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使用 XPathNavigator 擷取 XML 數據

在 Microsoft .NET Framework 中,有數種不同的表示 XML 檔的方式。 這包括使用String,或使用XmlReaderXmlWriterXmlDocumentXPathDocument類別。 為了方便在 XML 檔的不同表示法之間移動,類別 XPathNavigator 提供數種方法和屬性,可將 XML 擷取為 StringXmlReader 物件或 XmlWriter 物件。

將 XPathNavigator 轉換為字串

類別 OuterXmlXPathNavigator 屬性是用來取得整個 XML 檔的標記,或只取得單一節點及其子節點的標記。

備註

屬性 InnerXml 只取得某個節點的子節點標記。

下列程式代碼範例示範如何將 物件中包含的 XPathNavigator 整個 XML 檔儲存為 String,以及單一節點及其子節點。

Dim document As XPathDocument = New XPathDocument("input.xml")  
Dim navigator As XPathNavigator = document.CreateNavigator()  
  
' Save the entire input.xml document to a string.  
Dim xml As String = navigator.OuterXml  
  
' Now save the Root element and its child nodes to a string.  
navigator.MoveToChild(XPathNodeType.Element)  
Dim root As String = navigator.OuterXml  
XPathDocument document = new XPathDocument("input.xml");  
XPathNavigator navigator = document.CreateNavigator();  
  
// Save the entire input.xml document to a string.  
string xml = navigator.OuterXml;  
  
// Now save the Root element and its child nodes to a string.  
navigator.MoveToChild(XPathNodeType.Element);  
string root = navigator.OuterXml;  

將 XPathNavigator 轉換為 XmlReader

方法 ReadSubtree 可用來將 XML 檔的整個內容,或只將單一節點及其子節點串流至 XmlReader 物件。

XmlReader使用目前節點及其子節點建立 物件時,XmlReader物件的 ReadState 屬性會設定為 Initial。 第一次呼叫XmlReader物件的Read方法時,XmlReader會移至XPathNavigator的當前節點。 新的 XmlReader 物件會繼續讀取,直到到達 XML 樹狀結構的結尾為止。 此時, Read 方法會傳 false 回 ,而 XmlReader 物件的 ReadState 屬性會設定為 EndOfFile

XPathNavigator物件的建立或移動XmlReader不會變更物件的位置。 只有在 ReadSubtree 位於元素或根節點上時,方法才有效。

下列範例示範如何取得 XmlReader 物件,其中包含 物件中 XPathDocument 整個 XML 檔,以及單一節點及其子節點。

Dim document As XPathDocument = New XPathDocument("books.xml")  
Dim navigator As XPathNavigator = document.CreateNavigator()  
  
' Stream the entire XML document to the XmlReader.  
Dim xml As XmlReader = navigator.ReadSubtree()  
  
While xml.Read()  
    Console.WriteLine(xml.ReadInnerXml())  
End While  
  
xml.Close()  
  
' Stream the book element and its child nodes to the XmlReader.  
navigator.MoveToChild("bookstore", "")  
navigator.MoveToChild("book", "")  
  
Dim book As XmlReader = navigator.ReadSubtree()  
  
While book.Read()  
    Console.WriteLine(book.ReadInnerXml())  
End While  
  
book.Close()  
XPathDocument document = new XPathDocument("books.xml");  
XPathNavigator navigator = document.CreateNavigator();  
  
// Stream the entire XML document to the XmlReader.  
XmlReader xml = navigator.ReadSubtree();  
  
while (xml.Read())  
{  
    Console.WriteLine(xml.ReadInnerXml());  
}  
  
xml.Close();  
  
// Stream the book element and its child nodes to the XmlReader.  
navigator.MoveToChild("bookstore", "");  
navigator.MoveToChild("book", "");  
  
XmlReader book = navigator.ReadSubtree();  
  
while (book.Read())  
{  
    Console.WriteLine(book.ReadInnerXml());  
}  
  
book.Close();  

此範例會採用 books.xml 檔案作為輸入。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<bookstore>
    <book genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981-03-22" ISBN="1-861003-11-0">
        <title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title>
        <author>
            <first-name>Benjamin</first-name>
            <last-name>Franklin</last-name>
        </author>
        <price>8.99</price>
    </book>
    <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1967-11-17" ISBN="0-201-63361-2">
        <title>The Confidence Man</title>
        <author>
            <first-name>Herman</first-name>
            <last-name>Melville</last-name>
        </author>
        <price>11.99</price>
    </book>
    <book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991-02-15" ISBN="1-861001-57-6">
        <title>The Gorgias</title>
        <author>
            <name>Plato</name>
        </author>
        <price>9.99</price>
    </book>
</bookstore>

將 XPathNavigator 轉換為 XmlWriter

方法 WriteSubtree 可用來將 XML 檔的整個內容,或只將單一節點及其子節點串流至 XmlWriter 物件。

建立XPathNavigator物件不會改變XmlWriter物件的位置。

下列範例示範如何取得 XmlWriter 物件,其中包含 物件中 XPathDocument 整個 XML 檔,以及單一節點及其子節點。

Dim document As XPathDocument = New XPathDocument("books.xml")  
Dim navigator As XPathNavigator = document.CreateNavigator()  
  
' Stream the entire XML document to the XmlWriter.  
Dim xml As XmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create("newbooks.xml")  
navigator.WriteSubtree(xml)  
xml.Close()  
  
' Stream the book element and its child nodes to the XmlWriter.  
navigator.MoveToChild("bookstore", "")  
navigator.MoveToChild("book", "")  
  
Dim book As XmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create("book.xml")  
navigator.WriteSubtree(book)  
book.Close()  
XPathDocument document = new XPathDocument("books.xml");  
XPathNavigator navigator = document.CreateNavigator();  
  
// Stream the entire XML document to the XmlWriter.  
XmlWriter xml = XmlWriter.Create("newbooks.xml");  
navigator.WriteSubtree(xml);  
xml.Close();  
  
// Stream the book element and its child nodes to the XmlWriter.  
navigator.MoveToChild("bookstore", "");  
navigator.MoveToChild("book", "");  
  
XmlWriter book = XmlWriter.Create("book.xml");  
navigator.WriteSubtree(book);  
book.Close();  

此範例會採用 books.xml 本主題稍早找到的檔案做為輸入。

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