple type for the LastName element.
XmlSchemaSimpleType^ lastNameType = gcnew XmlSchemaSimpleType();
lastNameType->Name = "LastNameType";
XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction^ lastNameRestriction =
gcnew XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction();
lastNameRestriction->BaseTypeName =
gcnew XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet^ maxLength = gcnew XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet();
maxLength->Value = "20";
lastNameRestriction->Facets->Add(maxLength);
lastNameType->Content = lastNameRestriction;
// Associate the elements and attributes with their types.
// Built-in type.
firstNameElement->SchemaTypeName =
gcnew XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// User-defined type.
lastNameElement->SchemaTypeName =
gcnew XmlQualifiedName("LastNameType", "http://www.tempuri.org");
// Built-in type.
idAttribute->SchemaTypeName = gcnew XmlQualifiedName("positiveInteger",
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// Create the top-level Customer element.
XmlSchemaElement^ customerElement = gcnew XmlSchemaElement();
customerElement->Name = "Customer";
// Create an anonymous complex type for the Customer element.
XmlSchemaComplexType^ customerType = gcnew XmlSchemaComplexType();
XmlSchemaSequence^ sequence = gcnew XmlSchemaSequence();
sequence->Items->Add(firstNameElement);
sequence->Items->Add(lastNameElement);
customerType->Particle = sequence;
// Add the CustomerId attribute to the complex type.
customerType->Attributes->Add(idAttribute);
// Set the SchemaType of the Customer element to
// the anonymous complex type created above.
customerElement->SchemaType = customerType;
// Create the simple type for the LastName element.
XmlSchemaSimpleType lastNameType = new XmlSchemaSimpleType();
lastNameType.Name = "LastNameType";
XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction lastNameRestriction =
new XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction();
lastNameRestriction.BaseTypeName =
new XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet maxLength = new XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet();
maxLength.Value = "20";
lastNameRestriction.Facets.Add(maxLength);
lastNameType.Content = lastNameRestriction;
// Associate the elements and attributes with their types.
// Built-in type.
firstNameElement.SchemaTypeName =
new XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// User-defined type.
lastNameElement.SchemaTypeName =
new XmlQualifiedName("LastNameType", "http://www.tempuri.org");
// Built-in type.
idAttribute.SchemaTypeName = new XmlQualifiedName("positiveInteger",
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// Create the top-level Customer element.
XmlSchemaElement customerElement = new XmlSchemaElement();
customerElement.Name = "Customer";
// Create an anonymous complex type for the Customer element.
XmlSchemaComplexType customerType = new XmlSchemaComplexType();
XmlSchemaSequence sequence = new XmlSchemaSequence();
sequence.Items.Add(firstNameElement);
sequence.Items.Add(lastNameElement);
customerType.Particle = sequence;
// Add the CustomerId attribute to the complex type.
customerType.Attributes.Add(idAttribute);
// Set the SchemaType of the Customer element to
// the anonymous complex type created above.
customerElement.SchemaType = customerType;
' Create the simple type for the LastName element.
Dim lastNameType As XmlSchemaSimpleType = New XmlSchemaSimpleType()
lastNameType.Name = "LastNameType"
Dim lastNameRestriction As XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction = _
New XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction()
lastNameRestriction.BaseTypeName = _
New XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")
Dim maxLength As XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet = New XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet()
maxLength.Value = "20"
lastNameRestriction.Facets.Add(maxLength)
lastNameType.Content = lastNameRestriction
' Associate the elements and attributes with their types.
' Built-in type.
firstNameElement.SchemaTypeName = _
New XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")
' User-defined type.
lastNameElement.SchemaTypeName = _
New XmlQualifiedName("LastNameType", "http://www.tempuri.org")
' Built-in type.
idAttribute.SchemaTypeName = New XmlQualifiedName("positiveInteger", _
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")
' Create the top-level Customer element.
Dim customerElement As XmlSchemaElement = New XmlSchemaElement()
customerElement.Name = "Customer"
' Create an anonymous complex type for the Customer element.
Dim customerType As XmlSchemaComplexType = New XmlSchemaComplexType()
Dim sequence As XmlSchemaSequence = New XmlSchemaSequence()
sequence.Items.Add(firstNameElement)
sequence.Items.Add(lastNameElement)
customerType.Particle = sequence
' Add the CustomerId attribute to the complex type.
customerType.Attributes.Add(idAttribute)
' Set the SchemaType of the Customer element to
' the anonymous complex type created above.
customerElement.SchemaType = customerType
建立及編譯結構描述
此時，已使用 SOM API 在記憶體中建立項目子系及屬性、其對應的型別，以及最上層 Customer 項目。 在下列程式碼範例中，會使用 XmlSchema 類別建立結構描述項目，使用 XmlSchema.Items 屬性將最上層項目及型別加入其中，並使用 XmlSchemaSet 類別編譯完整的結構描述，然後寫入主控台。
// Create an empty schema.
XmlSchema^ customerSchema = gcnew XmlSchema();
customerSchema->TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org";
// Add all top-level element and types to the schema
customerSchema->Items->Add(customerElement);
customerSchema->Items->Add(lastNameType);
// Create an XmlSchemaSet to compile the customer schema.
XmlSchemaSet^ schemaSet = gcnew XmlSchemaSet();
schemaSet->ValidationEventHandler += gcnew ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
schemaSet->Add(customerSchema);
schemaSet->Compile();
for each (XmlSchema^ schema in schemaSet->Schemas())
{
customerSchema = schema;
}
// Write the complete schema to the Console.
customerSchema->Write(Console::Out);
// Create an empty schema.
XmlSchema customerSchema = new XmlSchema();
customerSchema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org";
// Add all top-level element and types to the schema
customerSchema.Items.Add(customerElement);
customerSchema.Items.Add(lastNameType);
// Create an XmlSchemaSet to compile the customer schema.
XmlSchemaSet schemaSet = new XmlSchemaSet();
schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
schemaSet.Add(customerSchema);
schemaSet.Compile();
foreach (XmlSchema schema in schemaSet.Schemas())
{
customerSchema = schema;
}
// Write the complete schema to the Console.
customerSchema.Write(Console.Out);
' Create an empty schema.
Dim customerSchema As XmlSchema = New XmlSchema()
customerSchema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org"
' Add all top-level element and types to the schema
customerSchema.Items.Add(customerElement)
customerSchema.Items.Add(lastNameType)
' Create an XmlSchemaSet to compile the customer schema.
Dim schemaSet As XmlSchemaSet = New XmlSchemaSet()
AddHandler schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler, AddressOf ValidationCallback
schemaSet.Add(customerSchema)
schemaSet.Compile()
For Each schema As XmlSchema In schemaSet.Schemas()
customerSchema = schema
Next
' Write the complete schema to the Console.
customerSchema.Write(Console.Out)
XmlSchemaSet.Compile 方法會根據 XML 結構描述的規則，驗證客戶結構描述，並使 Post-Schema-Compilation 屬性可用。
注意
SOM API 中的所有 Post-Schema-Compilation 屬性都與 Post-Schema-Validation-Infoset 不同。
加入 ValidationEventHandler 的 XmlSchemaSet 是一種委派屬性，它會呼叫回呼方法 ValidationCallback，以處理結構描述驗證警告及錯誤。
以下是完整的程式碼範例，以及寫入主控台的客戶結構描述。
#using <System.Xml.dll>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Xml;
using namespace System::Xml::Schema;
ref class XmlSchemaCreateExample
{
public:
static void Main()
{
// Create the FirstName and LastName elements.
XmlSchemaElement^ firstNameElement = gcnew XmlSchemaElement();
firstNameElement->Name = "FirstName";
XmlSchemaElement^ lastNameElement = gcnew XmlSchemaElement();
lastNameElement->Name = "LastName";
// Create CustomerId attribute.
XmlSchemaAttribute^ idAttribute = gcnew XmlSchemaAttribute();
idAttribute->Name = "CustomerId";
idAttribute->Use = XmlSchemaUse::Required;
// Create the simple type for the LastName element.
XmlSchemaSimpleType^ lastNameType = gcnew XmlSchemaSimpleType();
lastNameType->Name = "LastNameType";
XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction^ lastNameRestriction =
gcnew XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction();
lastNameRestriction->BaseTypeName =
gcnew XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet^ maxLength = gcnew XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet();
maxLength->Value = "20";
lastNameRestriction->Facets->Add(maxLength);
lastNameType->Content = lastNameRestriction;
// Associate the elements and attributes with their types.
// Built-in type.
firstNameElement->SchemaTypeName =
gcnew XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// User-defined type.
lastNameElement->SchemaTypeName =
gcnew XmlQualifiedName("LastNameType", "http://www.tempuri.org");
// Built-in type.
idAttribute->SchemaTypeName = gcnew XmlQualifiedName("positiveInteger",
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// Create the top-level Customer element.
XmlSchemaElement^ customerElement = gcnew XmlSchemaElement();
customerElement->Name = "Customer";
// Create an anonymous complex type for the Customer element.
XmlSchemaComplexType^ customerType = gcnew XmlSchemaComplexType();
XmlSchemaSequence^ sequence = gcnew XmlSchemaSequence();
sequence->Items->Add(firstNameElement);
sequence->Items->Add(lastNameElement);
customerType->Particle = sequence;
// Add the CustomerId attribute to the complex type.
customerType->Attributes->Add(idAttribute);
// Set the SchemaType of the Customer element to
// the anonymous complex type created above.
customerElement->SchemaType = customerType;
// Create an empty schema.
XmlSchema^ customerSchema = gcnew XmlSchema();
customerSchema->TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org";
// Add all top-level element and types to the schema
customerSchema->Items->Add(customerElement);
customerSchema->Items->Add(lastNameType);
// Create an XmlSchemaSet to compile the customer schema.
XmlSchemaSet^ schemaSet = gcnew XmlSchemaSet();
schemaSet->ValidationEventHandler += gcnew ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
schemaSet->Add(customerSchema);
schemaSet->Compile();
for each (XmlSchema^ schema in schemaSet->Schemas())
{
customerSchema = schema;
}
// Write the complete schema to the Console.
customerSchema->Write(Console::Out);
}
static void ValidationCallback(Object^ sender, ValidationEventArgs^ args)
{
if (args->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Warning)
Console::Write("WARNING: ");
else if (args->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Error)
Console::Write("ERROR: ");
Console::WriteLine(args->Message);
}
};
int main()
{
XmlSchemaCreateExample::Main();
return 0;
}
using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;
class XmlSchemaCreateExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Create the FirstName and LastName elements.
XmlSchemaElement firstNameElement = new XmlSchemaElement();
firstNameElement.Name = "FirstName";
XmlSchemaElement lastNameElement = new XmlSchemaElement();
lastNameElement.Name = "LastName";
// Create CustomerId attribute.
XmlSchemaAttribute idAttribute = new XmlSchemaAttribute();
idAttribute.Name = "CustomerId";
idAttribute.Use = XmlSchemaUse.Required;
// Create the simple type for the LastName element.
XmlSchemaSimpleType lastNameType = new XmlSchemaSimpleType();
lastNameType.Name = "LastNameType";
XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction lastNameRestriction =
new XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction();
lastNameRestriction.BaseTypeName =
new XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet maxLength = new XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet();
maxLength.Value = "20";
lastNameRestriction.Facets.Add(maxLength);
lastNameType.Content = lastNameRestriction;
// Associate the elements and attributes with their types.
// Built-in type.
firstNameElement.SchemaTypeName =
new XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// User-defined type.
lastNameElement.SchemaTypeName =
new XmlQualifiedName("LastNameType", "http://www.tempuri.org");
// Built-in type.
idAttribute.SchemaTypeName = new XmlQualifiedName("positiveInteger",
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
// Create the top-level Customer element.
XmlSchemaElement customerElement = new XmlSchemaElement();
customerElement.Name = "Customer";
// Create an anonymous complex type for the Customer element.
XmlSchemaComplexType customerType = new XmlSchemaComplexType();
XmlSchemaSequence sequence = new XmlSchemaSequence();
sequence.Items.Add(firstNameElement);
sequence.Items.Add(lastNameElement);
customerType.Particle = sequence;
// Add the CustomerId attribute to the complex type.
customerType.Attributes.Add(idAttribute);
// Set the SchemaType of the Customer element to
// the anonymous complex type created above.
customerElement.SchemaType = customerType;
// Create an empty schema.
XmlSchema customerSchema = new XmlSchema();
customerSchema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org";
// Add all top-level element and types to the schema
customerSchema.Items.Add(customerElement);
customerSchema.Items.Add(lastNameType);
// Create an XmlSchemaSet to compile the customer schema.
XmlSchemaSet schemaSet = new XmlSchemaSet();
schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
schemaSet.Add(customerSchema);
schemaSet.Compile();
foreach (XmlSchema schema in schemaSet.Schemas())
{
customerSchema = schema;
}
// Write the complete schema to the Console.
customerSchema.Write(Console.Out);
}
static void ValidationCallback(object sender, ValidationEventArgs args)
{
if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Warning)
Console.Write("WARNING: ");
else if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Error)
Console.Write("ERROR: ");
Console.WriteLine(args.Message);
}
}
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.Schema
Class XmlSchemaCreateExample
Shared Sub Main()
' Create the FirstName and LastName elements.
Dim firstNameElement As XmlSchemaElement = New XmlSchemaElement()
firstNameElement.Name = "FirstName"
Dim lastNameElement As XmlSchemaElement = New XmlSchemaElement()
lastNameElement.Name = "LastName"
' Create CustomerId attribute.
Dim idAttribute As XmlSchemaAttribute = New XmlSchemaAttribute()
idAttribute.Name = "CustomerId"
idAttribute.Use = XmlSchemaUse.Required
' Create the simple type for the LastName element.
Dim lastNameType As XmlSchemaSimpleType = New XmlSchemaSimpleType()
lastNameType.Name = "LastNameType"
Dim lastNameRestriction As XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction = _
New XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction()
lastNameRestriction.BaseTypeName = _
New XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")
Dim maxLength As XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet = New XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet()
maxLength.Value = "20"
lastNameRestriction.Facets.Add(maxLength)
lastNameType.Content = lastNameRestriction
' Associate the elements and attributes with their types.
' Built-in type.
firstNameElement.SchemaTypeName = _
New XmlQualifiedName("string", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")
' User-defined type.
lastNameElement.SchemaTypeName = _
New XmlQualifiedName("LastNameType", "http://www.tempuri.org")
' Built-in type.
idAttribute.SchemaTypeName = New XmlQualifiedName("positiveInteger", _
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")
' Create the top-level Customer element.
Dim customerElement As XmlSchemaElement = New XmlSchemaElement()
customerElement.Name = "Customer"
' Create an anonymous complex type for the Customer element.
Dim customerType As XmlSchemaComplexType = New XmlSchemaComplexType()
Dim sequence As XmlSchemaSequence = New XmlSchemaSequence()
sequence.Items.Add(firstNameElement)
sequence.Items.Add(lastNameElement)
customerType.Particle = sequence
' Add the CustomerId attribute to the complex type.
customerType.Attributes.Add(idAttribute)
' Set the SchemaType of the Customer element to
' the anonymous complex type created above.
customerElement.SchemaType = customerType
' Create an empty schema.
Dim customerSchema As XmlSchema = New XmlSchema()
customerSchema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org"
' Add all top-level element and types to the schema
customerSchema.Items.Add(customerElement)
customerSchema.Items.Add(lastNameType)
' Create an XmlSchemaSet to compile the customer schema.
Dim schemaSet As XmlSchemaSet = New XmlSchemaSet()
AddHandler schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler, AddressOf ValidationCallback
schemaSet.Add(customerSchema)
schemaSet.Compile()
For Each schema As XmlSchema In schemaSet.Schemas()
customerSchema = schema
Next
' Write the complete schema to the Console.
customerSchema.Write(Console.Out)
End Sub
Shared Sub ValidationCallback(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal args As ValidationEventArgs)
If args.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Warning Then
Console.Write("WARNING: ")
Else
If args.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Error Then
Console.Write("ERROR: ")
End If
End If
Console.WriteLine(args.Message)
End Sub
End Class
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:tns="http://www.tempuri.org" targetNamespace="http://www.tempuri.org" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="Customer">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="FirstName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="LastName" type="tns:LastNameType" />
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="CustomerId" type="xs:positiveInteger" use="required" />
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:simpleType name="LastNameType">
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:maxLength value="20" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:schema>
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